Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer in this order from a viewing side, in which a first light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, a second light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on a non-viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, the first and second polarizers each have an absorption axis in a film surface, the absorption axis of the first polarizer is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the second polarizer, an angle ?1 between a transmittance central axis of the first anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°, and an angle ?2 between a transmittance central axis of the second anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°.

Abstract: A method of producing an absorbing polarizer which has a plurality of regions where directions of absorption axes are different from each other and has a curved surface portion. The method includes a step of forming a layer of a composition for forming a photo-alignment film that contains a photo-alignment agent on a surface of a resin base material, a step of forming the alignment film by irradiating the layer with ultraviolet rays of linearly polarized light via a lens, and aligning the photo-alignment agent, and a step of coating a surface of an alignment film with a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance. The alignment film has a curved surface portion and a plurality of regions where directions of an alignment regulating force are different from each other.

Abstract: Provided is a light absorption anisotropic film capable of preparing an image display device having excellent display performance and excellent durability, and a laminate and an image display device formed of the light absorption anisotropic film. The light absorption anisotropic film is used for an image display device, which is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, in which in a signal derived from the dichroic substance detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, a relationship between a maximum intensity Imax of the light absorption anisotropic film in a thickness direction and an intensity Isur1 in a surface of the light absorption anisotropic film on a viewing side of the image display device satisfies Expression (I-1) 2.0?Imax/Isur1.

Abstract: Provided is a laminate capable of reducing a change in hue of a reflected image in the surroundings (for example, window glass) from an original image, suppressing a hue shift of particularly the reflected image to redness, and suppressing the reflected image from being conspicuous, a reflection prevention system including this laminate, and an image display device including this laminate. The laminate includes a polarizer having an absorption axis in an in-plane direction, a light absorption anisotropic layer containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, and a linear polarization conversion layer, in which an angle between a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and a normal line of a layer plane of the light absorption anisotropic layer is 0° or greater and 45° or less.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element that suppresses ghosts where an absorbing polarizer having a curved surface portion is applied to an image display device formed of a reciprocation optical system. Further provided are a virtual reality display device, an electronic viewfinder, and a method of producing a polarizer. The optical element includes absorbing polarizers A and B, polarizer A having a curved surface portion, where a position X being of a surface of the polarizer A on a side of and closest to the side of polarizer B, a position Y being of a surface of the polarizer B on a side of polarizer A, closest to the position X, and a straight line L passing through the positions X and Y is drawn, a position Z is on the straight line L and beyond the position X when it the position X is observed from position Y.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal diffraction element in which chromatic aberration is small and diffraction efficiency is high in the liquid crystal diffraction element, and an image display apparatus and a head mounted display which use this diffraction element. The liquid crystal diffraction element includes an optically anisotropic layer that is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound, where the optically anisotropic layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating along at least one in-plane direction, and the optically anisotropic layer has at least a curved surface portion.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device capable of easily detecting an eye gaze. The object is achieved by providing an image display optical system; an infrared light source that irradiates an eyeball of a user with infrared light; a hologram element that transmits infrared light emitted by the infrared light source and reflected by the eyeball of the user; and an infrared light image sensor that images infrared light transmitted through the hologram element, in which the hologram element acts on infrared light without acting on visible light and emits reproduced infrared light with an intensity distribution in a plane direction corresponding to an eye gaze of the user.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device that includes a plurality of image display units disposed adjacent to each other and is capable of reducing an interval between image display surfaces of the adjacent image display units. The image display device includes a plurality of image display units and polarizers disposed on image display surface sides of the image display units, in which the image display units are disposed adjacent to each other, and the polarizers contain a dichroic substance and a liquid crystal compound.

Abstract: An object is to provide an eye gaze tracking system capable of easily detecting an eye gaze, and a virtual image display device using the same. The object is achieved by providing an infrared light source array, a virtual image generation optical system, and an infrared light detector, and by sequentially turning on infrared light sources of the infrared light source array, collimating rays of infrared light through the virtual image generation optical system, making the collimated rays of infrared light incident on a user's eye at different angles, respectively, and detecting, among the rays of infrared light incident on the eye, a ray of infrared light incident on a retina through a pupil and reflected by the retina through the infrared light detector.

Abstract: Provided is a virtual image display device where a scenery and a video can be displayed to be superimposed on each other and a field of view is wide. The virtual image display device includes: a transparent display; and an optical system that is disposed on a visible side with respect to the transparent display, in which the optical system includes a half mirror and a reflective polarizer, and at least one of the half mirror or the reflective polarizer has an action of a concave mirror.

Abstract: Provided are a thin aerial image display system that can display an aerial image and an input device capable of a touch operation on a video displayed in the air without touch on a screen. The aerial image display system includes: a half mirror; and a reflective member that is selected from the group consisting of a concave mirror, a Fresnel mirror, and a retroreflective member, in which the reflective member includes a reflective polarizer, and the reflective polarizer forms a reflecting surface of the reflective member.

Abstract: Provided is a viewing angle control polarizing plate that has asymmetric transmission characteristics, does not cause moire even in a case of being used in combination with a high-definition image display device, and is capable of easily following a curved surface and a viewing angle control system with high productivity. The viewing angle control system includes at least a first polarizer and an optically anisotropic layer, in which an absorption axis of the first polarizer forms an angle of 45° or greater with respect to an in-plane direction, and a main axis of a refractive index of the optically anisotropic layer is tilted in the in-plane direction.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated optical film including a reflective circular polarizer with high image sharpness of a reflected image, and an image display device formed of the laminated optical film. The object is achieved by providing the laminated optical film including at least a reflective circular polarizer, a retardation layer that converts circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, and a linear polarizer in this order, in which a surface of the reflective circular polarizer on a side opposite to the linear polarizer has a surface roughness Ra of 100 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided are a thin aerial image display system that can display an aerial image and an input device capable of a touch operation on a video displayed in the air without touch on a screen. The aerial image display system includes a reflective polarizer and a half mirror, in which the half mirror is any one of a concave mirror, a Fresnel mirror, or a retroreflective member of a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective type.

Abstract: Provided is a light absorption anisotropic film capable of preparing an image display device having excellent display performance and excellent durability, and a laminate and an image display device formed of the light absorption anisotropic film. The light absorption anisotropic film is used for an image display device, which is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, in which in a signal derived from the dichroic substance detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, a relationship between a maximum intensity Imax of the light absorption anisotropic film in a thickness direction and an intensity Isur1 in a surface of the light absorption anisotropic film on a viewing side of the image display device satisfies Expression (I-1) 2.0?Imax/Isur1.

Abstract: Provided is an optical laminate, an image display device, and a glass composite which are capable of sufficiently shielding light emitted in a direction oblique to a normal direction of a film without occurrence of moire even in a case of being used in a combination with a high-definition image display device. The optical laminate includes, in order, at least a first light absorption anisotropic layer, a refractive index anisotropic layer formed of a one or more layers that contain a liquid crystal compound having a twisted structure, and a second light absorption anisotropic layer, in which the first light absorption anisotropic layer and the second light absorption anisotropic layer contain an anisotropic absorbing material and each have an absorption axis that is aligned at an angle of 60° to 90° with respect to a film surface.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element that suppresses ghosts where an absorbing polarizer having a curved surface portion is applied to an image display device formed of a reciprocation optical system. Further provided are a virtual reality display device, an electronic viewfinder, and a method of producing a polarizer. The optical element includes absorbing polarizers A and B, polarizer A having a curved surface portion, where a position X being of a surface of the polarizer A on a side of and closest to the side of polarizer B, a position Y being of a surface of the polarizer B on a side of polarizer A, closest to the position X, and a straight line L passing through the positions X and Y is drawn, a position Z is on the straight line L and beyond the position X when it the position X is observed from position Y.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer in this order from a viewing side, in which a first light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, a second light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on a non-viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, the first and second polarizers each have an absorption axis in a film surface, the absorption axis of the first polarizer is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the second polarizer, an angle ?1 between a transmittance central axis of the first anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°, and an angle ?2 between a transmittance central axis of the second anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°.

Abstract: Provided is an optical laminate used for a viewing angle control system, and an image display device, including a light absorption anisotropic layer formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, a first adjacent layer in contact with one surface of the light absorption anisotropic layer, and a second adjacent layer in contact with a surface of the light absorption anisotropic layer opposite to the one surface, in which a content of the dichroic substance is 7.0% by mass or greater, an angle ?s between a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and a surface of the light absorption anisotropic layer in a normal direction is in a range of 5° to 60°, and both refractive indices n1 and n2 of the first and second adjacent layers, respectively, are in a range of 1.46 to 1.72.

Abstract: A viewing angle control system is used in combination with a high-definition image display device and sufficiently shields light emitted in a direction oblique to a normal direction of a film. The viewing angle control system includes at least a first polarizer, a retardation layer, and a second polarizer in this order, where an absorption axis of the first polarizer forms an angle of 45° or greater with respect to a surface, the retardation layer satisfies Expression (1): an in-plane retardation Re of the retardation layer satisfies an expression of 80 nm<Re<250 nm, and Expression (2): in a case of Nz=Rth/Re+0.5, an expression of 1.5<Nz<6 or ?5<Nz<?0.5 is satisfied, where Rth represents a retardation of the retardation layer in a thickness direction, and the second polarizer has an absorption axis in an in-plane direction.