Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a cell array including a plurality of memory cells, a page buffer block controlling bitlines of the plurality of memory cells to program the memory cells to a first target state or a second target state, and a control logic configured to skip a verify operation for the memory cells programmed to the first target state and perform a verify operation for the memory cells programmed to the second target state during a second program loop when the memory cells programmed to the first target state are determined to be in a pass condition during a first program loop.

Abstract: The non-volatile memory device includes a plurality of memory cells. Each of the memory cells is configured to achieve one of a plurality of states, and each of the states represents different multi-bit data. In one embodiment, the method of programming includes simultaneously programming (1) a first memory cell from a first selected state to a second selected state and (2) a second memory cell from a third selected state to a refined third selected state. The refined third selected state has a higher verify voltage than the third selected state.

Abstract: A polymer composition includes a polyarylene sulfide resin, a olefinic graft copolymer, and a fluorinated polyolefin resin. Some embodiments may additionally comprise an epoxy compound and/or a filler. In some embodiments, the compositions have good flame retardancy, impact strength, and flexural strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition and a method of preparation thereof. In detail, the present invention relates to an antioxidant composition containing procyanidin B3 obtained from Rosa multiflora, and a preparation method for the antioxidant composition, comprising extraction of the underground part of Rosa multiflora with an organic solvent, followed by fractionation and purification of the extract by chromatography. The antioxidant composition of the present invention can be effectively used in treatment or prevention of various diseases due to oxidation by reactive oxygen species, maintenance of quality of food, and prevention of skin damages due to oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition and a method of preparation thereof. In detail, the present invention relates to an antioxidant composition containing procyanidin B3 obtained from Rosa multiflora, and a preparation method for the antioxidant composition, comprising extraction of the underground part of Rosa multiflora with an organic solvent, followed by fractionation and purification of the extract by chromatography. The antioxidant composition of the present invention can be effectively used in treatment or prevention of various diseases due to oxidation by reactive oxygen species, maintenance of quality of food, and prevention of skin damages due to oxidation.

Abstract: An engine idle speed control device enhances engine cold-start performance even in engines of large displacement. The device reduces noise created by intersecting air flows after bypassing the throttle valve. The device includes first and second passages, each mounted on a throttle body for enabling air flow bypassing the throttle valve, an ISA so mounted as to control the opening of the first passage, and temperature valve unit so mounted as to control the opening of the second passage in response to engine temperature.

Abstract: An engine idle speed control device enhances engine cold-start performance even in engines of large displacement. The device reduces noise created by intersecting air flows after bypassing the throttle valve. The device includes first and second passages, each mounted on a throttle body for enabling air flow bypassing the throttle valve, an ISA so mounted as to control the opening of the first passage, and temperature valve unit so mounted as to control the opening of the second passage in response to engine temperature.