Abstract: There is provided an organic electroluminescent display having excellent practicality that can be produced by a simple method which does not cause electrode breaking and can realize even thickness of an electroluminescent layer. There is also provided a pattern formed object having a coating as an electroluminescent layer or the like having even thickness, for an electroluminescent element, formed using a coating liquid and provided in each area surrounded by partition walls provided on a substrate. The electroluminescent display comprises at least a substrate, an electrode provided on the substrate, protrusions which each are provided on the substrate so as to cover the ends of the electrode and are convexly curved in section relatively to the surface of the substrate, and an electroluminescent layer provided in each opening which is located on the electrode and defined by adjacent protrusions.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an aqueous dispersion for electrodeposition which has excellent shelf life and can form thin, high dielectric constant films, as well as a high dielectric constant film formed from the aqueous dispersion and electronic parts provided with the high dielectric constant film. The aqueous dispersion for electrodeposition according to the invention is characterized in that organic particles with a mean particle size of no greater than 1 &mgr;m and a dielectric constant of at least 30 (titanium dioxide particles and the like) and organic particles composed of either or both a polymerizable compound and a polymer (polyimide-based resin and the like) are dispersed in an aqueous medium, allowing storage for a period of 7 days or longer at 20° C.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of the invention has conductive microparticles and organic particles dispersed in an aqueous medium and can form a conductive layer of a volume resistivity of for example 10−4 &OHgr;·cm or less by electrodeposition. A circuit board of the invention is equipped in an insulating layer and a conducting layer, which includes conducting through parts that pass through the insulating layer, and is favorably manufactured by the invention s method that includes an electrodeposition using an aqueous dispersion of the invention as a electrodeposition solution and using the conductive foil as one of the electrodes after closing the openings at one end of the through holes formed on the insulating layer by means of a conductive foil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing a layer of material from a synthetic resin or an organic acid ester of cellulose comprising: washing the layer from the substrate with an aqueous alkali solution with a temperature of at least 105° C., and then washing the alkali solution from the substrate. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a pressure vessel used for the above method, comprising a longitudinal cylindrical body having a circular cross-section, an end plate connected to the top of the cylindrical body and an inverted end plate connected to the lower part of the cylindrical body in a manner such that its convex part faces upwards wherein the pressure vessel has a strainer plate and a stirring blade inside the cylindrical body.

Abstract: The dielectric-forming composition according to the invention is characterized by consisting of:

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an aqueous dispersion for electrodeposition which has excellent shelf life and can form thin, high dielectric constant films, as well as a high dielectric constant film formed from the aqueous dispersion and electronic parts provided with the high dielectric constant film. The aqueous dispersion for electrodeposition according to the invention is characterized in that organic particles with a mean particle size of no greater than 1 &mgr;m and a dielectric constant of at least 30 (titanium dioxide particles and the like) and organic particles composed of either or both a polymerizable compound and a polymer (polyimide-based resin and the like) are dispersed in an aqueous medium, allowing storage for a period of 7 days or longer at 20° C.

Abstract: A transfer sheet has a base layer and a specific surface layer. In a plot graph with load P (mN) as ordinate and the square of indentation depth A (&mgr;m) as abscissa, plotted when the tip of a diamond triangular pyramid penetrator having a dihedral angle of 80° is pressed in on the side of the surface layer, the plot graph has a first flexing point that appears first, a first region extending from the first flexing point to zero and a second-and-further region subsequent to the first flexing point, and a gradient H of the graph in the first region is 0.09 mN/&mgr;m2 or smaller. Also disclosed are image-forming methods making use of such a transfer sheet. The transfer sheet has a superior effect of keeping dot toner images from scattering at the time of transfer. The base layer is paper made from pulp.

Abstract: To improve the water squeezing function of a shoe press belt for papermaking, the wet web side layer of a main body of the belt is composed of a high molecular weight elastic material, and the wet web facing surface of the wet web side layer is made hydrophobic. Water, squeezed from the wet web under compression in a shoe press, and transferred to the surface of the wet web side layer of the belt through a felt, may be shaken off reliably before the belt is again subjected to compression.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus in which an image forming device has developing device for developing an electrostatic image formed on an image bearing member. The developing device has a first developing section for developing use of a first cyan toner, a second developing section for developing by use of a first magenta toner, a third developing section for developing by use of a yellow toner, a fourth developing section for developing by use of a second cyan toner that is lighter than the first cyan toner, and a fifth developing section for developing by use of a second magenta toner that is lighter than the first magenta toner. A sixth developing section is provided for developing by use of a black toner. A first rotator supports the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth developing devices, and a second rotator supports the fourth and fifth developing devices.

Abstract: A transfer sheet has a base layer and a specific surface layer. In a plot graph with load P (mN) as ordinate and the square of indentation depth A (&mgr;m) as abscissa, plotted when the tip of a diamond triangular pyramid penetrator having a dihedral angle of 80° is pressed in on the side of the surface layer, the plot graph has a first flexing point that appears first, a first region extending from the first flexing point to zero and a second-and-further region subsequent to the first flexing point, and a gradient H of the graph in the first region is 0.09 mN/&mgr;m2 or smaller. Also disclosed are image-forming methods making use of such a transfer sheet. The transfer sheet has a superior effect of keeping dot toner images from scattering at the time of transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing a layer of material from a synthetic resin or an organic acid ester of cellulose comprising: washing the layer from the substrate with an aqueous alkali solution with a temperature of at least 105° C., and then washing the alkali solution from the substrate. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a pressure vessel used for the above method, comprising a longitudinal cylindrical body having a circular cross-section, an end plate connected to the top of the cylindrical body and an inverted end plate connected to the lower part of the cylindrical body in a manner such that its convex part faces upwards wherein the pressure vessel has a strainer plate and a stirring blade inside the cylindrical body.

Abstract: A package for housing a semiconductor element includes a substrate of electrically insulating material and having a semiconductor element-mounting portion at an upper surface thereof onto which the semiconductor element is mounted. The substrate has a plurality of depression portions at a lower surface thereof, and a plurality of metallized wiring layers lead out from the periphery of the semiconductor element-mounting portion and extend to the bottom surfaces of the depression portions. A plurality of connection pads formed on the bottom surfaces of the depression portions are electrically connected to the metallized wiring layers. Terminals which are attached to the connection pads each have a ball-like protruding portion at the lower surface of the insulating substrate and comprise non-eutectic solder. The package may be provided with metallic pads formed on the lower surface of the insulating substrate, and metallic balls attached to the metallic pads.

Abstract: A polyimide-based composite according to the invention is formed using a precursor comprising (A) a polyimide component and (B) another polymer component, wherein the polyimide forms a continuous phase and the other polymer forms a discontinuous phase, and the elastic modulus is less than 10 GPa. This structure provides both the properties of insulation, etc. contributed by the polyimide and the properties of low elastic modulus and satisfactory adhesion, moldability, etc. contributed by the other polymer. The polyimlde-based aqueous dispersion of the invention has dispersed therein particles with a mean particle size of 0.03-5 &mgr;m comprising the precursor of the polyimide-based composite, the dispersed particles including in the same particles the (A) polyimide component and (B) other polymer component comprising a hydrophilic polymer. This gives satisfactory storage stability to the aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: A low dielectric constant composition with a dielectric constant of 4 or less is disclosed. The composition comprises a matrix resin and crosslinked resin particles having an average particle diameter in the range from 0.03 to 10 .mu.m, the crosslinked resin particles being prepared by the polymerization of 1-100 wt % of cross-linking monomers and 0-99 wt % of non-cross-linking monomers, having a dielectric constant of 3 or less, and having a 50 ppm or less average concentration of metal ions. The composition exhibits superior insulation properties and capable of producing an insulating material and sealing material with a low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss tangent (tan .delta.). An insulating material and a sealing material comprising this low dielectric composition and a circuit board provided with the insulating material or sealing material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A transfer device including a transfer electrode to which a voltage of a polarity opposite to that of a charged toner is applied, and an insulating support member which makes pressure contact with the image bearing body and supports the transfer electrode in a manner such that the transfer electrode is out of contact with the image bearing body and in contact with a copy sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a charger for charging the image bearing member, the charger including a magnetic brush including magnetic particles contacted to the image bearing member; a developing device for developing an electrostatic image on the image bearing member, wherein the developing device includes a developer carrying member which is press-contacted to the image bearing member, and is movable in a direction opposite from a movement direction of the image bearing member at a portion where they are press-contacted to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides production methods for aqueous dispersion slurry of inorganic particles which are so stable as not to increase in viscosity, gel or sediment even if stored for a long time and whose average particle diameter is 0.01 to 2 .mu.m. As such production method, 2 production methods are available:A production method (A) having a preliminary dispersion process in which the inorganic particles are added to ad dispersed in an aqueous medium and a main dispersion process in which dispersed slurry out of the preliminary dispersion process are collided with each other under a pressure of 100 to 3,000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; andA production method (B) in which the inorganic particles are added to an aqueous medium within a kneading tank of a kneader in which mixing blades rotate around respective subsidiary spindles and the subsidiary spindles revolves around a spindle and dispersed at a solid concentration of 30 to 70 wt %.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member; an electrostatic image forming device for forming an electrostatic image on the image bearing member, the electrostatic image forming device including a charging member, contactable to the image bearing member, for charging the image bearing member; developing device for developing the electrostatic image with toner to form a toner image on the image bearing member; a transfer device for transferring the toner image onto the transfer material from the image bearing member, wherein the developing device is capable of cleaning the image bearing member to remove residual toner from the image bearing member, without provision of cleaning device for removing the residual toner from the image bearing member at a position upstream of the charging member and downstream of the transfer device with respect to a moving direction of the image bearing member; and a charge application device, provided upstream of the charging member and downstream of the t

Abstract: A process for producing modified cross-linked polymer particles which comprises polymerizing 0.01 to 900 parts by weight of (B) a monomer component containing 50% by weight or more of at least one member selected from the group consisting of aromatic monoalkenyl compounds, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, fluoroalkyl acrylates, fluoroalkyl methacrylates, unsaturated carboxylic acids, conjugated diene compounds, vinyl esters and organosilane compounds in the presence of 100 parts by weight of (A) cross-linked polymer particles obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising 50% by weight or more of at least one cross-linking monomer selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing device, a charger contactable to the image bearing device for effecting contact charging of the image bearing device, the charger being supplied with a voltage having a DC component and an AC component, and the charger being provided with an electrode for receiving the voltage; wherein the following is satisfied: when an electric field formed between the image bearing device and the electrode is not more than .vertline.E/d.sub.SD .vertline. (V/m), a resistance of the charger per unit area of contact between the image bearing device and the charger is larger than20E/(wCV.sub.DC) (.OMEGA.m.sup.2)and is larger than the resistance when the electric field is more than .vertline.(E+V.sub.DC)/d.sub.SD .vertline. (V/m)where E(V) is an amplitude of the AC component; w(rad) is an angular velocity of the AC component; d.sub.SD (m) is a minimum distance between the electrode and the image bearing device; C(F/m.sup.