Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are directed to helmet padding systems. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell and a spacing pad. The rigid shell includes a body portion and a pair of side portions. The body portion is configured to cover a top of a user's head, and is configured to be worn under a baseball cap. The body portion has a lower front edge between the pair of side portions. The pair of side portions extend downward below the lower front edge of the body portion. The spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell. The spacing pad includes a layer of elastomeric material. The helmet padding system may further include the baseball cap positioned overtop the rigid shell.

Abstract: Helmet padding systems and apparatuses are disclosed. A helmet padding system includes a rigid frame and a spacing pad. The rigid frame is configured to be positioned on the head of a user. The spacing pad includes a layer of elastomeric material. The spacing pad includes a central portion and a plurality of extending portions projecting outward from the central portion. The plurality of extending portions are fixed to the frame.

Abstract: Protective headbands are disclosed. One protective headband has a padding layer that includes a pair of first portions extending in a first direction along a first axis, a second portion extending in the first direction and spaced from the first axis, and a pair of angled portions connecting between the pair of first portions and the second portion. Another protective headband has a padding layer that includes a pair of first arcuate portions, and a second arcuate portion extending between the pair of first arcuate portions, the second arcuate portion curving in a same direction as the pair of first arcuate portions.

Abstract: Provided herein are formulations effective for and methods of treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject in need thereof that can include administering an amount of an aPKC inhibitor to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Protective headbands are disclosed. One protective headband has a padding layer that includes a pair of first portions extending in a first direction along a first axis, a second portion extending in the first direction and spaced from the first axis, and a pair of angled portions connecting between the pair of first portions and the second portion. Another protective headband has a padding layer that includes a pair of first arcuate portions, and a second arcuate portion extending between the pair of first arcuate portions, the second arcuate portion curving in a same direction as the pair of first arcuate portions.

Abstract: Helmet padding systems are disclosed. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell and a spacing pad. The rigid shell is configured to cover a top of a user's head and be worn under a piece of headgear. The rigid shell includes a pair of slots extending in a direction from a lower rear edge of the rigid shell toward a lower front edge of the rigid shell. The pair of slots define a central portion and opposed side portions of the rigid shell. The central portion includes at least one pair of flaps, with each of the at least one pair of flaps extending outwardly from the central portion into a respective slot. The central portion further includes a tail extending outwardly from the central portion into each of the slots. The spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell. The spacing pad includes a layer of elastomeric material.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of preventing or reducing weight gain in a subject in need thereof by administering 2-acetylcyclopentane-1,3-dione (ACPD).

Abstract: An athletic protector is provided having a pad formed from a plurality of layers and configured to be impact-resistant. The pad has a central portion which is delineated along a perimeter thereof by an edge portion. The edge portion extends from the perimeter of the central portion to an outer perimeter and has a thickness that is less than a thickness of the central portion of the pad.

Abstract: Helmet padding systems are disclosed. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell configured to cover a top of a user's head and be worn under a piece of headgear. The rigid shell includes a first pair of slots configured to extend in a direction from a back of the user's head toward a front of the user's head when the rigid shell is worn on the user's head. The first pair of slots define a central portion and opposed side portions of the rigid shell. The central portion includes at least one flap extending from the central portion across one of the first pair of slots and covering a first region of one of the opposed side portions of the rigid shell. A spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell.

Abstract: Protective headgear systems are disclosed. One protective headgear system includes an impact-resistant pad and a helmet. The impact-resistant pad includes a top portion configured to be positioned covering a top of a user's head, and first and second side portions extending downward from the top portion. The helmet is unconnected to the impact-resistant pad. The helmet is configured to be positioned overtop of the impact-resistant pad when the impact-resistant pad is positioned on the user's head.

Abstract: Protective headgear systems are disclosed. One protective headgear system includes an impact-resistant pad and a helmet. The impact-resistant pad includes a top portion configured to be positioned covering a top of a user's head, and first and second side portions extending downward from the top portion. The helmet is unconnected to the impact-resistant pad. The helmet is configured to be positioned overtop of the impact-resistant pad when the impact-resistant pad is positioned on the user's head.

Abstract: Helmet padding systems are disclosed. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell configured to cover a top of a user's head and be worn under a piece of headgear. The rigid shell includes a first pair of slots configured to extend in a direction from a back of the user's head toward a front of the user's head when the rigid shell is worn on the user's head. A spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell. One or more straps are connected to the rigid shell and configured to secure the rigid shell on the user's head.

Abstract: Helmet padding systems are disclosed. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell configured to cover a top of a user's head and be worn under a piece of headgear. The rigid shell includes a first pair of slots configured to extend in a direction from a back of the user's head toward a front of the user's head when the rigid shell is worn on the user's head. A spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell. Another helmet padding system includes a rigid shell configured to cover at least a portion of a user's head and be worn under a baseball cap. The rigid shell includes a lower edge and an upper edge. The lower edge extends around no more than half of the user's head when the rigid shell is worn under the baseball cap. A spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell.

Abstract: Impact-resistant materials and pads are disclosed. An impact-resistant material includes a first elastomer layer having a first density, a second elastomer layer having a second density higher than the first density, a layer of high-tensile strength fibrous material, and a polymer layer. These layers are preferably be arranged in the order in which they are recited. These layers may also be included in an impact-resistant pad configured to be worn by a user. The first elastomer layer is positioned directly adjacent the user when the pad is worn by the user.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus, system and method includes at least a protective garment that prevents concussive effects on internal organs. The garment many include a garment body; and, embedded in the garment body, at least one multi-sectional pad. At least two of the multi-sections may comprise: at least one aramid layer; at least one multi-durometer foam layer having a substantially similar surface area to that provided by the at least one aramid layer; and at least one shield layer.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of preventing or reducing weight gain in a subject in need thereof by administering 2-acetylcyclopentane-1,3-dione (ACPD).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods thereof for employing impact resistant materials, pads, and layers are disclosed. Aspects of the invention include, an impact resistant material including an elastomer material having a base layer and a plurality of raised portions extending upward from the base layer, wherein each of the plurality of raised portions has a top surface and at least three primary sides. Each of the at least three primary sides having a middle region positioned closer to a center of the respective raised portion than either end region of the respective primary side.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are directed to helmet padding systems. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell and a spacing pad. The rigid shell is configured to cover at least a portion of a top of a user's head and be worn under a baseball cap. The rigid shell includes a pair of slots configured to extend in a direction from a back of the user's head to the front of the user's head when the rigid shell is worn on the user's head. The spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell. The spacing pad includes a layer of elastomeric material.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, pharmaceutical formulations, methods of treating and methods of using aPKC inhibitors for treating and/or preventing of aPKC abnormalities.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are directed to helmet padding systems. One helmet padding system includes a rigid shell and a spacing pad. The rigid shell is configured to cover a top of a user's head and be worn under a baseball cap. The rigid shell includes an opening formed in an area of the rigid shell opposite the front of the user's head when the rigid shell is worn on the user's head. The spacing pad is positioned within the rigid shell. The spacing pad includes a layer of elastomeric material. The helmet padding system may further include the baseball cap positioned overtop the rigid shell. The baseball cap has a cut-out in a rear portion thereof.