Abstract: A wheel-acting force measuring device permits accurate measurement of road surface friction force and normal counter force by eliminating cross talk due to brake torque. Torsional stress produced upon application of the brakes is minimized by disposing a stress detecting sensor within a hole formed in or adjacent an axle of a vehicle, the hole being oriented at or about a brake caliper angle.

Abstract: An antilock braking system employing stress sensors installed in the wheel axle structure of a motor vehicle. The stress sensors measure a road surface frictional force and a braking torque. A parameter calculating means calculates a parameter M from these measured values. An ABS control means terminates a braking pressure reduction process in accordance with the change in the parameter M. Thereby, the system can preclude the locking of the wheel of the motor vehicle even when the brake is suddenly applied, can prevent the braking pressure reduction from being over controlled, and makes possible braking loss minimization.

Abstract: An antilock braking system using stress sensors installed in the wheel axle of a motor vehicle. The stress sensors measure a road surface frictional force, a vertical load, a road surface friction coefficient, a braking torque, and a side force. An arithmetic calculator calculates a parameter value M from these measured values. An ABS controller controls movement process toward a braking pressure reduction mode in accordance with the change in the value M. Thereby, the system can preclude the locking of the wheel of the motor vehicle even when the brake is suddenly applied.

Abstract: Road surface frictional force is sensed by measuring the strain of a tire or the strain in the vicinity of a wheel of a vehicle, and the sensing of the road surface frictional force is part of an antilock braking system in which, cyclically, brake fluid pressure is increased when the road surface frictional force increases in response to increase of the brake fluid pressure and decreased when the road surface frictional force decreases despite increase of the brake fluid pressure and brake fluid pressure is increased again when the road surface frictional force decreases in response to decreasing of the brake fluid pressure.

Abstract: Road surface friction is sensed by measuring strain on a structure of a vehicle in the vicinity of a wheel of the vehicle. Road surface friction coefficient is determined by measuring strain on a structure of a vehicle in the vicinity of a wheel of the vehicle thereby to produce signal outputs proportional to road surface frictional force and vertical load and calculating the road surface friction coefficient from the outputs.

Abstract: The invention is intended to provide a stress measuring device for a structure, wherein a plurality of stress sensors are composited or integrated to provide an integrated single-packaged stress composite sensor, the latter being used to deliver X-axis, X- and Z-axis or X-, Y- and Z-axis direction stress signals produced in the structure or deliver stress signals in selected directions, so as to make it possible to measure stresses.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a stress detecting and measuring method wherein in order to measure a shearing strain alone associated with a stress acting in an intended direction, the stress being one of the stresses acting on an axle of a vehicle or a structure having a fixed support point adjacent the axle, the conditions for the optimum position where a stress sensor is to be mounted are indicated. Further, the invention is intended to provide a stress detecting device which accurately measures a shearing strain alone associated with a stress acting in an intended direction by further separating a plurality of stresses acting on a stress sensor. For example, in the case where stresses are applied in two directions to a structure having a fixed support point, in order to measure a shearing strain alone associated with a stress acting in an intended direction, a stress sensor should be mounted in a position which is a transformation knot zone for the other stress strain, i.e.

Abstract: A wheel-acting force measuring device permits accurate measurement of a shearing stress by removing a torsional stress component measured by a stress detector. A stress sensor includes four sensor segments which measure stress by a change in a characteristic thereof, arranged two on each of opposed surfaces of a base, preferably in cross form. The four sensor segments can be combined into various circuit configurations to produce a combined characteristic for each combination, each associated with a measurement of a particular stress acting on a wheel. In a preferred case, the four sensor segments are strain gauges, each which form part of a bridge circuit shiftably connected to allow the relative connection of each segment to be altered, thereby changing the configuration of the bridge. When in a first configuration, the output of the bridge circuit indicates primarily shearing strain mixed with a torsional strain component.

Abstract: Action force of a wheel is measured in order to measure the road surface frictional force, vertical drag, road surface friction coefficient, etc. Means for making these measurements can be constituents of an antilock brake system, traction control system, etc. These constituents may also serve as devices for measuring stresses generated in other structures. In a specific example, axle of a vehicle is formed with a hole, a stress detection sensor is installed in the hole and secured in position with the aid of a spacer element, and a detection signal from the stress detection sensor is processed in a signal processing circuit.

Abstract: According to the motor vehicle braking apparatus of the present invention, the engine throttle valve is closed when the driver treads the accelerator pedal to an extent exceeding a predetermined range, and the brakes are applied when the driver further treads the accelerator pedal to an extent equal to or greater than a predetermined limit. The braking force is adjusted according to the accelerator pedal treading. When the accelerator pedal treading is released to an extent equal to or greater than a predetermined limit, the application of the brakes is released. However, the engine throttle valve still remains closed. The normal function as the accelerator pedal is restored only after the accelerator pedal treading has been released to an extent near the level causing the accelerator pedal to be fully released.