Abstract: The position of the recombination zone can be controlled by controlling the mobility of the charge carriers. In an embodiment of the invention, the mobility of the charge carriers within the emissive polymer layer is controlled by the addition of traps—either electron traps, hole traps, or electron/hole traps. The electron traps reduce electron mobility, the hole traps reduce hole mobility, and the electron/hole traps reduce both electron mobility and hole mobility. The electron mobility and/or the hole mobility can be altered using the traps so that the recombination zone is positioned in the emissive polymer layer sufficiently far from the cathode so that quenching is minimized, and sufficiently far from the HTL/emissive polymer layer interface so that lifetime and/or efficiency is improved.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the invention, an electronic device includes an interfacial layer with traps. This interfacial layer is between an electrode and an organic layer, and if the electrode was adjacent to the organic layer, the energy barrier between these two layers is such that the current through the organic layer is limited by charge injection into this layer rather than the transport properties of the organic layer. The traps are used to accumulate charges of one charge type (e.g., either electrons or holes) within the interfacial layer. By accumulating charges, the bands of the interfacial layer are bent so that charges can tunnel from the electrode to the organic layer thus increasing the efficiency of the electronic device and allowing organic layers to be used within an electronic device that otherwise would be too inefficient for use in that device.

Abstract: In one embodiment of an OLED device, a hole injection/transport layer is added to the device structure in order to increase the number of holes injected into the emissive layer and reduce the number of electrons injected into the added hole injection/transport layer. In a first configuration of the added hole injection/transport layer, the added hole injection/transport layer is comprised of a non-doped hole transporting material that has an IP range between the highest IP value of the adjacent layer on the anode-end and the lowest IP value of the adjacent layer on the “emissive layer”-end. Optionally, in addition, nearly all electron affinities of the added hole injection/transport layer are less than the lowest electron affinity of the adjacent layer on the “emissive layer”-end. In a second configuration of the added hole injection/transport layer, this layer is formed by doping the hole transport material. The dopant is able to abstract electrons from the hole transporting material.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention pertains to an electrode that includes a metal oxide layer, and a conductive layer on that metal oxide layer. The metal oxide layer is an alkali metal oxide or an alkaline earth metal oxide that is formed by: (1) decomposing a compound that includes (a) oxygen and (b) an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, or (2) thermally reacting at least two compounds where one of the at least two compounds includes the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal, and another one of the at least two compounds includes oxygen. The metal oxide layer can also be formed by thermally reacting at least two compounds where one of those compounds includes (a) oxygen and (b) an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Methods for protecting circuit device materials, optoelectronic devices, and caps using a reflowable getter are described. The methods, devices and caps provide advantages because they enable modification of the shape and activity of the getter after sealing of the device. Some embodiments of the invention provide a solid composition comprising a reactive material and a phase changing material. The combination of the reactive material and phase changing material is placed in the cavity of an electronic device. After sealing the device by conventional means (epoxy seal for example), the device is subjected to thermal or electromagnetic energy so that the phase changing material becomes liquid, and consequently: exposes the reactive material to the atmosphere of the cavity, distributes the getter more equally within the cavity, and provides enhanced protection of sensitive parts of the device by flowing onto and covering these parts, with a thin layer of material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices and processes for preparing the same are provided which do not require a separate process step of ion intercalation by employing an electrochromically-inert reducing or oxidizing additive in the electrochemically active material or the electrolyte of the electrochromic devices.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices incorporate reversible oxidizers to improve device kinetics, incorporate counterelectrodes composed of an alkali metal oxide and vanadium oxide to improve stability, and doped tungsten or molybdenum oxide in the electrochromic layer to improve UV durability.

Abstract: A photochromic device is provided which allows the user to leave the device in a high transmissive state even when exposed to a source of radiation and to control the degree of darkening achieved while exposed to the source of radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices and processes for preparing the same are provided which do not require a separate process step of ion intercalation by employing an electrochromically-inert reducing or oxidizing additive in the electrochemically active material or the electrolyte of the electrochromic devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Abstract: A photochromic device is provided which allows the user to leave the device in a high transmissive state even when exposed to a source of radiation and to control the degree of darkening achieved while exposed to the source of radiation.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices and processes for preparing the same are provided which do not require a separate process step of ion intercalation by employing an electrochromically-inert reducing or oxidizing additive in the electrochemically active material or the electrolyte of the electrochromic devices.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is disclosed having a conducting electrode opposing a counter conducting electrode with an electrochemically active polymeric layer disposed on an opposing surface of one of said electrodes and an electrolyte containing at least one redox active material contactingly disposed between the electrochemically active layer and an other opposing surface of one of said electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent. Also disclosed is an electrochromic device that exhibits low light transmission or reflectivity with no applied potential or after removal of an applied potential.

Abstract: A photochromic device is provided which allows the user to leave the device in a high transmissive state even when exposed to a source of radiation and to control the degree of darkening achieved while exposed to the source of radiation.

Abstract: An ion conducting polymer composition is described which exhibits electrical conductivities of at least 10.sup.-6 S/cm and has good optical properties and is easily processable. The composition comprises a PEO-based block copolymer and a dissociable lithium salt. The invention also includes a laminate formed from the ion conducting polymer composition, and related methods of forming.