Abstract: The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) with hydrogen fluoride, in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, where by using 2-chloro-3,3,3, -trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) of high purity, the need to add an oxidizing agent (typically chlorine) to keep the catalyst active can be avoided. The HCFC-244bb is then used as an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: Provided is a process for making 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane. The process has the step of hydrofluorinating 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of SbCl3, SbCl5, SbF5, TiCl4, SnCl4, Cr2O3, and fluorinated Cr2O3.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233x1) with hydrogen fluoride, in a liquid phase reaction in the presence of hydrogen chloride and a liquid phase fluorination catalyst. The hydrogen chloride is added into the reaction from an external source at a pressure of about 100 psig or more. The HCFC-244bb is an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided, in association with a question and answer system, for generating answers to an input question. An input question is received and processed to generate at least one query. The at least one query is applied to the corpus to generate a set of candidate answers and corresponding selections of evidence portions of the corpus of information providing evidence in support of the at least one candidate answer being a correct answer for the input question. A graphical user interface (GUI) is output comprising a first GUI sub-section comprising the set of candidate answers, and a second GUI sub-section comprising the evidence portions of the corpus. User input modifying at least one of set of candidate answers or the evidence portions of the corpus of information is received via the GUI and an operation of the data processing system is adjusted based on the user input.

Abstract: Compositions and methods based on the use of fluoroalkene containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond, such as HFO-1214, HFO-HF0-1233, or HF0-1354 having properties highly beneficial in foaming and blowing agent applications, articles and methods.

Abstract: Compositions and methods based on the use of fluoroalkene containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond, such as HFO-1214, HFO—HF0-1233, or HF0-1354 having properties highly beneficial in foaming and blowing agent applications, articles and methods.

Abstract: A cleaning device having a cleaning head assembly and a handle assembly is provided. The assemblies are removably attached to one another by a locking mechanism that includes a female attachment portion having a receptacle and being affixed to a cleaning head, and a male attachment portion having a locking projection and being affixed to a handle and adapted for removable engagement with the female attachment portion. The locking projection on the male attachment portion is biased to engage the receptacle in the female attachment portion so as to releaseably lock the cleaning head and the handle together.

Abstract: A cleaning device having a cleaning head assembly and a handle assembly is provided. The assemblies are removably attached to one another by a locking mechanism that includes a female attachment portion having a receptacle and being affixed to a cleaning head, and a male attachment portion having a locking projection and being affixed to a handle and adapted for removable engagement with the female attachment portion. The locking projection on the male attachment portion is biased to engage the receptacle in the female attachment portion so as to releaseably lock the cleaning head and the handle together.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) with hydrogen fluoride, in a liquid phase reaction in the presence of hydrogen chloride and a liquid phase fluorination catalyst. The hydrogen chloride is added into the reaction from an external source at a pressure of about 100 psig or more. The HCFC-244bb is an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: Disclosed aspects include managing data for a Question and Answering (QA) system. Aspects include a set of questions being received by the QA system. In response to receiving the set of questions, a first confidence score for a first answer to a first question of the set of questions is determined. Aspects include determining the first confidence score meets a threshold confidence score. In response to the first confidence score meeting the threshold confidence score, the QA system stores the first question and the first answer for future presentation use as an aid in formulating a second query.

Abstract: Disclosed aspects include managing data for a Question and Answering (QA) system. Aspects include a set of questions being received by the QA system. In response to receiving the set of questions, a first confidence score for a first answer to a first question of the set of questions is determined. Aspects include determining the first confidence score meets a threshold confidence score. In response to the first confidence score meeting the threshold confidence score, the QA system stores the first question and the first answer for future presentation use as an aid in formulating a second query.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of fluorinated olefins, and in particularly preferred embodiments tetrafluorinated olefins having F on an unsaturated, non-terminal carbon, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The preferred processes of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment generally comprise: (a) reacting a compound of formula (I) X1X2 ??(I) with a compound of formula (II) CX1X2X3CX1?CX1X2 ??(II) to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III) CF3CHX1CH2X2 ??(III), and (b) exposing said compound of formula (III) to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound of formula (III) to a compound of formula (IV) CF3CZ?CH2 ??(IV) wherein X1, X2, and X3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine, provided that X1 and X2 in formula (I) are not both hydrogen and Z is Cl, I, Br, or F.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided for modifying an operation of a question answering (QA) system. An input question is received and processed to generate at least one query to be applied to a corpus of information. The at least one query is applied to the corpus of information to generate candidate answers to the input question from which a final answer is selected for output. A training engine modifies, using a machine learning technique that compares the final answer to a known correct answer for the input question, at least one of logic or configuration parameters of the QA system for at least one of the processing of the input question to generate the at least one query, applying of the at least one query to the corpus of information to generate the candidate answers, or the selecting of the final answer from the candidate answers.

Abstract: A loading ramp is supported between a first surface and a second surface. The loading ramp includes a first ramp portion. The first ramp portion includes a first rail portion extending between a first end and an opposing second end. The first ramp portion includes at least one first tread portion removably attached to the first rail portion. The at least one first tread portion supports a weight. The loading ramp includes a second ramp portion attached to the first ramp portion. The second ramp portion includes a second rail portion extending between a third end, which is attached to the second end of the first rail portion, and an opposing fourth end. The second ramp portion includes at least one second tread portion removably attached to the second rail portion. The at least one second tread portion supports the weight.

Abstract: Provided is a process for making 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane. The process has the step of hydrofluorinating 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of SbCl3, SbCl5, SbF5, TiCl4, SnCl4, Cr2O3, and fluorinated Cr2O3.

Abstract: A cleaning device having a cleaning head assembly and a handle assembly is provided. The assemblies are removably attached to one another by a locking mechanism that includes a female attachment portion having a receptacle and being affixed to a cleaning head, and a male attachment portion having a locking projection and being affixed to a handle and adapted for removable engagement with the female attachment portion. The locking projection on the male attachment portion is biased to engage the receptacle in the female attachment portion so as to releaseably lock the cleaning head and the handle together.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) with hydrogen fluoride, in a liquid phase reaction in the presence of hydrogen chloride and a liquid phase fluorination catalyst. The hydrogen chloride is added into the reaction from an external source at a pressure of about 100 psig or more. The HCFC-244bb is an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).