Abstract: A process for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-methylmercaptobutyric acid (MHA) by electrochemical carboxylation of 3-methylmercapto-propionaldehyde in an undivided electrolytic cell containing a sacrificial anode, in an aprotic solvent in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Preferred anode/cathode combinations are Mg/Mg and Mg/carbon. MHA is obtainable in a high yield.

Abstract: A process for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-methylmercaptobutyric acid (MHA) by electrochemical carboxylation of 3-methylmercapto-propionaldehyde in an undivided electrolytic cell containing a sacrificial anode, in an aprotic solvent in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Preferred anode/cathode combinations are Mg/Mg and Mg/carbon. MHA is obtainable in a high yield.

Abstract: The proposed crawler-mounted board (1) is specifically for the purpose of riding over grass or lawn slopes. It features a crawler unit which consists of two slightly concave-curved undercarriage tracks (12), the tracks being connected to one another by four cross-struts (13). The crawler unit can be mounted to a frame (2) made of tubing or rods. Each of the undercarriage tracks (12) consists of a long elongated body, a flexible crawler track chain, and large number of crawler track segments. A block can be mounted to the outside of each crawler track segment. While the crawler-mounted board is in motion, frictional forces act between the turf and the crawler track chains and the blocks of the crawler unit. These frictional forces cause the crawler track chains along with the crawler track segments to move around the body of the undercarriage tracks (12) in a closed circuit.

Abstract: A rotary bell cup for atomizing particulate material such as paint includes a generally conical overflow surface having a generally constant flow angle defining a radially inward central axial opening and a radially outward atomizing edge with a bevel. A central flat portion is disposed between the conical overflow surface and the radially inward central axial opening. A deflector having a deflection surface of generally rotational symmetry is disposed in front of the central opening having a rear flat surface generally parallel to the central portion and a rear conical surface generally parallel to the conical overflow surface.

Abstract: A rotary bell cup for atomizing particulate material such as paint includes a generally conical overflow surface having a generally constant flow angle defining a radially inward central axial opening and a radially outward atomizing edge with a bevel. A central flat portion is disposed between the conical overflow surface and the radially inward central axial opening. A deflector having a deflection surface of generally rotational symmetry is disposed in front of the central opening having a rear flat surface generally parallel to the central portion and a rear conical surface generally parallel to the conical overflow surface.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer applies particulate paints with good color matching by reducing paint droplet size deviation and then optimizing the other paint spraying parameters. Paint droplet size parameters are reduced by using a bell cup having reduced flow deviations, including an overflow surface having a generally constant angle between a deflector and an atomizing edge.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer applies particulate paints with good color matching by reducing paint droplet size deviation and then optimizing the other paint spraying parameters. Paint droplet size parameters are reduced by using a bell cup having reduced flow deviations, including an overflow surface having a generally constant angle between a deflector and an atomizing edge.

Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by reacting calcium cyanamide with a primary or secondary amino carboxylic acid or a primary or secondary amino sulfonic acid or their derivatives of the formula II ##STR2## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings explained in the description.

Abstract: Cyanoacetic esters are prepared by reacting a corresponding monochloroacetic ester with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a base, where the base is a compound selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines, salts of carbonic acid, salts of carbonic acid monoesters, salts of carboxylic acids, amidines, guanidines and aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds.

Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## are prepared by a) converting urea into an alkylated isourea of the formula II ##STR2## and b) reacting the alkylated isourea with a primary or secondary amine of the formula III ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.10 have the meanings explained in the description.

Abstract: The proposed crawler-mounted board (1) is specifically for the purpose of riding over grass or lawn slopes. It features a crawler unit which consists of two slightly concave-curved undercarriage tracks (12), the tracks being connected to one another by four cross-struts (13). The crawler unit can be mounted to a frame (2) made of tubing or rods. Each of the undercarriage tracks (12) consists of a long elongated body, a flexible crawler track chain, and large number of crawler track segments. A block can be mounted to the outside of each crawler track segment. While the crawler-mounted board is in motion, frictional forces act between the turf and the crawler track chains and the blocks of the crawler unit. These frictional forces cause the crawler track chains along with the crawler track segments to move around the body of the undercarriage tracks (12) in a closed circuit.

Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## are prepared by reacting haloformamidinium salts of the formula II, ##STR2## where Hal can be Cl, F, Br and I, with primary or secondary amines of the formula III ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings explained in the description.

Abstract: Substituted guanidine derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## are prepared by a) reacting calcium cyanamide with an alcohol of the formula R.sup.10 --OH to give an isourea derivative of the formula II, ##STR2## and b) reacting the substituted isourea with a primary or secondary amine of the formula III, ##STR3## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.10 have the meanings explained in the description.

Abstract: Wristwatch including a case (1) for accommodating a movement (4), luminous elements carried by the bezel or by the middle part of said case, a source of energy (44, 45) and an electronic circuit (33) housed in said case to control the power supply of said luminous elements and at least one control element (5), characterized in that at least one luminous element is formed by a finger (11-15) made of flexible materials, supported by said case and extending beyond the latter.

Abstract: The rotary atomizer described has a multiple-piece channel body, which is arranged coaxial to the rotational axis, for supplying coating material and flushing fluid to the bell plate and has three axial holes uniformly distributed eccentrically about the rotational axis. The first hole leads to a central nozzle and is connected to the second hole in the channel body, while the third hole is part of a channel that leads to an eccentric outlet flowing in the vicinity of the nozzle opening. A separate control valve is provided for each of the three channels.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer with a bell element (1) mountable on the rotating shaft of a drive motor comprises an outer overflow surface (2), a spray edge (3) at a front side of the bell element (1), a lateral outer surface (5) at the perimeter of the bell element extending from the spray edge (3), and a hose line (9) in fluid communication with a source of cleaning fluid. Rinsing the outer surface (5) at the perimeter of the bell element (1) of a rotary atomizer is facilitated. The rinsing agent is directed without spattering, through centrifugal force, from the interior to the outer surface (5) and is distributed uniformly across the perimeter. The rinsing agent can branch off centrally from a fast-rinsing valve and move to a collection space (29, 15) located radially within the outer surface (5), from where it flows via the rear, preferably rounded bell dome edge (6). Alternatively, the rinsing agent can be supplied separately via a separate valve.

Abstract: For a rapid and simple assembly, the rotary atomizer of the coating arrangement described has a fastening pin (34) arranged on a valve unit (12). The fastening pin is inserted into a matching opening of a mounting flange (70) and is retained therein by a clamping device that exerts a force pressing the valve unit (12) against the flange (70). The atomizer is composed of individual modules (2,4,6,10,12) connected by screw connections and additionally comprises a rigid light guide rod for the transmission of optical rpm measuring signals, which remains in the valve unit (12) during disassembly of the atomizer.

Abstract: A hydraulic, adjustable vibration damper for motor vehicles, with a damping piston fastened to a piston rod, which damping piston divides the work cylinder into two chamber halves filled with damping fluid, has a bypass located parallel to the valves of the damping piston. In the bypass there is at least one valve which reacts as a function of the pressure, and to control the bypass, there is a device to adjust a control body, which control body can be pressurized in the closing direction by a pressure medium. Between the pressure medium and the control body there can be an axially movable pressure intensifier which is sealed on its circumference, whereby corresponding to the pressure intensifier there can be an additional spring force which acts in the direction opposite to that of the pressure medium.

Abstract: A thermostable substrate for flexible circuit boards having excellent flame-resistance, handling, and storage qualities may be produced by treating a substrate of a nonwoven fabric or paper with a flame-resistant, halogen-free polymeric composition. The polymeric composition comprises an aqueous mixture of a copolymerizate of acrylic acid esters and styrene, and an aminoplastic or phenoplastic precondensate to which a mixture of fine-particle red phosphorus and fine-particle ammonium polyphosphate is also added.

Abstract: Fuels and lubricants contain, as detergents, N-alkylcarboxamides prepared from olefins by the Ritter reaction.