Abstract: A driving device, comprising a hand-held housing with a piston element arranged therein for transmission of energy to a fastening element to be driven in a driving direction, a propellant charge, and a combustion chamber, which is arranged between the propellant charge and the piston element and extends around a central axis, and an actuator, by which energy to be transmitted from the propellant charge to the piston element can be varied in such that the energy can be set, wherein the combustion chamber has an internal thread and a cylindrical guiding portion, wherein the actuator is arranged in the combustion chamber and has an external thread in engagement with the internal thread and a bearing for mounting the actuator in the guiding portion, wherein a thread gap spacing between the external and internal threads is greater than a bearing gap spacing between the bearing and the guiding portion.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a braking device, in particular a parking brake device, which comprises an actuator having an electric motor that displaces an actuator element as desired into a brake application position or into a brake release position, wherein the electric motor is controlled in dependence upon a motor constant and an electrical resistance of the electric motor, characterized in that as the actuator element is displaced a prevailing motor input voltage and a prevailing motor current are ascertained, and that the motor constant and the electrical resistance are determined in dependence upon the ascertained motor input voltage and the ascertained motor current.

Abstract: A method for setting the clamping force acting on a wheel brake, a part of the clamping force being provided using an electromechanical brake device and simultaneously another part of the clamping force being provided using a hydraulic brake device. During an application procedure, the power consumption of the electric motor-driven brake device is regulated to an essentially constant value in an operating phase (phase 4), in which both brake devices simultaneously exert force, so as to set the clamping force of the parking brake very precisely.

Abstract: A method for providing the clamping force generated by an electric brake motor in a parking brake, the clamping force being determined as a function of the motor constants of the brake motor based on instantaneous measured values of the motor current and the motor voltage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a braking device, in particular a parking brake device, which comprises an actuator having an electric motor that displaces an actuator element as desired into a brake application position or into a brake release position, wherein the electric motor is controlled in dependence upon a motor constant and an electrical resistance of the electric motor, characterized in that as the actuator element is displaced a prevailing motor input voltage and a prevailing motor current are ascertained, and that the motor constant and the electrical resistance are determined in dependence upon the ascertained motor input voltage and the ascertained motor current.

Abstract: A method for providing the clamping force generated by an electric brake motor in a parking brake, the clamping force being determined as a function of the motor constants of the brake motor based on instantaneous measured values of the motor current and the motor voltage.

Abstract: A method for setting the clamping force acting on a wheel brake, a part of the clamping force being provided using an electromechanical brake device and simultaneously another part of the clamping force being provided using a hydraulic brake device. During an application procedure, the power consumption of the electric motor-driven brake device is regulated to an essentially constant value in an operating phase (phase 4), in which both brake devices simultaneously exert force, so as to set the clamping force of the parking brake very precisely.

Abstract: A brake system for a vehicle having a sensor device for providing a first and second sensor signal, a first and a second brake control device, which are directly connected to the sensor device and to provide a corresponding control signal for the first and/or second sensor signal, and a first and a second signal line for transmitting the control signal, the first signal line directly connecting the first brake control device to a first and second wheel actuator device and the second signal line directly connecting the second brake control device to a third and fourth wheel actuator device, the four wheel actuator devices exerting a braking torque corresponding to the control signal on the associated wheel, and the first wheel actuator device being directly connected to the second brake control device and/or the sensor device. A method for operating a brake system for a vehicle is also provided.

Abstract: A brake system for a vehicle having a sensor device for providing a first and second sensor signal, a first and a second brake control device, which are directly connected to the sensor device and to provide a corresponding control signal for the first and/or second sensor signal, and a first and a second signal line for transmitting the control signal, the first signal line directly connecting the first brake control device to a first and second wheel actuator device and the second signal line directly connecting the second brake control device to a third and fourth wheel actuator device, the four wheel actuator devices exerting a braking torque corresponding to the control signal on the associated wheel, and the first wheel actuator device being directly connected to the second brake control device and/or the sensor device. A method for operating a brake system for a vehicle is also provided.

Abstract: A method of mutual monitoring of components of a distributed computer system for a safety-relevant application in a motor vehicle in particular. The components are interconnected by at least one communication system. To make the mutual monitoring of components as simple and comprehensible as possible and to save on additional hardware components for monitoring, in a plurality of components of the computer system an internal monitoring function which detects faults in the monitored component and a mutual monitoring function which performs a mutual check on results determined by the components and makes a majority selection from the results are implemented, and both the result of the internal monitoring function and the results of the mutual monitoring functions are taken into account in a decision as to whether there is a fault in a component.

Abstract: A device for controlling a steer-by-wire steering system in a vehicle, in which redundantly generated sensor signals for regulating a steering motor and for a feedback actuator that transfers the restoring torques from the road to the driver via the steering wheel are received by a control device and plausibility checks of the sensor signals are performed therein and in an operatively associated monitoring module. Microcomputer module and monitoring module monitor each other reciprocally. An auxiliary level for the SbW steering system is monitored by the control device which, in the case of error, switches to this auxiliary level or a mechanical auxiliary level. To further increase safety, the steering wheel motor is triggered via control signals for its phase currents and by a steering wheel motor enable signal, and the steering motor is triggered via control signals for its phase currents and via a steering motor enable signal.

Abstract: A method of mutual monitoring of components of a distributed computer system for a safety-relevant application in a motor vehicle in particular. The components are interconnected by at least one communication system. To make the mutual monitoring of components as simple and comprehensible as possible and to save on additional hardware components for monitoring, in a plurality of components of the computer system an internal monitoring function which detects faults in the monitored component and a mutual monitoring function which performs a mutual check on results determined by the components and makes a majority selection from the results are implemented, and both the result of the internal monitoring function and the results of the mutual monitoring functions are taken into account in a decision as to whether there is a fault in a component.

Abstract: A method of triggering a component in a distributed safety-related system, e.g., a component of an X-by-wire system in a motor vehicle, is described. The component is triggered by a first triggering module assigned to the component and including at least one first microcomputer system. To monitor the microcomputer system, a monitoring unit which is independent of the first microcomputer system is provided. In addition to the first microcomputer system, the distributed safety-related system includes at least one additional microcomputer system which is connected to the first microcomputer system for the purpose of data transfer, e.g., via a physical databus. The additional microcomputer systems assume the functions of the monitoring unit. Thus, it is possible to do without a separate monitoring unit.

Abstract: A method for steering a vehicle and a steering system are provided, in which a variable torque support of the driver's steering wish and intervention in the position of the steered wheels triggered by a driving dynamics regulator are implementable without mutually interfering with one another. In addition, further additional functions, such as the lane guidance system of the vehicle, may be integrated into a steering system easily and either with or without compensation of the steering feel at the steering wheel.

Abstract: A device for controlling a steer-by-wire steering system in a vehicle is described. The redundantly generated sensor signals (&dgr;v1, &dgr;v2, &dgr;H1, &dgr;H2) for regulating a steering motor (LM) and for a feedback actuator (LRM) that transfers the restoring torques from the road to the driver via the steering wheel are received by a control device having the form of a microcomputer (RM) and plausibility checks of the sensor signals are performed therein and in an operatively associated monitoring module (ÜM). Microcomputer module (RM) and monitoring module (ÜM) monitor each other reciprocally. An auxiliary level for the steer-by-wire steering system is also monitored by the control device (RM) which, in the case of error, switches to this auxiliary level or a mechanical auxiliary level.

Abstract: A dispersed control system for use in a vehicle. The dispersed control system includes a plurality of electrical control units that exchange data via a communication system. The system includes at least two power sources that are independent of each other and that supply each of the plurality of electrical control units with a voltage. The communication system includes at least two channels, and bus drivers are provided in each electrical control unit so that each channel is supplied with a voltage from a different one of the at least two power sources.

Abstract: A dispersed control system for use in a vehicle. The dispersed control system includes a plurality of electrical control units that exchange data via a communication system. The system includes at least two power sources that are independent of each other and that supply each of the plurality of electrical control units with a voltage. The communication system includes at least two channels, and bus drivers are provided in each electrical control unit so that each channel is supplied with a voltage from a different one of the at least two power sources.

Abstract: An electric brake system for a motor vehicle includes a first unit which receives operating signals from at least one driver-operated brake operating element and determines the setpoints for controlling the wheel brakes on the basis of the operating signals. The electric brake system also includes second units assigned to the wheel brakes of the motor vehicle to convert the setpoints into control signals for the wheel brakes. The second units are each assigned individually to an individual wheel brake, and each includes a self-monitoring microcomputer system. At least one of the second units is assigned to the front wheel brakes, and at least one unit is assigned to the rear wheel brakes. At least the second unit assigned to the front wheel brakes is redundantly connected to the other units via two communication systems.

Abstract: An electrical braking system for a motor vehicle has a controller which detects the actuation of a service-brake operator element, determines therefrom at least one driver's braking input for the brake control, and supplies this set point value to control units for controlling the wheel brakes. This controller also detects the actuation of a parking-brake operator element, determines therefrom a parking-brake input of the driver, and links this parking-brake input with the braking input for the service brake to form the total braking input. An electrical braking system for a motor vehicle includes at least one control unit which is allocated to at least one wheel brake. The controller controls an actuator for actuating the wheel brake on the basis of a setpoint value. The actuator has an electric motor and a locking device, in particular, a disengaging device. To actuate the wheel brake via the electric motor, the locking device is released.

Abstract: A steer-by-wire steering system comprised of an electronically regulated steering positioner mounted to the steering gear of the front axle or to both front wheels of a vehicle together with an electronic steering regulator and a feedback actuator. A sensor senses the driver's selected direction from the steering wheel. Road feedback can be relayed to the driver through a feedback actuator via the steering wheel. The loss of road feel caused by the absence of the steering column, which normally strongly influences the driver's directional wish, is recreated by the feedback actuator.