Abstract: A seat belt attachment determining unit of a rough terrain vehicle determines whether or not a seat belt is being worn by a vehicle occupant. In the case it is determined by the seat belt attachment determining unit that the vehicle occupant is wearing the seat belt, the ECU switches a transmission gear stage of an automatic transmission using a first speed change mode. On the other hand, in the case it is determined by the seat belt attachment determining unit that the vehicle occupant is not wearing the seat belt, the ECU switches the transmission gear stage using a second speed change mode.

Abstract: A determination unit in an ECU of a rough terrain vehicle determines a reverse running state in a case that an engine rotational speed of an engine decreases when a traveling drive force is generated in the rough terrain vehicle. Further, if the determination unit determines occurrence of the reverse running state, the ECU refers to a clutch hydraulic pressure map, and sets a target hydraulic pressure so as to decrease gradually over time.

Abstract: A method of controlling the electric current of a linear solenoid valve by performing pulse width modulation on a coil current for energizing a linear solenoid of the linear solenoid valve to adjust the hydraulic pressure of a working oil in a hydraulic clutch for transmitting and interrupting the rotational drive power from a power source to a drive wheel of a vehicle. The method includes setting the period of the pulse width modulation to a shorter value as the degree to which the hydraulic clutch is engaged increases from a disengaged state thereof. Here, the period of the pulse width modulation may be set in accordance with the variation of a duty ratio depending on the hydraulic pressure corresponding to the degree to which the hydraulic clutch is engaged.

Abstract: In a rough terrain vehicle, at a time of preparing to start movement, in a case that a left paddle switch and a right paddle switch are operated together with an accelerator pedal, an ECU disengages a clutch of an automatic transmission, and causes an output of an engine to increase. On the other hand, at a time of starting movement, in a case that the left paddle switch and the right paddle switch are returned to their initial positions, the ECU engages the clutch and transmits the output of the engine from the engine to vehicle wheels via the automatic transmission, to thereby rapidly start movement of the rough terrain vehicle.

Abstract: To allow a rider to sense torque in a low-speed traveling mode, a control device has a forward-and-reverse clutch oil pressure controller. In a low-speed traveling mode, the forward-and-reverse clutch oil pressure controller performs hunting control on driving torque, which is transmitted to a rear wheel from a crankshaft of an engine through a clutch device, a transmission, and a drive shaft, if vehicle speed stays within a second vehicle speed range for a predetermined time.

Abstract: A printer includes a carriage which includes an ink jet recording head and is movable in a first direction and a second direction that is an opposite direction to the first direction, a gear group which transmits power of a motor to a sheet transporter, a transporter drive motor which transmits power to the gear group, and a carriage drive motor which drives the carriage. At least a portion of the carriage drive motor and at least a portion of the gear group are at the same position as each other in a movement direction (x direction) of the carriage.

Abstract: A saddle-type vehicle that allows common use of a handle switch with a vehicle having no advancing-backing function and can suppress increase in the number of switches and the lowering of the layout efficiency of the switches. A saddle-type vehicle has a reverse mode setting input part that sets a reverse mode in which backing driving of the saddle-type vehicle is permitted and a control system that disables shift operation of a transmission by a shift-down switch and a shift-up switch and causes the saddle-type vehicle to advance through operation of the shift-down switch and to back through operation of the shift-up switch when the reverse mode is set.

Abstract: An image encoding method for an encoding system includes receiving a first image captured by a main camera and a second image captured by a sub camera provided in the same plane; comparing pixel values of pixels at first coordinates of each of the first and second images to obtain a first difference value; determining the first coordinates are in surface or back region in case of the first difference value is not more than or more than a first threshold value; pixel-shifting the second image by a first shift amount; and comparing the pixel value at the first coordinates of the first image with that of the second image after the pixel shift to obtain a second difference value, determining whether the first coordinates are in the surface or back region based on the second difference value, and recording into a second frame different from the first frame.

Abstract: A heat pump system using waste heat has a compression heat pump circuit that uses the shaft output of a power engine as a power source for a compressor for compressing refrigerant, and an absorption heat pump circuit using waste heat of the power engine as a heat source for a regenerator for heating absorbing liquid, refrigerant vaporized in the compression heat pump circuit is circulated to an absorber of the absorption heat pump circuit, the refrigerant is separated after regenerated by the regenerator, and the separated refrigerant is circulated in the compression heats pump circuit. The absorption heat pump circuit has a reverse pump R in a return pipe for absorbing liquid from the regenerator to the absorber, and the rotation energy of the reverse pump R can be withdrawn by a circulation pump P for the absorbing liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrolyte emulsion, the method including: Step (1) in which an ethylenic fluoromonomer and a fluorovinyl compound having an SO2Z1 group, wherein Z1 is a halogen element, are copolymerized at a polymerization temperature of 0° C. or higher and 40° C. or lower to provide a precursor emulsion containing a fluoropolymer electrolyte precursor; and Step (2) in which a basic reactive liquid is added to the precursor emulsion and the fluoropolymer electrolyte precursor is chemically treated, whereby an electrolyte emulsion with a fluoropolymer electrolyte dispersed therein is provided, wherein the electrolyte emulsion has an equivalent weight (EW) of 250 or more and 700 or less.

Abstract: Provided is an image reading apparatus including a first image reading unit which reads a surface of a medium which is transported along a transport path; a second image reading unit which reads a surface of the medium once the medium is mounted on a medium reading surface; and an opening/closing member switch between a closed position and an opened position with respect to the medium reading surface, in which at least a part of the medium reading surface overlaps at least a part of the first image reading unit in an apparatus height direction. In addition, at least a part of the opening/closing member overlaps at least a part of the first image reading unit in the apparatus height direction.

Abstract: Provided is a printer which includes a carriage which includes a recording head performing recording on a paper sheet, a transport driving roller which transports the paper sheet to the recording head side and is driven by a driving source, and a transport driven roller which is pressed to the transport driving roller, is rotationally driven in contact with the paper sheet, and has a diameter larger than that of the transport driving roller. The transport driving roller is located below a guide frame as a support member supporting the carriage and is located in an area of the guide frame in a paper transport direction (in other words, a y direction).

Abstract: A method for producing an electrolyte emulsion, the method including: Step (1) in which an ethylenic fluoromonomer and a fluorovinyl compound having an SO2Z1 group, wherein Z1 is a halogen element, are copolymerized at a polymerization temperature of 0° C. or higher and 40° C. or lower to provide a precursor emulsion containing a fluoropolymer electrolyte precursor; and Step (2) in which a basic reactive liquid is added to the precursor emulsion and the fluoropolymer electrolyte precursor is chemically treated, whereby an electrolyte emulsion with a fluoropolymer electrolyte dispersed therein is provided, wherein the electrolyte emulsion has an equivalent weight (EW) of 250 or more and 700 or less.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a method for producing a dispersion composition of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin comprising a copolymer represented by formula: wherein x and y represent numbers satisfying 0?x<1, 0?y<1, and x+y=1; Z represents H, Cl, F, or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; m represents an integer of 0 to 12; and n represents an integer of 0 to 2.

Abstract: A printer includes a carriage which includes an ink jet recording head and is movable in a first direction and a second direction that is an opposite direction to the first direction, a gear group which transmits power of a motor to a sheet transporter, a transporter drive motor which transmits power to the gear group, and a carriage drive motor which drives the carriage. At least a portion of the carriage drive motor and at least a portion of the gear group are at the same position as each other in a movement direction (x direction) of the carriage.

Abstract: An image encoding method for an encoding system includes receiving a first image captured by a main camera and a second image captured by a sub camera provided in the same plane; comparing pixel values of pixels at first coordinates of each of the first and second images to obtain a first difference value; determining the first coordinates are in surface or back region in case of the first difference value is not more than or more than a first threshold value; pixel-shifting the second image by a first shift amount; and comparing the pixel value at the first coordinates of the first image with that of the second image after the pixel shift to obtain a second difference value, determining whether the first coordinates are in the surface or back region based on the second difference value, and recording into a second frame different from the first frame.

Abstract: Provided is an image reading apparatus including a first image reading unit which reads a surface of a medium which is transported along a transport path; a second image reading unit which reads a surface of the medium once the medium is mounted on a medium reading surface; and an opening/closing member switch between a closed position and an opened position with respect to the medium reading surface, in which at least a part of the medium reading surface overlaps at least a part of the first image reading unit in an apparatus height direction. In addition, at least a part of the opening/closing member overlaps at least a part of the first image reading unit in the apparatus height direction.

Abstract: A printer includes a carriage which includes an ink jet recording head and is movable in a first direction and a second direction that is an opposite direction to the first direction, a gear group which transmits power of a motor to a sheet transporter, a transporter drive motor which transmits power to the gear group, and a carriage drive motor which drives the carriage. At least a portion of the carriage drive motor and at least a portion of the gear group are at the same position as each other in a movement direction (x direction) of the carriage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluoropolymer electrolyte material which has improved processability and which is easily produced. The electrolyte emulsion of the present invention comprises an aqueous medium and a fluoropolymer electrolyte dispersed in the aqueous medium. The fluoropolymer electrolyte has a monomer unit having an SO3Z group (Z is an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, hydrogen, or NR1R2R3R4, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 each are individually a C1-C3 alkyl group or hydrogen). The fluoropolymer electrolyte has an equivalent weight (EW) of 250 or more and 700 or less and a proton conductivity at 110° C. and relative humidity 50% RH of 0.10 S/cm or higher. The fluoropolymer electrolyte is a spherical particulate substance having an average particle size of 10 to 500 nm. The fluoropolymer electrolyte has a ratio (the number of SO2F groups)/(the number of SO3Z groups) of 0 to 0.01.

Abstract: An image encoding method for an encoding system includes receiving a first image captured by a main camera and a second image captured by a sub camera provided in the same plane; comparing pixel values of pixels at first coordinates of each of the first and second images to obtain a first difference value; determining the first coordinates are in surface or back region in case of the first difference value is not more than or more than a first threshold value; pixel-shifting the second image by a first shift amount; and comparing the pixel value at the first coordinates of the first image with that of the second image after the pixel shift to obtain a second difference value, determining whether the first coordinates are in the surface or back region based on the second difference value, and recording into a second frame different from the first frame.