Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided equipped with an exhaust gas recirculating (EGR) system and means for internally cooling the exhaust gases by a spray of atomized water into the recirculated exhaust gases prior to ignition. The atomized water spray may be in the intake manifold or directly in the cylinder. The engine may employ spark or compression ignition. The internal combustion engine operates with compression ratios greater than 12:1 and lean air:fuel ratios. Also provided is a method for controlling the amount of exhaust gas recirculated in the engine, and for controlling the amount of water added. The inventive engines have elevated thermodynamic efficiencies and favorable NOx emissions.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: A hydrokinetic energy conversion system (HKECS) is provided, comprising design configurations suitable for efficient production of tidal or river in-stream kinetic energy into useful mechanical energy for tasks such as generating electricity or water pumping. The apparatus includes a set of blades with an airfoil cross sectional contour moving on a horizontal or vertical closed loop track, whereby the blades are propelled through the water by a net tangential lift force, rather than drag, to effectively convert the kinetic energy of flowing water to useful power.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of preparing beads coated with a water soluble drug for incorporation into a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) preparing a supersaturated drug solution containing a desired amount of drug, which is completely saturated at a first temperature but which is supersaturated at a second temperature which is below the first temperature; and (b) coating inert beads with the drug solution, said drug solution being maintained at or below the first temperature but above the second temperature, and said beads maintained at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature and wherein the solution containing the drug is supersaturated at the second temperature, as well as to the pharmaceutical compositions containing same.

Abstract: The present application discloses a sustained release composition in pellet form, wherein the core of the pellet comprises: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a medicament; (b) 0.5 to 50% by weight of a water-soluble polymer; and (c) 1 to 25% by weight of a water-insoluble polymer applied as an aqueous latex dispersion and subsequently the water is removed, wherein the sum of the percentages of the medicament, the water-insoluble polymer and the water-soluble polymer is equal to or less than 100%. It also discloses methods of making this composition.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical formulation is provided, for application directly to human skin comprising about 5% to 50% by weight of omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil or a vegetable source. The formulation may be an ointment or water-based emulsion. The formulation may be used to treat skin diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and is also useful as a general skin care or beauty product that reverses the effect of aging on the skin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition in oral dosage form consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a medicament and a hydrophobic material in the absence of a lactose or hydrophobic carbohydrate polymer, said medicament being present in an amount greater than about 25% of the pharmaceutical composition and having a water solubility greater than about 1 gram per 10 mL of water at 25° C., said hydrophobic material having a melting point ranging from at least about 40° C. to about 100° C. at 1 atm pressure, and being present in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 20% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition and in an amount less than the of the medicament, and said hydrophobic material not being present in coating of said pharmaceutical composition; said pharmaceutical composition being prepared by direct compression in the absence of or melting the hydrophobic material or the use of high shear mixer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a controlled release formulation in tablet form comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of an erythromycin derivative and a lubricating effective amount of a lubricant in the absence of material selected from the group consisting of alginic acid or salts thereof or hydrophilic sustained release polymers in amounts effective to retard the release of the erythromycin derivatives in the pharmaceutical composition. It is also directed to a method for facilitating the release of erythromycin derivative from a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a lubricating effective amount of a lubricant said method comprising adding to said composition an release promoter in tablet disintegrating effective amounts to facilitate the release of the erythromycin derivative from the tablet.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of preparing beads coated with a water soluble drug for incorporation into a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) preparing a supersaturated drug solution containing a desired amount of drug, which is completely saturated at a first temperature but which is supersaturated at a second temperature which is below the first temperature; and (b) coating inert beads with the drug solution, said drug solution being maintained at or below the first temperature but above the second temperature, and said beads maintained at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature and wherein the solution containing the drug is supersaturated at the second temperature, as well as to the pharmaceutical compositions containing same.

Abstract: A hydrokinetic energy conversion system (HKECS) is provided, comprising design configurations suitable for efficient production of tidal or river in-stream kinetic energy into useful mechanical energy for tasks such as generating electricity or water pumping. The apparatus includes a set of blades with an airfoil cross sectional contour moving on a horizontal or vertical closed loop track, whereby the blades are propelled through the water by a net tangential lift force, rather than drag, to effectively convert the kinetic energy of flowing water to useful power.

Abstract: The present application discloses a sustained release composition in pellet form, wherein the core of the pellet comprises: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a medicament; (b) 0.5 to 50% by weight of a water-soluble polymer; and (c) 25% by weight of a water-insoluble polymer applied as an aqueous latex dispersion and subsequently the water is removed, wherein the sum of the percentages of the medicament, the water-insoluble polymer and the water-soluble polymer is equal to or less than 100%. It also discloses methods of making this composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing sustained release tablets containing medicinal compounds and the products prepared by said process. The present invention is directed to a method of preparing a sustained release pharmaceutical composition having a predetermined drug release profile, but which is deviated therefrom by adding a tableting effective amount of a water insoluble or partially insoluble cellulose, to said pharmaceutical composition comprised of a drug in a therapeutically effective amount, and sustained release carrier present in amounts effective retard the release of the drug from the pharmaceutical composition and said cellulose, the latter being present in an aqueous system, the improvement comprising adding to the composition an effective amount of maltodextrin to retard the increase on the rate of release of the drug from the addition of said cellulose thereto.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of preparing beads coated with a water soluble drug for incorporation into a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) preparing a supersaturated drug solution containing a desired amount of drug, which is completely saturated at a first temperature but which is supersaturated at a second temperature which is below the first temperature; and (b) coating inert beads with the drug solution, said drug solution being maintained at or below the first temperature but above the second temperature, and said beads maintained at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature and wherein the solution containing the drug is supersaturated at the second temperature, as well as to the pharmaceutical compositions containing same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a controlled release formulation in tablet form comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of an erythromycin derivative and a lubricating effective amount of a lubricant in the absence of material selected from the group consisting of alginic acid or salts thereof or hydrophilic sustained release polymers in amounts effective to retard the release of the erythromycin derivatives in the pharmaceutical composition. It is also directed to a method for facilitating the release of erythromycin derivative from a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a lubricating effective amount of a lubricant said method comprising adding to said composition an release promoter in tablet disintegrating effective amounts to facilitate the release of the erythromycin derivative from the tablet.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the process of preparing a sustained release niacin tablet and the product prepared therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition in oral dosage form consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a medicament and a hydrophobic material in the absence of a lactose or hydrophobic carbohydrate polymer, said medicament being present in an amount greater than about 25% of the pharmaceutical composition and having a water solubility greater than about 1 gram per 10 mL of water at 25° C., said hydrophobic material having a melting point ranging from at least about 40° C. to about 100° C. at 1 atm pressure, and being present in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 20% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition and in an amount less than the of the medicament, and said hydrophobic material not being present in coating of said pharmaceutical composition; said pharmaceutical composition being prepared by direct compression in the absence of or melting the hydrophobic material or the use of high shear mixer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition in oral dosage form consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a medicament and a hydrophobic material in the absence of a lactose or hydrophobic carbohydrate polymer, said medicament being present in an amount greater than about 25% of the pharmaceutical composition and having a water solubility greater than about 1 gram per 10 mL of water at 25° C., said hydrophobic material having a melting point ranging from at least about 40° C. to about 100° C. at 1 atm pressure, and being present in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 20% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition and in an amount less than the of the medicament, and said hydrophobic material not being present in coating of said pharmaceutical composition; said pharmaceutical composition being prepared by direct compression in the absence of or melting the hydrophobic material or the use of high shear mixer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a coating composition for coating a solid dosage form of a medicament, where the coating composition controls the release of the medicament, said coating composition comprising (a) at least 50% (w/w) by dry weight of a water insoluble polymer insoluble in both acidic, basic and neutral pH, present in the form of an aqueous latex dispersion, (b) a water soluble non-polymeric component present in a weight ratio of about 5 to about 50% (w/w) by dry weight of the coating, having a molecular weight of less than about 15,000 daltons and water solubility in excess of 5 grams per 100 grams of water at room temperature at 1 atm pressure, said water soluble non-polymeric component being organic and either solid or liquid; said ratio of water insoluble polymer to water soluble non-polymeric component ranging from about 95:5 to about 1:1, the solid content in the coating composition ranges from about 5% to about 25%, said water soluble component being completely dissolved in the aqueo