Abstract: A method of mass analysis and a mass spectrometer are provided wherein a batch of ions is accumulated in a mass analyser; the batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyser is detected using image current detection to provide a detected signal; the number of ions in the batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyser is controlled using an algorithm based on a previous detected signal obtained using image current detection from a previous batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyser; wherein one or more parameters of the algorithm are adjusted based on a measurement of ion current or charge obtained using an independent detector located outside of the mass analyser.

Abstract: A method of mass analysis and a mass spectrometer are provided wherein a batch of ions is accumulated in a mass analyzer; the batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyzer is detected using image current detection to provide a detected signal; the number of ions in the batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyzer is controlled using an algorithm based on a previous detected signal obtained using image current detection from a previous batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyzer; wherein one or more parameters of the algorithm are adjusted based on a measurement of ion current or charge obtained using an independent detector located outside of the mass analyzer.

Abstract: A radar sensor including an antenna array having multiple antenna elements situated next to one another and at least one feeding point at an outer antenna element. The antenna elements are connected in series via delay lines. The radar sensor has at least two transmitting and receiving units which are each suitable for generating and evaluating a radar signal at a predefined frequency. The at least two transmitting and receiving units are connected to a feeding point of the antenna array. The frequencies of the radar signals of the at least two transmitting and receiving units are predefinable independently of one another.

Abstract: An antenna has an antenna body having a plurality of first antenna elements, which are disposed along a first straight line. A hollow conductor, which extends between the first antenna elements, is disposed in the antenna body. The first antenna elements are developed as openings running between the hollow conductor and a surface of the antenna body. The antenna is designed to radiate a signal in a spatial direction that is a function of a frequency of the signal. The antenna body has an electrically insulating material that is coated with a conductive material.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing a mass spectrum, comprising: obtaining a transient from the oscillation of ions in a mass analyser; Fourier transforming the transient to obtain a complex spectrum having a real component and an imaginary component; and calculating an enhanced spectrum which comprises a combination of (i) and (ii) wherein (i) comprises a Positive spectrum; and (ii) comprises an Absorption spectrum. Also provided are an apparatus for producing a mass spectrum suitable for carrying out the method as well as a method of determining a phase correction for a complex spectrum obtained by Fourier transformation from a detected transient obtained from a mass analyser.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mass spectrometry method having steps of: transmitting ions from an ion source through a mass filter; processing ions received from the mass filter in a discontinuous ion optical device downstream of the mass filter; operating the mass filter for a plurality of periods in a mass/charge ratio (m/z) filtering mode to transmit ions in one or more selected ranges of m/z to the discontinuous ion optical device; and operating the mass filter in a broad mass range mode transmitting ions of a mass range substantially wider than any mass range transmitted in the m/z filtering mode during one or more periods in which the discontinuous ion optical device is not processing ions from the mass filter. Utilization of this method assists to reduce contamination in the mass filter.

Abstract: This invention relates to mass spectrometry that includes ion trapping in at least one of the stages of mass analysis. In particular, although not exclusively, this invention relates to tandem mass spectrometry where precursor ions and fragment ions are analysed. A method of mass spectrometry is provided comprising the sequential steps of: accumulating in an ion store a sample of one type of ions to be analysed; accumulating in the ion store a sample of another type of ions to be analysed; and mass analysing the combined samples of the ions; wherein the method comprises accumulating the sample of the one type of ions and/or the sample of another type of ions to achieve a target number of ions based on the results of a previous measurement of the respective type of ions.

Abstract: This invention relates to mass spectrometry that includes ion trapping in at least one of the stages of mass analysis. In particular, although not exclusively, this invention relates to tandem mass spectrometry where precursor ions and fragment ions are analyzed. A method of mass spectrometry is provided comprising the sequential steps of: accumulating in an ion store a sample of one type of ions to be analyzed; accumulating in the ion store a sample of another type of ions to be analyzed; and mass analyzing the combined samples of the ions; wherein the method comprises accumulating the sample of the one type of ions and/or the sample of another type of ions to achieve a target number of ions based on the results of a previous measurement of the respective type of ions.

Abstract: A method of mass analysis and a mass spectrometer are provided wherein a batch of ions is accumulated in a mass analyser; the batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyser is detected using image current detection to provide a detected signal; the number of ions in the batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyser is controlled using an algorithm based on a previous detected signal obtained using image current detection from a previous batch of ions accumulated in the mass analyser; wherein one or more parameters of the algorithm are adjusted based on a measurement of ion current or charge obtained using an independent detector located outside of the mass analyser.

Abstract: This invention relates to mass spectrometry that includes ion trapping in at least one of the stages of mass analysis. In particular, although not exclusively, this invention relates to tandem mass spectrometry where precursor ions and fragment ions are analysed. A method of mass spectrometry is provided comprising the sequential steps of: accumulating in an ion store a sample of one type of ions to be analysed; accumulating in the ion store a sample of another type of ions to be analysed; and mass analysing the combined samples of the ions; wherein the method comprises accumulating the sample of the one type of ions and/or the sample of another type of ions to achieve a target number of ions based on the results of a previous measurement of the respective type of ions.

Abstract: An antenna has an antenna body having a plurality of first antenna elements situated along a first straight line. The antenna body includes a first conductive grounded surface and a second conductive grounded surface, the first and second grounded surfaces being situated essentially parallel to one another. A dielectric is situated between the first and second grounded surfaces. A signal conductor is also situated between the first and second grounded surfaces. The first antenna elements are designed as apertures situated above the signal conductor in the first grounded surface. Furthermore, the antenna is designed to emit a signal in a direction in space, depending on a frequency of the signal. At least two of the first antenna elements differ from one another in such a way that their power emissions are different.

Abstract: A transmitting device for electromagnetic radiation includes a waveguide having an input for coupling an electromagnetic wave into the waveguide, and multiple openings in the waveguide for emitting the electromagnetic wave. A controllable closure element is provided for selectively closing at least one of the openings with respect to the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: This invention relates to mass spectrometry that includes ion trapping in at least one of the stages of mass analysis. In particular, although not exclusively, this invention relates to tandem mass spectrometry where precursor ions and fragment ions are analysed. A method of mass spectrometry is provided comprising the sequential steps of: accumulating in an ion store a sample of one type of ions to be analysed; accumulating in the ion store a sample of another type of ions to be analysed; and mass analysing the combined samples of the ions; wherein the method comprises accumulating the sample of the one type of ions and/or the sample of another type of ions to achieve a target number of ions based on the results of a previous measurement of the respective type of ions.

Abstract: A radar sensor including an antenna array having multiple antenna elements situated next to one another and at least one feeding point at an outer antenna element. The antenna elements are connected in series via delay lines. The radar sensor has at least two transmitting and receiving units which are each suitable for generating and evaluating a radar signal at a predefined frequency. The at least two transmitting and receiving units are connected to a feeding point of the antenna array. The frequencies of the radar signals of the at least two transmitting and receiving units are predefinable independently of one another.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of trapping ions and to an ion trapping assembly. In particular, the present invention has application in gas-assisted trapping of ions in an ion trap prior to a mass analysis of the ions in a mass spectrometer. The invention provides a method of trapping ions in a target ion trap of an ion trapping assembly that comprises a series of volumes arranged such that ions can traverse from one volume to the next, the volumes including the target ion trap, whereby ions are allowed to pass repeatedly through the volumes such that they also pass into and out from the target ion trap without being trapped. Potentials may be used to reflect the ions from respective ends of the ion trapping assembly. Optionally, a potential well and/or gas-assisted cooling may be used to cause the ions to settle in the target ion trap.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mass spectrometer including a reaction cell and to a method of using such a mass spectrometer. In particular, although not exclusively, this invention relates to a tandem mass spectrometer and to tandem mass spectrometry. The invention provides a method of mass spectrometry using a mass spectrometer having a longitudinal axis, comprising guiding ions to travel along the longitudinal axis of the mass spectrometer in a forwards direction to pass through an intermediate ion store and then to enter a reaction cell, to process the ions within the reaction cell, to eject the processed ions to travel back along the longitudinal axis to enter the intermediate ion store once more, and to eject one or more pulses of the processed ions in an off-axis direction to a mass analyser.

Abstract: A device and a method for evaluating a signal that can indicate the respiration of a person, particularly suitable for examining a patient with respect to the occurrence of sleep-related breathing disturbances. In one example, a device for evaluating a signal indicative of the temporal course of the respiration of a patient, in particular a respiratory flow signal, includes an electronic evaluation program or circuitry which is configured in such a manner that it evaluates the signal by continuously generating intermediate evaluation results for short signal periods and for longer signal periods being parallel thereto, and performs an identification of respiratory patterns in the time signal or in specific time periods on the basis of the position of the intermediate evaluation results of the short signal periods relative to the intermediate evaluation results of the longer signal periods.

Abstract: An antenna has an antenna body having a plurality of first antenna elements, which are disposed along a first straight line. A hollow conductor, which extends between the first antenna elements, is disposed in the antenna body. The first antenna elements are developed as openings running between the hollow conductor and a surface of the antenna body. The antenna is designed to radiate a signal in a spatial direction that is a function of a frequency of the signal. The antenna body has an electrically insulating material that is coated with a conductive material.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing a mass spectrum, comprising: obtaining a transient from the oscillation of ions in a mass analyser; Fourier transforming the transient to obtain a complex spectrum having a real component and an imaginary component; and calculating an enhanced spectrum which comprises a combination of (i) and (ii) wherein (i) comprises a Positive spectrum; and (ii) comprises an Absorption spectrum. Also provided are an apparatus for producing a mass spectrum suitable for carrying out the method as well as a method of determining a phase correction for a complex spectrum obtained by Fourier transformation from a detected transient obtained from a mass analyser.

Abstract: A method of processing Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) data includes performing a Fourier Transform of a part of a time domain transient and identifying from that transformed data signal peaks representative of the presence of ions. After peak identification, the full transient is then transformed, and the peaks identified in the partial transient transform are used to locate true peaks in the transformed full transient. The number of ‘false’ peaks resulting from random noise has been found to correlate to the resolution, so that using a partial transient to identify true peaks reduces the risk of false peaks being included; nevertheless this information can then be applied to the full data set when transformed. As an alternative, different parts of the full data set can be transformed and then correlated; because any noise will be random, false peaks should occur at different places in the two partial transforms.