Abstract: A continuous process for alkylating an alkylatable hydrocarbon in the presence of a acid-type catalyst in which the alkylatable hydrocarbon is contacted with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst in a reaction zone so as to alkylate the alkylatable hydrocarbon. The reaction product is separated in an acid settler vessel into an alkylate product phase, located in the upper portion of the first separation zone, and a catalyst phase located in the lower portion of the first separation zone. The catalyst phase is further separated into a first portion and second portion, such that the first portion is cooled and recycled for use in the alkylation reaction zone as a catalyst recycle, and the second portion is passed into a second separation zone, wherein the catalyst phase is further separated into a rerun catalyst stream containing acid-type catalyst and an acid soluble oil stream. The rerun catalyst stream is passed into the hydrocarbon phase of the acid settler vessel.

Abstract: A continuous process for alkylating an alkylatable hydrocarbon in the presence of a acid-type catalyst. The reaction product is separated in a first separation zone into an alkylate product phase, located in the upper portion and a catalyst phase located in the lower portion. The catalyst phase is separated into a first portion and second portion, the first portion is cooled and recycled for use in the alkylation reaction zone, and the second portion is passed into a second separation zone, wherein the second portion catalyst phase is further separated into a hot rerun catalyst stream and an acid soluble oil stream. The rerun catalyst stream is passed into the alkylate product phase of the first separation zone. In order to prevent excessive pressure in the first separation zone as a result of the hot rerun catalyst stream, two liquid hydrocarbon drawoffs from the first separation zone are employed.

Abstract: In a combination alkylation-methyltertiary butyl ether (MTBE) operation, the unreacted C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbons produced by etherification are contacted with molecular sieves to absorb 2-butenes and the 1-butenes remaining in the stream are divided so that one portion is subjected to double bond isomerization to form 2-butenes for alkylation and another portion is subjected skeletal isomerization to form isobutene for etherification.

Abstract: In a combination alkylation-methyltertiary butyl ether (MTBE) operation, isobutane vapor side-draw and bottoms product yield from the alkylation fractionation, respectively, are used to indirectly heat the mid-section and reboil section of the methyltertiary butyl ether fractionator for heat conservation, beneficiating both the alkylation operation and the MTBE operation.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor employs the following components to produce non-uniform gas flow patterns.(a) a precombustion chamber skewed at an angle of 30-60 degrees from the reactor axis, comprising:(1) offset tangential hot gas entries(2) axial or offset multiple oil feed entries(b) an optional venturi which can be offset from the reactor axis and/or asymmetric in form.

Abstract: MTBE is recovered from an ether containing effluent by fractionation. When driers are not used on the hydrocarbon feed to MTBE manufacture, a separate water-methanol phase occurs in the fractionation overhead which is separately processed in a methanol fractionator and the water recovered is used to water wash the separated hydrocarbon phase from the overhead while methanol is recycled to MTBE and when driers are used on the hydrocarbon feed a separate methanol phase occurs in the fractionation overhead which can be recycled to MTBE manufacture and the hydrocarbon phase is directly passed to a drier preceding alkylation.

Abstract: A method for removing organic fluorides from HF alkylation propane in which a stream of relatively pure liquid HF obtained by settling liquid HF from the liquefied hydrocarbon passed to the overhead accumulator common for both the depropanizing column and a hydrogen fluoride stripping column is intimately contacted with a stream of liquid hydrocarbon containing organic fluorides derived from condensing the mixed overhead vapor from a depropanizing column and overhead vapor from an HF stripping column in the process of separating products from a hydrogen fluoride alkylation. In preferred embodiments, the contacting takes place in the static mixer.

Abstract: In an HF alkylation process, ASO is separated from HF acid catalyst in a fractionation zone by heating the fractionation zone with a condensible stream comprising liquid and vaporous components. In the process of condensation, latent heat is evolved which is used to effectuate the separation of ASO and HF acid catalyst and dilution of the separated ASO is achieved with the use of the produced condensate.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor to produce non-uniform gas flow patterns utilizes(a) a precombustion chamber skewed at an angle of 30-60 degrees from the reactor axis with(1) offset tangential hot gas entries,(2) axial or offset multiple oil feed entries,(b) an optional venturi which can be offset from the reactor axis and/or asymmetric in form.

Abstract: A process combination, with inter-cooperation, for producing high-octane alkylates comprising(a) dehydrogenating isopentane to isopentenes (amylenes),(b) introducing the mixture of said amylenes and unconverted isopentane into an HF alkylation unit for reaction with fresh or recycled isobutane,(c) separating the alkylation products into high octane alkylates, isopentane (for recycling to the dehydrogenation reactor) and isobutane (for recycling to the alkylation reactor).

Abstract: A process for maintaining HF acid soluble oils (ASO) in an HF alkylation reaction zone in an amount sufficient to ensure formation of an alkylate containing a high octane number is provided by returning to the reaction zone a portion of acid soluble oil recovered from an HF catalyst rerun system.

Abstract: Dialkyl ether is produced by passing isoolefin, alkanol and diluent through a series of catalyst zones, cooling the effluent between zones and adding isoolefin and/or alkanol between zones.

Abstract: Propylene and butylenes are separately acid alkylated with at least one isoparaffin. Expansion and liquid-vapor separation is utilized to separate the propylene from the butylenes. The use of expansion and separation improves the energy efficiency of the alkylation process. The energy efficiency of the alkylation process is further improved by utilizing the bottoms product from the acid stripper associated with the isostripper to cool the acid being supplied to the riser reactor. The size requirements of the isostripper are also reduced by using liquid-vapor separation to remove at least a portion of the unreacted isoparaffin from the alkylated butylenes.

Abstract: A process is provided for the alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins in the presence of an HF acid catalyst comprising separating a liquid hydrocarbon phase from the alkylation effluent, subjecting the hydrocarbon phase to HF stripping, separating the stripped hydrocarbon into a liquid and a vapor phase, fractionating the liquid phase into product streams, and pressurizing the vaporous stream prior to separation of C.sub.3 and lighter materials. The HF alkylation process utilizes indirect heat exchange of various streams and compression of HF-free vapors.

Abstract: A process is provided for the simultaneous and separate alkylation of an isoparaffin such as isobutane with different olefins, e.g., propylenes and butylenes in different zones with an HF acid catalyst comprising separating the hydrocarbon phase from each of the alkylation effluents, subjecting each hydrocarbon phase to separate HF stripping, fractionating the liquid phases removed from each of the HF stripping zones, pressurizing the vaporous isoparaffin stream recovered from fractionation and utilizing the pressurized vaporous streams for indirect heat exchange with HF strippers and fractionation zones prior to recycling through alkylation.

Abstract: A pinned shaft and correspondingly a pinned shell are described having the pins attached to the cylindrical surfaces in such a manner that all of the pins are arranged in a geometrically symmetrical pattern of squares or equilateral triangles or equilateral hexagons with the further provision that the pins are not arranged along straight lines or on circles. By this arrangement of pins a very uniform action of the pins is achieved, the pin density being constant over the entire pinned shaft and the distance between adjacent pins being identical all over the pinned shell. A carbon black pelleting device incorporating such a pinned shaft.

Abstract: A wet pelleting apparatus essentially comprises a cylindrical shell and a shaft having pelleting pins affixed thereto, usually in a helical arrangement. In cross-sectional area taken at right angles to the axis of the shaft which is substantially concentrically disposed within the shell, the annulus formed between the shaft and the configuration given to it and the shell inner wall and the configuration given to it decreases and increases as the plane of cross-section is moved from the feed end of the apparatus to the discharge end thereof. In one embodiment, the shaft has an undulating or repetitive hourglass configuration and the inner wall of the shell is rectilinear. In another, the inner wall of the shell can be given an undulating configuration. In a third, both the wall and shaft surfaces can be formed so as to cause, according to the invention, alternate compression and decompression of particles being pelleted.

Abstract: Particles being pelleted, e.g., flocculent carbon black being pelleted with water, are passed through alternating zones of increasing and decreasing pressure. An apparatus is disclosed in which a cylindrical shell comprises a rotatable shaft located substantially on the longitudinal axial center line of the shell. The shaft has pins positioned thereon forming at least one helix with alternate decreasing and increasing pitches along the helix thus to effect compression and expansion actions on the mass in the pelleter, thereby producing a narrow size range of pellets.

Abstract: By manipulating the degree of stripping of the used or spent catalyst leaving the cracker, the afterburning in a regenerator is controlled both efficiently and rapidly.

Abstract: In an HF alkylation of an isoparaffin, e.g., isobutane, with olefins, the hydrocarbon phase from the HF reactor effluent settler is charged to an HF separation zone. HF-free bottoms from the HF separation zone are charged to an isobutane stripper thereby producing HF-free isobutane vapor as overhead. The heat available in the isobutane vapor overhead is then utilized by compressing the vapor and using it as additional heat exchange fluid prior to being recycled to the HF alkylation. The compressed vapor can, for example, be used to reboil the HF separation zone, e.g., an HF stripper, heat the inner-heater on the isobutane stripper, and heat the depropanizer inner heater.