Abstract: An ionization vacuum gauge includes a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, and an ion collector. The cathode electrode includes a base and a field emission film disposed thereon. The gate electrode is disposed adjacent to the cathode electrode with a distance therebetween. The ion collector is disposed adjacent to the gate electrode with a distance therebetween. The field emission film of the cathode electrode includes carbon nanotubes, a low-melting-point glass, and conductive particles.

Abstract: A field emission device includes an insulative substrate, an electron pulling electrode, a secondary electron emission layer, a first dielectric layer, a cathode electrode, and an electron emission layer. The electron pulling electrode is located on a surface of the insulative substrate. The secondary electron emission layer is located on a surface of the electron pulling electrode. The cathode electrode is located apart from the electron pulling electrode by the first dielectric layer. The cathode electrode has a surface oriented to the electron pulling electrode and defines a first opening as an electron output portion. The electron emission layer is located on the surface of the cathode electrode and oriented to the electron pulling electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a field emission device. The field emission device includes an insulating substrate having a first surface, a first electrode, a second electrode, at least one cathode emitter and a secondary electron emitter. The first electrode and the second electrode are spaced from each other and are located on the first surface of the insulating substrate. The cathode emitter is electrically connected to the first electrode and spaced from the second electrode. A secondary electron emitter is spaced from the cathode emitter. The secondary electron emitter has an electron emitting surface exposed to the cathode emitter. A secondary electron emitter is spaced from the cathode emitter. The cathode emitter is oriented toward the secondary electron emitter.

Abstract: An ion source using a field emission device is provided. The field emission device includes an insulative substrate, an electron pulling electrode, a secondary electron emission layer, a first dielectric layer, a cathode electrode, and an electron emission layer. The electron pulling electrode is located on a surface of the insulative substrate. The secondary electron emission layer is located on a surface of the electron pulling electrode. The cathode electrode is located apart from the electron pulling electrode by the first dielectric layer. The cathode electrode has a surface oriented to the electron pulling electrode and defines a first opening as an electron output portion. The electron emission layer is located on the surface of the cathode electrode and oriented to the electron pulling electrode.

Abstract: A vacuum packaging system for packaging a vacuum apparatus includes a first accommodating room, a second container, a vacuum room, a first hatch, a second hatch, a delivery apparatus, a discharge device, and a heating apparatus. The delivery apparatus transports the vacuum apparatus from the first accommodating room to the vacuum room to the second accommodating room. The discharge device discharges a sealing element to seal an exhaust through hole of the vacuum apparatus. The heating apparatus is mounted on the inner wall of the vacuum room between the second hatch and the transport pipeline to heat and soften the sealing element.

Abstract: A field emission device includes an insulative substrate, an electron pulling electrode, a secondary electron emission layer, a first dielectric layer, a cathode electrode, and an electron emission layer. The electron pulling electrode is located on a surface of the insulative substrate. The secondary electron emission layer is located on a surface of the electron pulling electrode. The cathode electrode is located apart from the electron pulling electrode by the first dielectric layer. The cathode electrode has a surface oriented to the electron pulling electrode and defines a first opening as an electron output portion. The electron emission layer is located on the surface of the cathode electrode and oriented to the electron pulling electrode.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission device includes the following steps. An insulative substrate is provided. An electron pulling electrode is formed on the insulative substrate. A secondary electron emission layer is formed on the electron pulling electrode. A first dielectric layer is fabricated. The first dielectric layer has a second opening to expose the secondary electron emission layer. A cathode plate having an electron output portion is provided. An electron emission layer is formed on part surface of the cathode plate. The cathode plate is placed on the first dielectric layer. The electron output portion and the second opening have at least one part overlapped, and at least one part of the electron emission layer is oriented to the secondary electron emission layer via the second opening.

Abstract: A vacuum packaging system includes a vacuum room, a delivery apparatus, a discharge device, a second heating apparatus. The delivery apparatus transport the pre-packaged container into the vacuum room. The discharge device discharges a sealing material to seal an exhaust through hole of the pre-packaged container. The discharge device includes a vessel configured for containing sealing material, a transport pipeline, a first heating, and a controlling element. The first heating apparatus softens the sealing material into viscous liquid. The second heating apparatus is mounted on the inner wall of the vacuum room between the second hatch and the transport pipeline.

Abstract: A method for packaging the vacuum device includes providing a pre-packaged container having an exhaust through hole defined therein and a sealing element placed into the exhaust through hole, pumping the pre-packaged container to create a vacuum, heating and softening the sealing element to seal the exhaust through hole, and cooling the melted low-melting glass to package the pre-packaged container.

Abstract: A sputter ion pump includes one vacuum chamber, two parallel anode poles and one cold cathode electron emitter. The vacuum chamber includes at least one aperture located in an outer wall thereof. The two parallel anode poles are positioned in the vacuum chamber and arranged in a symmetrical configuration about a center axis of the vacuum chamber. The cold cathode electron emission device is located on or proximate the outer wall of the vacuum chamber and faces a corresponding aperture. The cold cathode electron emission device is thus configured for injecting electrons through the corresponding aperture and into the vacuum chamber. The sputter ion pump produces a saddle-shaped electrostatic field and is free of a magnetic field. The sputter ion pump has a simplified structure and a low power consumption.

Abstract: A reference leak (10) includes a first substrate (20), a second substrate (40) disposed and bonded on the first substrate, and predetermined numbers of leak channels (14) defined in at least one of the first and second substrates. Oblique walls of the leak channels are formed by crystal planes of the at least one of the first and second substrates, the oblique walls thereby being aligned according to such crystal planes. A method for making a reference leak is also provided.

Abstract: An exemplary field emission cathode includes an electrically conductive layer and an electron-emitting member formed thereon. The electron-emitting member includes an electron-emitting material configured for emitting electrons and a getter material configured for collecting outgassed materials. An exemplary planar light source includes an anode and a cathode spaced apart from the anode. The anode includes a first electrically conductive layer and a fluorescent layer formed on an inner surface of the first electrically conductive layer. The cathode includes a second electrically conductive layer and an electron-emitting member formed on an inner surface of the second electrically conductive layer which faces toward the fluorescent layer. The electron-emitting member includes an electron-emitting material and a getter material.

Abstract: A sputter ion pump includes one vacuum chamber, two parallel anode poles and one cold cathode electron emitter. The vacuum chamber includes at least one aperture located in an outer wall thereof. The two parallel anode poles are positioned in the vacuum chamber and arranged in a symmetrical configuration about a center axis of the vacuum chamber. The cold cathode electron emission device is located on or proximate the outer wall of the vacuum chamber and faces a corresponding aperture. The cold cathode electron emission device is thus configured for injecting electrons through the corresponding aperture and into the vacuum chamber. The sputter ion pump produces a saddle-shaped electrostatic field and is free of a magnetic field. The sputter ion pump has a simplified structure and a low power consumption.

Abstract: An ionization vacuum gauge includes a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, and an ion collector. The cathode electrode includes a base and a field emission film disposed thereon. The gate electrode is disposed adjacent to the cathode electrode with a distance therebetween. The ion collector is disposed adjacent to the gate electrode with a distance therebetween. The field emission film of the cathode electrode includes carbon nanotubes, a low-melting-point glass, and conductive particles.

Abstract: An ionization vacuum gauge includes a linear cathode, an anode, and an ion collector. The linear cathode, the anode, and the ion collector are concentrically aligned and arranged from center to outer, in that order. The linear cathode includes a linear base and a field emission film deposited coating on the linear base. The ionization vacuum gauge with low power consumption can be used in a high vacuum system and/or some special vacuum system that is sensitive to heat and light. Such a gauge can be used to determine, simply yet accurately, pressures at relatively high vacuum levels.

Abstract: A generator includes a heat-electricity transforming device and a heat collector. The heat-electricity transforming device is configured to transform heat into electricity. The heat collector includes at least one heat absorption module. The at least one heat absorption module includes a carbon nanotube structure. The at least one heat absorption module is connected to the heat-electricity transforming device and transfers heat to the heat-electricity transforming device.

Abstract: A method for making a reference leak includes the steps of: (a) preparing a substrate; (b) forming a patterned catalyst layer on the substrate, the patterned catalyst layer comprising one or more catalyst blocks; (c) forming one or more elongate nano-structures extending from the corresponding catalyst blocks by a chemical vapor deposition method; (d) forming a leak layer of one of a metallic material, a glass material, and a ceramic material on the substrate with the one or more elongate nano-structures partly or completely embedded therein; and (e) removing the one or more elongate nano-structures and the substrate to obtain a reference leak with one or more leak holes defined therein.

Abstract: An ionization vacuum gauge includes a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, and an ion collector. The gate electrode is disposed adjacent to the cathode electrode with a distance therebetween. The ion collector is disposed adjacent to the gate electrode also with a distance therebetween. The cathode electrode includes a base and a field emission film disposed thereon facing the ion collector.

Abstract: A field emission lamp (30) includes a tube (31) having a closed end and an open end, an encapsulation board (38) mated with the open end, an anode layer (32) formed on an inner surface, a fluorescence layer (33) formed on the anode layer, a cathode down-lead pole (342) located at the encapsulation board, a cathode fixing pole (341) located at the closed end, a cathode filament (34) having a carbon nanotube layer formed on a surface thereof fixed between the cathode down-lead pole and the cathode fixing pole, an anode down-lead ring (321) located at the anode layer near the open end, and an anode down-lead pole (322) located at the encapsulation board and electrically connected with the anode down-lead ring. The field emission lamp has a simple structure, thereby having an enhanced production rate and a reduced cost.

Abstract: A method for forming a patterned array of carbon nanotubes (11) includes the steps of: forming an array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate (10); imprinting the array of carbon nanotubes using a molding device (12) with a predetermined pattern; and removing the molding device, thereby leaving a patterned array of carbon nanotubes (13). The method can effectively reduce or even eliminate any shielding effect between adjacent carbon nanotubes, and is simple to implement. The field emission performance of the patterned array of carbon nanotubes is improved.