Abstract: A system and method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The method may include closing said intake valve at a timing in a first range, which is before a maximum charge closing timing with which an amount of air inducted into said cylinder from said air intake passage would be maximized at a given engine speed, during a cylinder cycle when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is less than or equal to a predetermined air amount at the given engine speed. The method may further include closing said intake valve at a timing in a second range, which is after said maximum charge closing timing and separated from said first range during a cylinder cycle, when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is greater than said predetermined air amount at the given engine speed.

Abstract: A printing system includes a print application and a printing apparatus. The print application sets metadata for an arbitrary content among a plurality of contents included in a print job, generates a job ticket in which the set metadata is associated with a print setting, and receives transmission conditions of a printing status in association with the metadata. The printing apparatus executes printing according to the print setting of the generated job ticket, and when the printing of the print setting referring to the metadata associated with the transmission conditions is executed in the job ticket, transmits the printing status to a transmission destination designated by the transmission conditions.

Abstract: Layout candidates to lay out and print a plurality of input jobs on one print sheet are created. Cutting lines on the print sheet and the number of times of rotation of the print sheet necessary in the cutting process are decided for a layout defined by each created layout candidate. Cutting difficulty corresponding to each layout candidate is calculated for each created layout candidate on the basis of the decided number of cutting lines and the decided number of times of rotation. A layout candidate having the lowest cutting difficulty among calculated cutting difficulties is selected as a layout for the jobs. Print data to print the jobs is generated on the basis of the selected layout.

Abstract: An apparatus generates a processing route defining a processing order of plural processing processes to process print data. In the apparatus, a selection unit selects devices that can process the print data according to output setting information, and a generation unit generates at least one processing route for processing the print data by combining the selected devices for executing the plural processing processes. The apparatus determines a security level of each generated processing route based on a defined condition, and determines a processing route for processing the print data based on the determined security level.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus holds a job to be executed, scan processing performed by an operator in job execution, sheet registration, work content of sheet supply, working hours, information about a worker and the like, in association with a database. Further, the image forming apparatus transmits information about man-hours concerning registration work of sheet information held in the database, to a server.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of and an apparatus for abrading outer peripheral parts of a semiconductor wafer having a protective sheet adhesively attached to its surface where semiconductor elements are formed. The semiconductor wafer is held horizontally and an abrading tape held inside an abrading head is run and pressed against the outer peripheral part of the semiconductor wafer. The abrading tape has abrading particles attached to a base sheet by electrostatic spraying.

Abstract: There is provided, in one aspect of the present description, a method of controlling a spark ignited internal combustion engine having a fuel injector which injects fuel directly into its combustion chamber. The method comprises stopping the fuel injection if a desired torque for the engine is a predetermined torque or less and a speed of the engine is a predetermined speed or greater. The method comprises resuming the fuel injection by injecting a first amount of fuel directly into the combustion chamber during a negative pressure period and injecting a second amount of the fuel into the combustion chamber during an intake period. The method further includes resuming the fuel injection by injecting a third amount of the fuel directly into the combustion chamber during the negative pressure period and injecting a fourth amount of the fuel into the combustion chamber during the intake period.

Abstract: There is provided a method of controlling a spark ignited internal combustion engine having a fuel injector which injects fuel directly into its combustion chamber. The method comprises injecting a total amount of fuel into a combustion chamber by early in a compression stroke during a cylinder cycle at a first engine speed. The method further comprises injecting a first stage of fuel into the combustion chamber during a cylinder cycle by an early in a compression stroke of the cylinder cycle, and injecting a second stage of fuel by late in the compression stroke during the cylinder cycle at a second engine speed less than the first engine speed, after injecting the first stage of fuel. The amount of the second stage fuel is greater than an amount of said first stage fuel. Accordingly, the first and second stage fuels may not be pre-ignited before the spark ignition.

Abstract: A print system having a printing apparatus and a post-processing apparatus, and a print control method thereof are capable of executing an inline job requiring printing by the printing apparatus and post-processing by the post-processing apparatus and an offline job that does not include print processing by the printing apparatus but requires post-processing by the post-processing apparatus, and allow a recovery process for carrying out unfinished processing in the inline job when the inline job is interrupted during execution thereof. On the other hand, if the offline job is interrupted, that offline job is canceled and, if there is a job that is unaffected by a cause of the interruption, execution of that job is allowed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a technique for automatically selecting compression/non-compression for each digital document upon archiving digital documents. Whether or not each digital document is to be stored in a compressed or non-compressed state is determined based on a predetermined reference. A digital document which is determined to be stored in a compressed state is controlled to be stored in the compressed state, and a digital document which is determined to be stored in a non-compressed state is controlled to be stored in the non-compressed state, thus generating an archive file. This disclosure relates to a technique for determining whether or not each digital document is to be uploaded to a server, and generating an archive file that stores abstract data of uploaded digital documents, and digital documents which are not uploaded, upon archiving digital documents.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The method may include closing said intake valve at a timing in a first range, which is before a maximum charge closing timing with which an amount of air inducted into said cylinder from said air intake passage would be maximized at a given engine speed, during a cylinder cycle when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is less than or equal to a predetermined air amount at the given engine speed. The method may further include closing said intake valve at a timing in a second range, which is after said maximum charge closing timing and separated from said first range during a cylinder cycle, when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is greater than said predetermined air amount at the given engine speed.

Abstract: A printer is caused to perform a checking print for a job in a case that a predetermined user's instruction is received via a user interface. The printer is caused to perform the checking print for the job without receiving the predetermined user's instruction in a case that the job meets a predetermined condition.

Abstract: In outputting printed products in a sorted state, an additional print job should also be output in a sorted state. For this purpose, when information representing the necessity of additional print of a printed product is input to a variable data printing application, a VD obtaining unit obtains a target record. A VDP generation unit generates a VDP job based on the record. Information for specifying the processing order of the additional print job is determined on the basis of the processing order of print jobs already sent to the print device and the information of the additional print job.

Abstract: Layout candidates to lay out and print a plurality of input jobs on one print sheet are created. Cutting lines on the print sheet and the number of times of rotation of the print sheet necessary in the cutting process are decided for a layout defined by each created layout candidate. Cutting difficulty corresponding to each layout candidate is calculated for each created layout candidate on the basis of the decided number of cutting lines and the decided number of times of rotation. A layout candidate having the lowest cutting difficulty among calculated cutting difficulties is selected as a layout for the jobs. Print data to print the jobs is generated on the basis of the selected layout.

Abstract: An apparatus generates a processing route defining a processing order of plural processing processes to process print data. In the apparatus, a selection unit selects devices that can process the print data according to output setting information, and a generation unit generates at least one processing route for processing the print data by combining the selected devices for executing the plural processing processes. The apparatus determines a security level of each generated processing route based on a defined condition, and determines a processing route for processing the print data based on the determined security level.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a technique for automatically selecting compression/non-compression for each digital document upon archiving digital documents. Whether or not each digital document is to be stored in a compressed or non-compressed state is determined based on a predetermined reference. A digital document which is determined to be stored in a compressed state is controlled to be stored in the compressed state, and a digital document which is determined to be stored in a non-compressed state is controlled to be stored in the non-compressed state, thus generating an archive file. This disclosure relates to a technique for determining whether or not each digital document is to be uploaded to a server, and generating an archive file that stores abstract data of uploaded digital documents, and digital documents which are not uploaded, upon archiving digital documents.

Abstract: A reflecting mirror of an X-ray reflecting device is produced by a spherical surface machining method, and when the device is used, a desired aspherical reflecting surface can be obtained by elastically deforming the mirror with application of an external force. The device has the mirror 11 and a support member 17. The mirror 11 is made of elastically deformable material. A surface 11a of the mirror 11 is finished by the spherical surface machining method. When the device is used, pressure is applied against a rear surface 11b of the mirror 11 and the mirror 11 is deformed into a desired aspherical shape.

Abstract: An X-ray laser generating apparatus comprises a laser oscillator for generating a pulse laser beam, a pulse train converter for converting the pulse laser beam into a pulse train laser beam, an optical device for focusing the pulse train laser beam to a thin line, a target material placed at the laser beam focused position and generating high temperature plasma containing highly charged ions with irradiation of the linearly focused pulse train laser beam, a vacuum chamber for keeping a vicinity of the irradiated region of the target material under a decompressed state, and a pair of X-ray reflecting mirrors positioned on both sides of the target material and on the extended thin line, and at least one of the paired mirrors partially transmits X-ray.