Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device having excellent display quality is provided which is capable of precisely controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules and of providing a high brightness display both in a transmissive display mode and in a reflective display mode. The transflective liquid crystal display panel has a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrates, pixel electrodes disposed on the surface of one of the substrates facing the liquid crystal layer, a counter electrode disposed on the surface of the other substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and an alignment film covering the surface of each of the substrates facing the liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrodes, each including an electrode for reflective display and an electrode for transmissive display, are disposed such that the distances to the other substrate from the electrode for reflective display and from the electrode for transmissive display are different.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a transparent conductive film at a low temperature that is suitable for use with a synthetic resin substrate. According to the production method of a substrate with an electrode of the present invention, an oxide conductive film composed of an amorphous material or mainly composed of an amorphous material is formed on a substrate at a temperature equal to or less than the crystallization temperature of the film, and subsequently, the formed oxide conductive film is crystallized by heating. The oxide conductive film is processed into the shape of an electrode either before or after crystallization, according to necessity.

Abstract: A reflective plate comprises a substrate, a plurality of protrusions each formed on the substrate and having a curved surface, and a reflective film formed on the substrate having the protrusions, wherein a planar shape of each of the protrusions is indefinite, and when a frame line of the planar shape of each of the protrusions is divided into fine line segments, the line segments are pointed in all directions or in predetermined directions. This improves reflective properties such as dispersion properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a transparent conductive film at a low temperature that is suitable for use with a synthetic resin substrate. According to the production method of a substrate with an electrode of the present invention, an oxide conductive film composed of an amorphous material or mainly composed of an amorphous material is formed on a substrate at a temperature equal to or less than the crystallization temperature of the film, and subsequently, the formed oxide conductive film is crystallized by heating. The oxide conductive film is processed into the shape of an electrode either before or after crystallization, according to necessity.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a plurality of light-emitting elements provided on a base material, each of the light-emitting elements including a pair of electrodes, and a light-emitting layer interposed between the electrodes. Light-emitting surfaces of the light-emitting elements are arranged along a standing direction with respect to the base material. The light-emitting elements are formed into a belt shape, a strap shape, a cylindrical shape or a columnar shape or formed to be porous, thereby increasing a surface area of the light-emitting element drastically so as to reduce a current amount per unit area, thus providing a light source with an extended lifetime even in a high luminance application.

Abstract: There are provided an organic electroluminescence element which is excellent in visibility and which can maintain a light emission performance with a high degree of efficiency, an image forming apparatus which is excellent in visibility and which can maintain a light emission performance with a high degree of efficiency, and a portable terminal unit which is lightweight and which has a long use life. The organic electroluminescence element incorporates at least, on a substrate, an anode for injecting holes, a luminous layer having a light emitting zone, a cathode for injecting electrons, wherein light radiated from the luminous layer is extracted through a surface opposed to the substrate, and an inverted V-like structure higher than the luminous layer is formed on at least a part of an element forming surface of the substrate.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a reflector having a plurality of convex portions 4 that are obtained by means of melt deformation of column-shaped bodys 15 formed of a photosensitive resin material, the photosensitive resin material has aspect ratio vs. average tilt angle characteristics in which an average tilt angle &thgr; reaches a maximum value through an incremental change process and then converges to a certain value through a decremental process when an aspect ratio is gradually increased from a value close to zero, provided that the average tilt angle of the convex portion is an angle of elevation from the outer periphery of the bottom surface of the convex portion 4 to an apex of the convex portion and that the aspect ratio is a ratio of the height of said column-shaped body 15 with respect to the width thereof.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers are stacked on a substrate, a method for bonding a film for sealing liquid crystal to supporting members is improved and the fabrication cost is thereby reduced, in order to provide a reflective type liquid crystal display device that achieves a bright display image and causes no parallax problem, and to provide a reducing method of the device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a resin film, a multiplicity of columnar supporting members, an adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrate comprises a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode, both formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The resin film comprises a common electrode provided on the upper surface of the film, and is disposed upwardly with respect to the substrate. The supporting members are provided on the substrate so as to support the resin film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflector and a reflective liquid crystal display capable of maintaining high controllability of the shape of the reflective electrode and improving reflection characteristic, only in the step of forming active elements, without a need for special manufacturing steps. In a reflector comprising an active element D and a concave/convex reflective electrode on an insulating substrate, a step-like structure B obtained by cumulating a plurality of column-shaped bodies A1, A2 with width sequentially reduced upwardly. The column-shaped bodies A1, A2 are comprised of one or more layers selected from all layers L1-L2 constituting the active element D and obtained by layer forming and predetermined patterning in the step of manufacturing the active element D.

Abstract: In a reflector 101 having a concave/convex shape in a surface thereof, at least part of concave portions 4 of the concave/convex shape are arranged according to a predetermined rule and the concave/convex shape of an arbitrary straight-line cross section is irregular.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a transparent conductive film at a low temperature that is suitable for use with a synthetic resin substrate. According to the production method of a substrate with an electrode of the present invention, an oxide conductive film composed of an amorphous material or mainly composed of an amorphous material is formed on a substrate at a temperature equal to or less than the crystallization temperature of the film, and subsequently, the formed oxide conductive film is crystallized by heating. The oxide conductive film is processed into the shape of an electrode either before or after crystallization, according to necessity.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device having excellent display quality is provided which is capable of precisely controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules and of providing a high brightness display both in a transmissive display mode and in a reflective display mode. The transflective liquid crystal display panel has a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrates, pixel electrodes disposed on the surface of one of the substrates facing the liquid crystal layer, a counter electrode disposed on the surface of the other substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and an alignment film covering the surface of each of the substrates facing the liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrodes, each including an electrode for reflective display and an electrode for transmissive display, are disposed such that the distances to the other substrate from the electrode for reflective display and from the electrode for transmissive display are different.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device which eliminates flicker phenomenon and reduces power consumption in the display device, and a driving method of the device. At least two adjacent pixels satisfy a relationship such that the time variations of luminance (18) and luminance (19) are opposite.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a plurality of light-emitting elements provided on a base material, each of the light-emitting elements including a pair of electrodes, and a light-emitting layer interposed between the electrodes. Light-emitting surfaces of the light-emitting elements are arranged along a standing direction with respect to the base material. The light-emitting elements are formed into a belt shape, a strap shape, a cylindrical shape or a columnar shape or formed to be porous, thereby increasing a surface area of the light-emitting element drastically so as to reduce a current amount per unit area, thus providing a light source with an extended lifetime even in a high luminance application.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers are stacked on a substrate, a method for bonding a film for sealing liquid crystal to supporting members is improved and the fabrication cost is thereby reduced, in order to provide a reflective type liquid crystal display device that achieves a bright display image and causes no parallax problem, and to provide a reducing method of the device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a resin film, a multiplicity of columnar supporting members, an adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrate comprises a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode, both formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The resin film comprises a common electrode provided on the upper surface of the film, and is disposed upwardly with respect to the substrate. The supporting members are provided on the substrate so as to support the resin film.

Abstract: A reflector comprises a substrate provided with a plurality of projecting and depressed structures which are groups of columnar portions each serving as a basic unit and composed of a plurality of minute columnar portions, which are separate from each other or at least partially connected to each other, and with a light reflecting thin film provided over the projecting and depressed structures. This allows incident light to be scattered and reflected in a forward direction or the like, not in the regular reflection direction, and provides a reflector having a superior contrast property and a superior paper-white property, a fabrication method therefor, and a reflective display device comprising the reflector. The reflective display device has a liquid crystal layer provided between a pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates is provided with projecting and depressed portions covered with a metal film and with a support portion for supporting the counter substrate, which are molded integrally.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image display comprising: a substrate including a light function layer for displaying an image by emitting or blocking light in accordance with a supplied voltage; and a frame body for surrounding the substrate, wherein a concave portion is provided on a side surface of the substrate, a convex portion is provided on an inner side of a side surface of the frame body, and the convex portion is fitted to the concave portion.

Abstract: A reflector comprises a substrate provided with a plurality of projecting and depressed structures which are groups of columnar portions each serving as a basic unit and composed of a plurality of minute columnar portions, which are separate from each other or at least partially connected to each other, and with a light reflecting thin film provided over the projecting and depressed structures. This allows incident light to be scattered and reflected in a forward direction or the like, not in the regular reflection direction, and provides a reflector having a superior contrast property and a superior paper-white property, a fabrication method therefor, and a reflective display device comprising the reflector. The reflective display device has a liquid crystal layer provided between a pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates is provided with projecting and depressed portions covered with a metal film and with a support portion for supporting the counter substrate, which are molded integrally.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers are stacked on a substrate, a method for bonding a film for sealing liquid crystal to supporting members is improved and the fabrication cost is thereby reduced, in order to provide a reflective type liquid crystal display device that achieves a bright display image and causes no parallax problem, and to provide a reducing method of the device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a resin film, a multiplicity of columnar supporting members, an adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrate comprises a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode, both formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The resin film comprises a common electrode provided on the upper surface of the film, and is disposed upwardly with respect to the substrate. The supporting members are provided on the substrate so as to support the resin film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device free from color displacement and having improved contrast ratio as well as an improved aperture ratio. The object is attained by the following structure comprising a substrate having a pixel electrode and a driving element, liquid crystal layers stacked on a substrate, a transparent pixel electrode interposed between the stacked liquid crystal layers, and a driving element provided on the substrate. The transparent pixel electrode is electrically connected to the driving element through an opening formed in a specified region of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the liquid crystal layers is composed of microcapsules each containing a liquid crystal and a binder for binding the microcapsules. An insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode on the substrate and the liquid crystal layer or between the pixel electrode interposed between the liquid crystal layers and the liquid crystal layer.