Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for digital-to-analog converters (DACs) with enhanced dynamic element matching (DEM) and calibration. DEM may be adapted based on assessment of one or more conditions that may affect the DACs or DEM functions thereof. The one or more condition may comprise amount of signal backoff. The adaption may comprise switching the DEM function (as a whole, or partially—e.g., individual DEM elements) on or off based on the assess conditions. The DACs may incorporate use of calibration. The DEM and/or the calibration may be applied to only a portion of the DAC, such as a particular segment (e.g., a middle segment comprising bits between the MSBs and the LSBs).

Abstract: Methods and systems for crest factor reduction may comprise generating an original waveform to be amplified by a programmable gain amplifier (PGA); generating a distortion signal utilizing a PGA model that predicts an output signal of the PGA based on the original waveform; generating an error signal by subtracting out the original waveform from the distortion signal; filtering the generated error signal; generating a conditioned waveform with crest factor reduced from that of the original waveform by adding the filtered error signal to the original waveform; and amplifying the conditioned waveform. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced based on spectral mask requirements. The generating of the conditioned waveform may be iterated. The distortion signal may be generated based on a predistortion model. A signal may be fed back from an output of the PGA to the predistortion model, which may be dynamically configured.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with digital offsets. A digital offset may be applied to an input of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and digital-to-analog conversions are then applied via the DAC to the input with the digital offset. The digital offset is set to account for one or more conditions relating to inputs to the DAC, with the one or more conditions affect switching characteristics of one or more of a plurality of conversion elements in the DAC, and where each conversion element handles a particular bit in inputs to the DAC. The digital offset may be determined dynamically and adaptively, such as based on the input and/or conditions relating to the input. Alternatively, the digital offset may be pre-determined and fixed. One or more adjustments may be selectively applied to the digital offset for particular input conditions.

Abstract: A direct broadcast satellite (DBS) reception assembly may comprise an integrated circuit that is configurable between or among a plurality of configurations based on content requested by client devices served by the DBS reception assembly. In a first configuration, multiple satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a single wideband signal. In a second configuration, the satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a plurality of separate narrowband signals. The integrated circuit may comprise a plurality of receive paths, each of the receive chains comprising a respective one of a plurality of low noise amplifiers and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters.

Abstract: A direct broadcast satellite (DBS) reception assembly may comprise an integrated circuit that is configurable between or among a plurality of configurations based on content requested by client devices served by the DBS reception assembly. In a first configuration, multiple satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a single wideband signal. In a second configuration, the satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a plurality of separate narrowband signals. The integrated circuit may comprise a plurality of receive paths, each of the receive chains comprising a respective one of a plurality of low noise amplifiers and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with partial constant switching. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprising a plurality of conversion elements may be configured to apply constant switching in only some of the conversion elements. Only conversion elements applying constant switching may incorporate circuitry for providing such the constant switching. Alternatively, each conversion element may incorporate constant switching circuitry and functionality, and the constant switching may then be turned on or off for each conversion element adaptively, such as based on input conditions.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with digital offsets. A digital offset may be applied to an input of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and digital-to-analog conversions are then applied via the DAC to the input with the digital offset. The digital offset is set to account for one or more conditions relating to inputs to the DAC, with the one or more conditions affect switching characteristics of one or more of a plurality of conversion elements in the DAC, and where each conversion element handles a particular bit in inputs to the DAC. The digital offset may be determined dynamically and adaptively, such as based on the input and/or conditions relating to the input. Alternatively, the digital offset may be pre-determined and fixed. One or more adjustments may be selectively applied to the digital offset for particular input conditions.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for digital-to-analog converters (DACs) with enhanced dynamic element matching (DEM) and calibration. DEM may be adapted based on assessment of one or more conditions that may affect the DACs or DEM functions thereof. The one or more condition may comprise amount of signal backoff. The adaption may comprise switching the DEM function (as a whole, or partially—e.g., individual DEM elements) on or off based on the assess conditions. The DACs may incorporate use of calibration. The DEM and/or the calibration may be applied to only a portion of the DAC, such as a particular segment (e.g., a middle segment comprising bits between the MSBs and the LSBs).

Abstract: Methods and systems for crest factor reduction may comprise generating an original waveform to be amplified by a programmable gain amplifier (PGA); generating a distortion signal utilizing a PGA model that predicts an output signal of the PGA based on the original waveform; generating an error signal by subtracting out the original waveform from the distortion signal; filtering the generated error signal; generating a conditioned waveform with crest factor reduced from that of the original waveform by adding the filtered error signal to the original waveform; and amplifying the conditioned waveform. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced based on spectral mask requirements. The generating of the conditioned waveform may be iterated. The distortion signal may be generated based on a predistortion model. A signal may be fed back from an output of the PGA to the predistortion model, which may be dynamically configured.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of formulating cyclosporin A Form 2.

Abstract: Methods and systems for crest factor reduction may comprise generating an original waveform, generating a distortion signal by reducing a crest factor of the original waveform, generating an error signal by subtracting out the original waveform from the distortion signal, generating a conditioned waveform by adding the error signal to the original waveform, and amplifying the conditioned waveform. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced based on spectral mask requirements. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced using a limiter. The power amplifier may comprise a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). The distortion signal may be generated based on a PGA model and/or a predistortion model. A signal from an output of the PA may be fed back to the PGA model. The PGA model may be dynamically configured. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced in an analog domain and/or a digital domain. The error signal may be filtered utilizing a distortion shaping filter.

Abstract: A direct broadcast satellite (DBS) reception assembly may comprise an integrated circuit that is configurable between or among a plurality of configurations based on content requested by client devices served by the DBS reception assembly. In a first configuration, multiple satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a single wideband signal. In a second configuration, the satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a plurality of separate narrowband signals. The integrated circuit may comprise a plurality of receive paths, each of the receive chains comprising a respective one of a plurality of low noise amplifiers and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of formulating cyclosporin A Form 2.

Abstract: A direct broadcast satellite (DBS) reception assembly may comprise an integrated circuit that is configurable between or among a plurality of configurations based on content requested by client devices served by the DBS reception assembly. In a first configuration, multiple satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a single wideband signal. In a second configuration, the satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a plurality of separate narrowband signals. The integrated circuit may comprise a plurality of receive paths, each of the receive chains comprising a respective one of a plurality of low noise amplifiers and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters.

Abstract: Methods and systems for crest factor reduction may comprise generating an original waveform, generating a distortion signal by reducing a crest factor of the original waveform, generating an error signal by subtracting out the original waveform from the distortion signal, generating a conditioned waveform by adding the error signal to the original waveform, and amplifying the conditioned waveform. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced based on spectral mask requirements. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced using a limiter. The power amplifier may comprise a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). The distortion signal may be generated based on a PGA model and/or a predistortion model. A signal from an output of the PA may be fed back to the PGA model. The PGA model may be dynamically configured. The crest factor of the original waveform may be reduced in an analog domain and/or a digital domain. The error signal may be filtered utilizing a distortion shaping filter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of formulating cyclosporin A Form 2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of formulating cyclosporin A Form 2.

Abstract: A method for use in designing a utility network to provide a utility to a geographic area. A computer system determines a demand point within the geographic area at which to provide the utility. The computer system also determines a source point to provide the utility to the utility network. A connection path through the geographic area is determined, connecting the source point to the demand point. In addition, a bill of materials may be generated, indicating a set of equipment required to convey the utility from the source point to the demand point along the determined connection path.

Abstract: A direct broadcast satellite (DBS) reception assembly may comprise an integrated circuit that is configurable between or among a plurality of configurations based on content requested by client devices served by the DBS reception assembly. In a first configuration, multiple satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a single wideband signal. In a second configuration, the satellite frequency bands may be digitized by the integrated circuit as a plurality of separate narrowband signals. The integrated circuit may comprise a plurality of receive paths, each of the receive chains comprising a respective one of a plurality of low noise amplifiers and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of formulating cyclosporin A Form 2.