Abstract: An injector nozzle used with an internal combustion engine for shaping a fluid flow is provided. The nozzle has a body and an orifice plate provided at an outlet of the body. The body and the plate extend symmetrically with respect to a central axis. The plate has an interior surface and an opposite exterior surface, which are substantially parallel to each other to define a thickness of the plate. The plate has fluid passageways each having an orifice on the exterior surface. The fluid flow diverges through the fluid passageways to create stream jets. The imaginary extensions the passageways converge to create a focal point and an included angle associated with the focal point.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a water injector for cooling the internal combustion engine by a spray of atomized water into the intake track or combustion chamber prior to ignition. The atomized water spray may be in the intake manifold or directly in the cylinder. The water is injected at a volume of between a ratio of about 95% fuel to about 5% water and about 50% fuel and about 50% water. The temperature of the internal combustion engine is maintained at between about 95° C. and about 200° C. during operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a water injector for cooling the internal combustion engine by a spray of atomized water into the intake track or combustion chamber prior to ignition. The atomized water spray may be in the intake manifold or directly in the cylinder. The water is injected at a volume of between a ratio of about 95% fuel to about 5% water and about 50% fuel and about 50% water. The temperature of the internal combustion engine is maintained at between about 95° C. and about 200° C. during operation.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an insert for a fluid nozzle is provided. The insert includes a plurality of passages oriented in included angles to produce colliding jets of a liquid at one or more focal points a specific distance away from the exits of the passages (in one example, the colliding jets of liquid increase fluid atomization and reduce liquid lengths). In one embodiment, the nozzle insert is cylindrical in shape. The insert may be housed, held, trapped or otherwise in material connection with an outer nozzle. The colliding jets of liquid may utilize the kinetic energy carried in particle to particle collision to improve liquid break-up in order to form smaller particles (resulting in high vaporization rates and shorter liquid lengths).

Abstract: The present application discloses a sustained release composition in pellet form, wherein the core of the pellet comprises: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a medicament; (b) 0.5 to 50% by weight of a water-soluble polymer; and (c) 1 to 25% by weight of a water-insoluble polymer applied as an aqueous latex dispersion and subsequently the water is removed, wherein the sum of the percentages of the medicament, the water-insoluble polymer and the water-soluble polymer is equal to or less than 100%. It also discloses methods of making this composition.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: A liquid injector for injection of liquids into internal combustion engines is provided. The injectors have a plurality of jets aimed at a common collision point, where at least two jet streams collide to create a finely atomized liquid due to kinetic energy dissipated by the impact of the liquid streams. The angle formed by the jets, the pressure applied and the distance at which the jets collide is such that the loss of forward momentum is greater than the energy required to create particles smaller than 5 microns. Liquids injected may include gasoline, diesel-type fuels, or water. The injectors may be employed for port injection or direct injection.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: An injector nozzle used with an internal combustion engine for guiding and shaping a fluid flow is provided. The injector nozzle has a fluid flow guide provided at an outlet of a nozzle body. The fluid flow guide has a plurality of fluid passageways for creating a plurality of stream jets. Each passageway has an orifice, through which a respective stream jet is discharged from a respective passageway. The imaginary extensions and the plurality of passageways converge to create at least one focal point, such that the plurality of stream jets impinge on each other to form a spray plume. The plurality of orifices of the fluid passageways are arranged on an imaginary circle on an exterior surface of the fluid flow guide. The plurality of orifices are radially asymmetrically distributed on the imaginary circle with respect to the central axis of the imaginary circle.

Abstract: An injector nozzle used with an internal combustion engine for shaping a fluid flow is provided. The nozzle has a body and an orifice plate provided at an outlet of the body. The body and the plate extend symmetrically with respect to a central axis. The plate has an interior surface and an opposite exterior surface, which are substantially parallel to each other to define a thickness of the plate. The plate has fluid passageways each having an orifice on the exterior surface. The fluid flow diverges through the fluid passageways to create stream jets. The imaginary extensions the passageways converge to create a focal point and an included angle associated with the focal point.

Abstract: A liquid injector atomizer for direct injection in to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided, with a supply of pressurized liquid a supply of pressurized gas, a body, and a nozzle with two or more orifices each for the liquid and the gas. Each orifice directs a jet of metered pressurized liquid or gas out of the injector body. At least two of the liquid jets are aimed at one or more collision points, where at least two gas jet streams collide at a same collision point or another collision point, thereby creating a finely atomized liquid.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a water injector for cooling the internal combustion engine by a spray of atomized water into the intake track or combustion chamber prior to ignition. The atomized water spray may be in the intake manifold or directly in the cylinder. The water is injected at a volume of between a ratio of about 95% fuel to about 5% water and about 50% fuel and about 50% water. The temperature of the internal combustion engine is maintained at between about 95° C. and about 200° C. during operation.

Abstract: A liquid injector atomizer for direct injection in to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided, with a supply of pressurized liquid a supply of pressurized gas, a body, and a nozzle with two or more orifices each for the liquid and the gas. Each orifice directs a jet of metered pressurized liquid or gas out of the injector body. At least two of the liquid jets are aimed at one or more collision points, where at least two gas jet streams collide at a same collision point or another collision point, thereby creating a finely atomized liquid.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a water injector for cooling the internal combustion engine by a spray of atomized water into the intake track or combustion chamber prior to ignition. The atomized water spray may be in the intake manifold or directly in the cylinder. The water is injected at a volume of between a ratio of about 95% fuel to about 5% water and about 50% fuel and about 50% water. The temperature of the internal combustion engine is maintained at between about 95° C. and about 200° C. during operation.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: A liquid injector for injection of liquids into internal combustion engines is provided. The injectors have a plurality of jets aimed at a common collision point, where at least two jet streams collide to create a finely atomized liquid due to kinetic energy dissipated by the impact of the liquid streams. The angle formed by the jets, the pressure applied and the distance at which the jets collide is such that the loss of forward momentum is greater than the energy required to create particles smaller than 5 microns. Liquids injected may include gasoline, diesel-type fuels, or water. The injectors may be employed for port injection or direct injection.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.