Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide an etching agent for a semiconductor substrate, which is capable of etching a titanium (Ti)-based metal film or a tungsten (W)-based metal film on a semiconductor substrate and an etching method using relevant etching agent, and relates to a liquid for preparing the etching agent for a semiconductor substrate composed of a solution comprising (A) hydrogen peroxide, (B) a phosphonic acid chelating agent having a hydroxyl group, (C) a basic compound, and (D-1) a copper anticorrosive and/or (D-2) 0.

Abstract: Provided is a focused ion beam apparatus including a gas field ion source, the gas field ion source including: an emitter (41) for emitting an ion beam (1); an ion source chamber (40) for containing the emitter (41); a gas supply unit (46) for supplying nitrogen to the ion source chamber (40); an extracting electrode (49) to which a voltage for ionizing the nitrogen and for extracting nitrogen ions is applied; and a temperature control unit (34) for cooling the emitter (41).

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling power fluctuations in a network including a plurality of nodes are disclosed. A node in the network may be configured to modify power levels in accordance with either an active state or an inactive state. The node may transition to an inactive state in response to a power change that exceeds a power change threshold. The role of the node in controlling the power fluctuation in the network is reduced in the inactive state.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide an etching agent for a semiconductor substrate, which is capable of etching a titanium (Ti)-based metal film or a tungsten (W)-based metal film on a semiconductor substrate and an etching method using relevant etching agent, and relates to a liquid for preparing the etching agent for a semiconductor substrate composed of a solution comprising (A) hydrogen peroxide, (B) a phosphonic acid chelating agent having a hydroxyl group, (C) a basic compound, and (D-1) a copper anticorrosive and/or (D-2) 0.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor surface treating agent composition, which can realize easy removing of an anti-reflection coating layer in a production process of a semiconductor device or the like at a low temperature in a short time, a method for treating a semiconductor surface using the same, and further a semiconductor surface treating agent composition, which can realize not only removing of both layer of an anti-reflection coating layer and a resist layer, but can realize even removing of a cured resist layer produced in an etching process, and a method for treating a semiconductor surface using the same. The semiconductor surface treating agent composition of the present invention is characterized by comprising a compound which generates a fluorine ion in water, a carbon radical generating agent, and water and optionally an organic solvent, and the method for treating a semiconductor surface of the present invention is characterized by using the composition.

Abstract: A tunable asymmetric interleaver constructed from two symmetric interleavers in series, wherein either or both of the individual symmetric interleavers exhibit a wavelength shifting ability. Advantageously, tunable asymmetric interleavers so constructed provide continuous tunable interleaving ratios from 0:100 to 50:50 to 100:0 and provide attractive upgrade paths for existing and future DWDM networks and applications.

Abstract: In an engineering tool, the control logic is divided into the plurality of logic sheets to be edited, a connection having sheet connection information for defining a connection relationship between the logic sheets is described on the logic sheet, and the control logic is displayed on the display screen of a display device so as to begin a new page of the logic sheets of the control logic in units of the logic sheet in the control logic. In the engineering tool, a button function operable on the display screen is provided to a button function. When the connection is operated with a pointer, one of the logic sheets defined by the sheet connection information possessed by the operated connection is used as a new-page candidate, and a reduced list of the logic sheets of the new-page candidates is displayed on the display screen.

Abstract: A network element provides an interworking function between plural networks. The network element includes a first network forwarding function block for forwarding packets in a first network, a first network control function block for controlling the first network forwarding function block, a second network forwarding function block for forwarding frames along a connection-oriented path in a second network, and a second network control function block for controlling the second network forwarding function block.

Abstract: A radiation-curable resin composition comprising an inorganic component containing a silica particle composed of a hydrolyzate of an oligomer of an alkoxysilane and a monomer and/or an oligomer thereof, wherein viscosity at 25° C. is from 1,000 to 10,000 centipoises.

Abstract: There is provided a power steering apparatus comprising a torque sensor detecting a steering torque capable of discriminating a normal input and an inverse input without a torsion bar. An intermediate gear engaging with rack teeth provided in an outer surface of a rack shaft and a pinion provided in a lower portion of a pinion shaft is interposed between both the rack tooth and the pinion. A force applied to the pinion shaft is detected by a first force sensor, a force applied to a support shaft of the intermediate gear is detected by a second force sensor, and a torque detection value capable of discriminating the normal input and inverse input is calculated by a torque calculating unit to which outputs of both the sensors are given.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling power fluctuations in a network including a plurality of nodes are disclosed. A node in the network may be configured to modify power levels in accordance with either an active state or an inactive state. The node may transition to an inactive state in response to a power change that exceeds a power change threshold. The role of the node in controlling the power fluctuation in the network is reduced in the inactive state.

Abstract: A radiation-curable composition capable of giving a cured product which has excellent transparency, mechanical strength and an excellent balance between surface hardness and resistance to deformation by heat/humidity; the cured product; and a multilayer structure which has a layer of the cured product and is suitable for use as an optical recording medium, etc, are provided A radiation-curable composition which comprises a monomer having a radiation-curable group and gives a cured product having the following properties: (1) when the cured product has a thickness of 100±5 ?m, the cured product has a light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm of 80% or higher; (2) a multilayer structure where a layer of the cured product having a thickness of 100±5 ?m is formed on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) film having a thickness of 100±5 ?m, has a surface hardness of HB or higher; and (3) when a multilayer structure where the cured product having a thickness of 100±5 ?m is formed on a disk made of a polycarbonate havi

Abstract: There is provided a power steering apparatus comprising a torque sensor detecting a steering torque capable of discriminating a normal input and an inverse input without a torsion bar. An intermediate gear engaging with rack teeth provided in an outer surface of a rack shaft and a pinion provided in a lower portion of a pinion shaft is interposed between both the rack tooth and the pinion. A force applied to the pinion shaft is detected by a first force sensor, a force applied to a support shaft of the intermediate gear is detected by a second force sensor, and a torque detection value capable of discriminat ing the normal input and inverse input is calculated by a torque calculating unit to which outputs of both the sensors are given.

Abstract: A flexible waveband deaggregator/aggregator design is disclosed, including an embodiment that utilizes flexible band tunable filters and an embodiment that utilizes tunable interleavers. An optical cross-connect design is also disclosed which utilizes the flexible waveband deaggregators and which can replace a core all-optical switch with a fiber interconnect matrix.

Abstract: A tunable asymmetric interleaver constructed from two symmetric interleavers in series, wherein either or both of the individual symmetric interleavers exhibit a wavelength shifting ability. Advantageously, tunable asymmetric interleavers so constructed provide continuous tunable interleaving ratios from 0:100 to 50:50 to 100:0 and provide attractive upgrade paths for existing and future DWDM networks and applications.

Abstract: A flexible band tunable filter design is disclosed which is capable of selecting any single channel or multiple of adjacent channels in a waveband of an optical signal in an optical communication network. The flexible band tunable filter has particular application in wavelength division multiplexing communication networks.

Abstract: A flexible waveband deaggregator/aggregator design is disclosed, including an embodiment that utilizes flexible band tunable filters and an embodiment that utilizes tunable interleavers. An optical cross-connect design is also disclosed which utilizes the flexible waveband deaggregators and which can replace a core all-optical switch with a fiber interconnect matrix.

Abstract: An improved optical add/drop multiplexer design is disclosed which utilizes flexible band tunable filters and colorless demultiplexers to process any contiguous group of channels. A modular optical add/drop architecture is also disclosed which allows additional processing capabilities to be added module by module in a cost-effective fashion.

Abstract: A radiation-curable resin composition comprising an inorganic component containing a silica particle composed of a hydrolyzate of an oligomer of an alkoxysilane and a monomer and/or an oligomer thereof, wherein viscosity at 25° C. is from 1,000 to 10,000 centipoises.

Abstract: A wavelength variable filter (111) separates an input signal into a passing signal and an intermediate output signal. A wavelength variable filter (112) separates the intermediate output signal into a dropped signal and an extended output signal. An interleaver (120) separates the dropped signal into individual dropped channels. An intrerleaver (220A) multiplexes a plurality of addition channels into an added signal. A wavelength variable filter (212) multiplexes the added signal and an extended input signal to produce an intermediate input signal. A wavelength variable filter (211) multiplexes the passing signal and the intermediate input signal into an output signal. A wavelength setting portion (100) sets a wavelength of each wavelength variable filter in accordance with operation of an operator.