Abstract: Provided here are new methods to identify specific families of mammalian odorant receptors for odorants or aroma, particularly indole and skatole malodors and their use in assays that may be used to discover compounds that modulate (blocking, enhancing, masking or mimicking compounds) their activity. Orphan mouse odorant receptors are identified from olfactory sensory neurons that respond to target compounds. The resulting receptors as well as their human counterparts can be screened in assays against test compounds to confirm their identity as odorant or aroma receptors, particularly malodor receptors and subsequently discover for example modulators that inhibit the perception of the malodor in humans.

Abstract: Provided here are new methods to identify specific families of mammalian odorant receptors for odorants or aroma, particularly indole and skatole malodors and their use in assays that may be used to discover compounds that modulate (blocking, enhancing, masking or mimicking compounds) their activity. Orphan mouse odorant receptors are identified from olfactory sensory neurons that respond to target compounds. The resulting receptors as well as their human counterparts can be screened in assays against test compounds to confirm their identity as odorant or aroma receptors, particularly malodor receptors and subsequently discover for example modulators that inhibit the perception of the malodor in humans.

Abstract: A midsole element to be mounted to the lower surface of an insole of a shoe as a heel, wherein the midsole element has a upper surface adapted to be mounted on the lower surface of the insole and a lower surface, wherein the midsole element comprises a core and a resilient compression element being softer than the core. The midsole element allows a pivoting movement of the upper surface of the midsole element against the lower surface of the midsole element in, at least, an essentially transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the midsole element in a mounted state, wherein the core has a form of a rounded cone or sphere within the resilient compression element. The midsole element can also be mounted to the lower surface of a shoe under the forefoot portion, wherein the core has the form of a round ridge.

Abstract: Provided here are new methods to identify specific families of mammalian odorant receptors for odorants or aroma, particularly indole and skatole malodors and their use in assays that may be used to discover compounds that modulate (blocking, enhancing, masking or mimicking compounds) their activity. Orphan mouse odorant receptors are identified from olfactory sensory neurons that respond to target compounds. The resulting receptors as well as their human counterparts can be screened in assays against test compounds to confirm their identity as odorant or aroma receptors, particularly malodor receptors and subsequently discover for example modulators that inhibit the perception of the malodor in humans.

Abstract: A midsole element to be mounted to the lower surface of an insole of a shoe as a heel, wherein the midsole element has a upper surface adapted to be mounted on the lower surface of the insole and a lower surface, wherein the midsole element comprises a core and a resilient compression element being softer than the core. The midsole element allows a pivoting movement of the upper surface of the midsole element against the lower surface of the midsole element in, at least, an essentially transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the midsole element in a mounted state, wherein the core has a form of a rounded cone or sphere within the resilient compression element. The midsole element can also be mounted to the lower surface of a shoe under the forefoot portion, wherein the core has the form of a round ridge.

Abstract: A shoe having an outsole and an insole. The outsole has an upper surface in contact with the lower surface of the insole. The upper surface of the outsole has at least two depressions being complementary with embossments provided on the lower surface of the insole, allowing a pivoting movement of the front and/or back portion of the insole against the lower outsole surface of the shoe in, at least, an essentially transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the shoe, when the foot wearing the shoe is pivoted against the ground. To support this movement the insole is more rigid than the outsole and is attached to the outsole.

Abstract: A shoe comprises a sole and an insole. The sole comprises an upper surface being in contact with the lower surface of the insole. Said upper surface of the sole comprises at least two depressions being complementary with embossments provided on the lower surface of the insole, allowing a pivoting movement of the front and/or back portion of the insole against the lower outsole surface of the shoe in, at least, an essentially transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the shoe, when the foot wearing the shoe is pivoted against ground. To support this movement the insole is more rigid than the outsole and is attached to the outsole.