Abstract: A spinnable indicator for transit stops has a disc having a front side and a rear side, the front side having a reflective portion and a non-reflective portion, and a mounting bracket, wherein the disc is spinnably coupled to the mounting bracket, the mounting bracket mountable to a pole or beam. The reflective portion creates high visibility at night. In one method of use, a prospective passenger approaches a spinnable indicator, and, when a bus or other transit unit is approaching, spins the spinnable indicator. The reflective portion on the front side of the spinnable indicator alerts the driver that a prospective passenger is waiting transit.

Abstract: A method of storing data on a blockchain, such as the bitcoin blockchain, is disclosed. The method comprises generating a blockchain transaction having at least one first input and/or at least one first output containing first data (<Content 1>) to be stored on the blockchain, and at least one second input and/or at least one second output containing second data (<Attribute 1>,<Attribute 2>) representing at least one attribute of the first data. At least one second input and/or at least one second output is separate from the or each first input and/or first output.

Abstract: A spinnable indicator for transit stops has a disc having a front side and a rear side, the front side having a reflective portion and a non-reflective portion, and a mounting bracket, wherein the disc is spinnably coupled to the mounting bracket, the mounting bracket mountable to a pole or beam. The reflective portion creates high visibility at night. In one method of use, a prospective passenger approaches a spinnable indicator, and, when a bus or other transit unit is approaching, spins the spinnable indicator. The reflective portion on the front side of the spinnable indicator alerts the driver that a prospective passenger is waiting transit.

Abstract: Methods and related systems are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method includes determining a distance between a tow vessel and a predetermined point along a line being towed by the tow vessel. In addition, the method includes adjusting a length of the line from the tow vessel. Further, the method includes determining a change in the distance a predetermined amount of time after adjusting the length of the line. Still further, the method includes determining whether a difference between the change in the distance and the adjustment of the length exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Methods and related systems are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method includes determining a distance between a tow vessel and a predetermined point along a line being towed by the tow vessel. In addition, the method includes adjusting a length of the line from the tow vessel. Further, the method includes determining a change in the distance a predetermined amount of time after adjusting the length of the line. Still further, the method includes determining whether a difference between the change in the distance and the adjustment of the length exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: An image of a visual scene, comprising a plurality of pixels. is acquired and an associated range map is either determined therefrom or separately acquired. Elements of the range map comprise distances from the camera for each pixel of the image. In one aspect, either the image or the range map is processed with a connected-components sieve filter that locates clusters of pixels or elements that are connected to one another along either adjacent rows, columns or diagonally. In another aspect, a cross-range value of range-map element is compared with a down-range-responsive cross-range threshold of a boundary of a collision-possible space and the pixel or element is nulled or ignored if associated with a location that is not in the collision-possible space. The collision-possible space is responsive to an operating condition of a vehicle from which the image is acquired.

Abstract: A redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a non-volatile catholyte solution flowing fluid communication with the cathode, the catholyte solution comprising a polyoxometallate redox couple being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode, wherein the polyoxometallate is represented by the formula: Xa[ZbMcOd] Wherein X is selected from hydrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and combinations of two or more thereof; Z is selected from B, P, S, As, Si, Ge, Ni, Rh, Sn, Al, Cu, I, Br, F, Fe, Co, Cr, Zn, H2, Te, Mn and Se and combinations of two or more thereof; M comprises W and optionally one or more of

Abstract: An image of a visual scene, comprising a plurality of pixels. is acquired and an associated range map is either determined therefrom or separately acquired. Elements of the range map comprise distances from the camera for each pixel of the image. In one aspect, either the image or the range map is processed with a connected-components sieve filter that locates clusters of pixels or elements that are connected to one another along either adjacent rows, columns or diagonally. In another aspect, a cross-range value of range-map element is compared with a down-range-responsive cross-range threshold of a boundary of a collision-possible space and the pixel or element is nulled or ignored if associated with a location that is not in the collision-possible space. The collision-possible space is responsive to an operating condition of a vehicle from which the image is acquired.

Abstract: A range map of a visual scene generated by a stereo vision and associate image processing system, and is filtered to remove objects beyond a region of interest and for which a collision is not possible, and to remove an associated road surface. Objects clustered in range bins are separated by segmentation. A composite range map is generated using principale components analysis and processed with a connected-components sieve filter. Objects are identified using one or more of a harmonic profile and other features using an object recognition processor using a combination of inclusive, exclusive and harmonic networks to generate a classification metric.

Abstract: Methods of forming titanium-containing films by atomic layer deposition are provided. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula I: wherein: R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is C1-C6-alkoxy or amino, wherein the amino is optionally independently substituted 1 or 2 times with C1-C6-alkyl.

Abstract: Methods of forming a metal-containing film by atomic layer deposition is provided. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula II: wherein: M is Hf or Zr; R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is C1-C6-alkoxy. Further methods are provided of forming a metal-containing film by liquid injection atomic layer deposition. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula III: wherein: M is Hf or Zr; R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is amino, wherein the amino is optionally independently substituted 1 or 2 times with C1-C6-alkyl.

Abstract: Methods of forming a metal-containing film by atomic layer deposition is provided. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula II: wherein: M is Hf or Zr; R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is C1-C6-alkoxy. Further methods are provided of forming a metal-containing film by liquid injection atomic layer deposition. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula III: wherein: M is Hf or Zr; R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is amino, wherein the amino is optionally independently substituted 1 or 2 times with C1-C6-alkyl.

Abstract: Methods of forming titanium-containing films by atomic layer deposition are provided. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula I: wherein: R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is C1-C6-alkoxy or amino, wherein the amino is optionally independently substituted 1 or 2 times with C1-C6-alkyl.

Abstract: An image processing system adapted to image an area around a vehicle includes an image processor adapted to receive information indicative of an image of an area proximate to the vehicle automatically captured by an image capturing device. The image processor includes logic to analyze the information indicative of the image proximate to the vehicle and automatically determine whether the information indicative of the image of an area proximate to the vehicle is indicative of at least one predetermined environment. This image processing system can be utilized for crash prevention and crash recording. This image processing system can be utilized to identify an increased likelihood of crash and/or the occurrence of a crash and/or to implement crash avoidance and/or crash safety devices.

Abstract: A range map of a visual scene generated by a stereo vision and associate image processing system, and is filtered to remove objects beyond a region of interest and for which a collision is not possible, and to remove an associated road surface. Objects clustered in range bins are separated by segmentation. A composite range map is generated using principle components analysis and processed with a connected components sieve filter. Objects are identified using one or more of a harmonic profile and other features using an object recognition processor using a combination of inclusive, exclusive and harmonic networks to generate a classification metric.

Abstract: A camera (32) captures successive images of light stripes (22) projected onto an object by a light curtain (18) positioned by a light source positioner (28). A background image is subtracted (616) therefrom, and the resulting image is boosted by binning (618), binarized with a thresholding algorithm (620), skeletonized (622), interpolated (624) and stored (626). Interpolated images are acquired for a plurality of light stripes (22). A processor (30) generates (1604) a 3-D surface model from Cartesian coordinates computed for non-zero camera pixels. A volumetric representation is determined (1610) from the offset of the object surface model relative to a model of a proximate surface, e.g. a seating surface (24). The object is classified (1614), e.g. by a trainable pattern recognitions system, responsive to 3-D shape descriptors (1606) of the 3-D surface model and to the volumetric representation (1610) or portions (1612) thereof.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is an image processing system adapted to image an area around a vehicle, comprising an image processor adapted to receive information indicative of an image of an area proximate to the vehicle automatically captured by an image capturing device, wherein the image processor includes logic to analyze the information indicative of the image proximate to the vehicle and automatically determine whether the information indicative of the image of an area proximate to the vehicle is indicative of at least one predetermined environment. In some embodiments, this image processing system is utilized for crash prevention and crash recording. In some embodiments, this image processing system is utilized to identify an increased likelihood of crash and/or the occurrence of a crash and/or to implement crash avoidance and/or crash safety devices.

Abstract: An eye-safe light curtain is generated by a plurality of LED's illuminating a cylindrical lens having a corrugated cylindrical surface. A camera generates a first image of an avoidance zone boundary of an air bag inflator with the light curtain off, and a second image of with the light curtain on along the avoidance zone boundary. The first image is subtracted from the second image, and the resulting difference image is binned to enhance signal strength. A penetration of the avoidance zone is classified from features of the leading edge of the binned image, and the air bag inflator is disabled if the avoidance zone is penetrated by an occupant at risk of injury from the deployment thereof. An image of the light curtain may be recovered for high ambient lighting conditions by adapting the exposure time of the camera responsive to the percentage of pixels in a mask region of the first image having values exceeding a threshold.

Abstract: A camera (32) captures successive images of light stripes (22) projected onto an object by a light curtain (18) positioned by a light source positioner (28). A background image is subtracted (616) therefrom, and the resulting image is boosted by binning (618), binarized with a thresholding algorithm (620), skeletonized (622), interpolated (624) and stored (626). Interpolated images are acquired for a plurality of light stripes (22). A processor (30) generates (1604) a 3-D surface model from Cartesian coordinates computed for non-zero camera pixels. A volumetric representation is determined (1610) from the offset of the object surface model relative to a model of a proximate surface, e.g. a seating surface (24). The object is classified (1614), e.g. by a trainable pattern recognitions system, responsive to 3-D shape descriptors (1606) of the 3-D surface model and to the volumetric representation (1610) or portions (1612) thereof.

Abstract: Methods of forming titanium-containing films by atomic layer deposition are provided. The methods comprise delivering at least one precursor to a substrate, wherein the at least one precursor corresponds in structure to Formula I: wherein: R is C1-C6-alkyl; n is zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; L is C1-C6-alkoxy or amino, wherein the amino is optionally independently substituted 1 or 2 times with C1-C6-alkyl.