Abstract: A method of detection of an analyte includes implementing a scan routine using a detector array that is electrically connected to a transmit circuit and electrically connected to a receive circuit, the detector array having at least three detector elements. In a first scan, a first combination of the detector elements is used to transmit a first transmit signal that is in a radio or microwave frequency or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum into a target containing at least one analyte of interest and used to detect a response resulting from transmission of the first transmit signal into the target. In a second scan, a second combination of the detector elements, different from the first combination, is used to transmit a second transmit signal that is in a radio or microwave frequency or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum into the target and is used to detect a response resulting from transmission of the second transmit signal into the target.

Abstract: A smartwatch includes a non-invasive analyte sensor that is configured to non-invasively detect an analyte in a person wearing the smartwatch via spectroscopic techniques using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The smartwatch can also include other functionality such as time keeping, date keeping, one or more additional sensors configured to sense one or more physiological properties of the wearer. Data generated by the analyte sensor and other data collected by the smartwatch or by a sensing device separate from the smartwatch can be analyzed to look for correlations between the analyte data and the other data. The results of the analysis can then be sent to the smartwatch to advise the user of the results.

Abstract: A method of detection of an analyte includes implementing a scan routine using a detector array that is electrically connected to a transmit circuit and electrically connected to a receive circuit, the detector array having at least three detector elements. In a first scan, a first combination of the detector elements is used to transmit a first transmit signal that is in a radio or microwave frequency or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum into a target containing at least one analyte of interest and used to detect a response resulting from transmission of the first transmit signal into the target. In a second scan, a second combination of the detector elements, different from the first combination, is used to transmit a second transmit signal that is in a radio or microwave frequency or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum into the target and is used to detect a response resulting from transmission of the second transmit signal into the target.

Abstract: A control system including: a base including a central axis; a knob rotatably connected to the base, the knob rotatable about the central axis; a plurality of individually indexed light emitting elements distributed along the base perimeter and arranged to direct light radially outward of the central axis; a diffuser arranged radially outward of the light emitting elements; a wireless communication module enclosed between the knob and base; and a processor enclosed between the knob and base, the processor connected to the wireless communication mechanism and plurality of light emitting elements, the processor configured to individually control each light emitting element based on a control signal received from the wireless communication mechanism.

Abstract: Establishing an analyte database using analyte data that has been obtained using one or more non-invasive analyte sensors, and using the analyte database to analyze data obtained using a non-invasive analyte sensor. Once the analyte database is established, the analyte database can be updated with new analyte data, and the analyte database can be used to analyze the new analyte data to derive information from the new analyte data. For example, in the case of a human target, the new analyte data together with the analyte database can be used to predict an actual or possible abnormal medical pathology of the human target.

Abstract: Establishing an analyte database using analyte data that has been obtained using non-invasive analyte sensors, and using the analyte database to analyze data obtained using a non-invasive analyte sensor. Once the analyte database is established, the analyte database can be updated with new analyte data, and the analyte database can be used to analyze the new analyte data to derive information from the new analyte data. For example, in the case of a human target, the new analyte data together with the analyte database can be used to predict an actual or possible abnormal medical pathology of the human target.

Abstract: An interchangeable sensor that can perform detection via spectroscopic techniques using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The interchangeable sensor is removably disposable on a user wearable sensing assembly that can be worn by a user for non-invasively detecting an analyte in the user. The sensor can also be removably installed on a non-user wearable sensing assembly for performing a detection function using the sensor installed on the non-user wearable sensing assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods of analyzing an in vitro flowing fluid using an in vitro sensor that operates using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The in vitro sensor directs one or more signals that are in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum into an in vitro flowing fluid and detects one or more responses that result from transmission of the signal(s) into the in vitro flowing fluid.

Abstract: Analyte sensing and response systems include a sensor detecting one or more analytes in a medium. The sensor uses decoupled transmit and receive elements or antennas to transmit a signal into the medium, and receive a response to the transmitted signal. An action that is based on the detection of the analyte is generated which can directly or indirectly affect the detected analyte in the medium. The action is automatically performed. The action can be increasing or decreasing flow from a source of the analyte, or of a chemical compound interacting with the analyte. An example of the action is controlling an insulin pump, where the analyte is glucose.

Abstract: An interchangeable sensor that can perform detection via spectroscopic techniques using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The interchangeable sensor is removably disposable on a user wearable sensing assembly that can be worn by a user for non-invasively detecting an analyte in the user. The sensor can also be removably installed on a non-user wearable sensing assembly for performing a detection function using the sensor installed on the non-user wearable sensing assembly.

Abstract: Analyte sensing and response methods include using a non-invasive analyte sensor to detect at least one analyte in a medium. The sensor uses decoupled transmit and receive elements or antennas to transmit a signal, and to receive a response to the signal transmitted into the medium. An action is determined based on the detection of the analyte, which can affect a property of the analyte or the medium, and the action is automatically carried out. The action can be increasing or decreasing flow from a source of the analyte, increasing or decreasing flow of a chemical compound interacting with the analyte, or modifying a temperature of the medium. An example of the action is controlling an insulin pump, where the analyte is glucose.

Abstract: Methods for determining variability in a state of a medium, include monitoring the medium and determining the variability in the state of the medium based on the processing of the response over time based on the response detected at the at least one receive element over time. Monitoring the medium can include generating a transmit signal, transmitting it into the medium using a transmit element, and receiving a signal from the medium at a receive element. The transmit and receive elements can be decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements can have differing geometry. The determined variability in the state of the medium can be used to provide notifications and/or take automated actions.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods of analyzing an in vitro flowing fluid using an in vitro sensor that operates using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The in vitro sensor directs one or more signals that are in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum into an in vitro flowing fluid and detects one or more responses that result from transmission of the signal(s) into the in vitro flowing fluid.

Abstract: Systems for determining a variability in a state of a medium include one or more transmit elements or antennas and one or more receive elements or antennas which are relatively decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements or antennas can be less than 95% coupled to one another. The system also includes a transmit circuit configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted, which is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The system also includes a receive circuit configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal into the medium. The system includes a processor configured to determine the variability in the state of the medium based on processing of the response over time. The variability can further be used to direct notifications or automated actions.

Abstract: A method of non-invasive detection of an analyte includes generating a transmit signal having at least two different frequencies each of which is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and transmitting the transmit signal into a target containing at least one analyte of interest using at least one transmit antenna/element. At least one receive antenna/element that is decoupled from the at least one transmit antenna/element is used to detect a response resulting from transmitting the transmit signal by the at least one transmit antenna/element into the target containing the at least one analyte of interest. In one embodiment, the at least one transmit antenna/element can have a first geometry and the at least one receive antenna/element can have a second geometry that is geometrically different from the first geometry.

Abstract: Establishing an analyte database using analyte data that has been obtained using non-invasive analyte sensors, and using the analyte database to analyze data obtained using a non-invasive analyte sensor. Once the analyte database is established, the analyte database can be updated with new analyte data, and the analyte database can be used to analyze the new analyte data to derive information from the new analyte data. For example, in the case of a human target, the new analyte data together with the analyte database can be used to predict an actual or possible abnormal medical pathology of the human target.

Abstract: A non-invasive analyte sensor system includes an antenna/detector array having at least one transmit antenna/element and at least one receive antenna/element, wherein the at least one transmit antenna/element and the at least one receive antenna/element are less than 95% coupled to one another, or less than 90% coupled to one another, or less than 85% coupled to one another, or less than 75% coupled to one another. The at least one transmit antenna/element transmits a transmit signal in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum into a target containing an analyte of interest, and the at least one receive antenna/element detects a response resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the at least one transmit antenna/element into the target.

Abstract: A method of detection of an analyte includes using a detector array having at least two detector elements that can emit electromagnetic waves, and selectively connecting a transmit circuit to any one or more of the at least two detector elements of the detector array. At least one transmit signal is generated using the transmit circuit, where the at least one transmit signal is in a radio or microwave frequency or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The at least one transmit signal is transmitted into a target containing at least one analyte of interest using the one or more of the at least two detector elements connected to the transmit circuit.

Abstract: Consumable and replaceable light bulbs that emit white light to provide ambient lighting and also emit UV light for pathogen inactivation. The white light and the UV light may be emitted simultaneously or the light bulb can be controlled to emit the white light and the UV light at separate times. The UV light emitted by the light bulbs has a wavelength and output power that is safe for humans and pets and the UV light inactivates pathogens over relatively prolonged exposure periods. The light bulbs described herein can be used in place of conventional light bulbs, for example in a room of a home, office building or other human occupied space. Humans can remain in the space when the light bulb(s) is on without being harmed by the UV light.