Abstract: The invention discloses a rubber process oil and a process for manufacturing rubber process oils which are non-carcinogenic in nature. The process comprises of selectively producing Hildebrand solubility components enriched vacuum residue by selective distillation of reduced crude oil (RCO) to obtain minimum of 10 vol % boiling components in the range 490° C. to 50° C., which leads to higher solubility of rubber process oil with an aniline point of less than 70° C. and with extremely low concentration of selective polycyclic aromatics which makes the 15 product non-carcinogenic.

Abstract: An apparatus which is an integral hardware consisting of an annular downer reactor and a concentric upflow riser regenerator for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feed to is disclosed. The annular downer reactor terminates in annular stripper which is also concentric with the regenerator. The regenerator, reactor and stripper are in fluid connection with each other. The apparatus is highly compact and provides efficient contact between circulating catalyst and hydrocarbon feed. The proposed hardware includes a novel radial distributor for providing improved control and radial distribution of catalyst inside the downflow reactor. The radial distributor has equal numbers of stationary and movable parts placed one after another to cover the entire annular opening at the bottom of the regenerated catalyst vessel. The radial distributor is concentric with regenerator and located between the catalyst holding vessel and the reactor. A process for catalytic cracking using the invented apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates a metal passivator additive comprising: a rare earth component; alumina; clay; colloidal silica; and a zeolite having high silica to alumina ratio.

Abstract: A multi-stage hydrotreating process obtains ultra-low sulfur diesel boiling range hydrocarbon having less than 10 ppm sulfur with elimination of external hot high pressure separator and avoids the formation of recombinant mercaptans by removing excess hydrogen sulfide formed during hydroprocessing reaction. The process includes mixing a diesel boiling range hydrocarbon feedstock with hydrogen and sending to the first predominantly liquid phase hydroprocessing reaction stage. Effluent from the first hydroprocessing reaction stage is sent to first separator zone of open and empty space in the upper part of the second hydroprocessing reaction stage to flash off the dissolved reaction products hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Liquid part of the effluent of first hydroprocessing reaction stage is passed to the second predominantly liquid phase hydroprocessing reaction stage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved fluidized catalytic cracking process for converting normally liquid hydrocarbon feedstock with simultaneous reduction of sulfur content in the liquid products obtained therefrom which comprises carrying out the cracking process in the presence of carbon monoxide gas as a reducing agent. The process optionally includes a step of premixing the hydrocarbon feedstock with carbon monoxide gas causing major sulfur reduction before effecting the cracking. The premixing is done in a specified nozzle assembly linked to the FCC unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for catalytic cracking of feedstock includes a first channel in which a feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to obtain a treated intermediate. The apparatus further comprises a separator-reactor vessel. The separator-reactor vessel includes an adsorbent separating region to remove the adsorbent from the treated intermediate. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a second channel connected to the adsorbent separating region. The treated intermediate is contacted with a catalyst in the second channel to produce a cracking yield. The second channel terminates in a catalyst separating region of the separator-reactor vessel. The catalyst is removed from the cracking yield in the catalyst separating region. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a physical partition disposed between the adsorbent separating region and the catalyst separating region to separate the two regions.

Abstract: The invention concerns with improved and more flexible deasphalting process for production of lube oil base stock as well as feed stock for secondary processes depending on requirement from heavy residual hydrocarbon oil containing saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes etc by contacting the oil with a solvent comprising of hydrocarbon containing two to six carbon atoms, preferably LPG having C3-C4 hydrocarbons and mixture thereof at predetermined deasphalting conditions wherein the yield of deasphalted oil including its quality is controlled by varying the deasphalting conditions including the operating temperature. The yield variations of 15 to 60 wt % is achieved by swinging the temperature by about 10-20° C. within the operative temperature range of 70-130° C. keeping the rest of the operating conditions including solvent to feed ratio same. The LPG solvent can be recovered using supercritical mode of operation using technology known in the art and recycled.

Abstract: The invention describes process for demetallation of vegetable oils and animal fats to reduce metal content below 1 ppm to make them suitable for hydroprocessing feedstocks. The process comprises acid treatment with very low concentration of acids, utilizing synergistic effect of phosphoric acid and citric acid, followed by counter-current treatment with clay without intermediate step of water washing and treatment with ion exchange resin.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying additives into a coker drum includes an inlet for supplying a hydrocarbon feed stream into the coker drum and conduits along the circumference of walls of the coker drum. Each conduit has an injection nozzle to supply additives inside the coker drum. An injection control system controls the operation of the injection nozzles such that 1) one or more of the injection nozzles placed within a first distance above a vapour liquid interphase of the hydrocarbon feed stream are configured to supply the additives; and 2) supply of the additive discontinues from a particular injection nozzle when a distance between the injection nozzle and the vapour liquid interphase is less than or equal to a second distance. The apparatus optionally includes a mechanical drive system moving at least one of the conduits based on the level of the vapour liquid interphase in the coker drum.

Abstract: The present subject matter describes a gasification system (100) for gasifying a variety of feedstocks. A first stage gasifier (105) receives a feedstock either from a first group of feedstocks or a second group of feedstocks or both. The first stage gasifier decomposes the received feedstock to produce a first product. A second stage gasifier (115) is connected to the first stage gasifier (105) for receiving the first product. In addition, the second stage gasifier (115) receives a feedstock either from a third group of feedstocks or a fourth group of feedstocks or both. The second stage gasifier (115) gasifies the first product and the received feedstock to produce syngas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for desulfurization of diesel with reduced hydrogen consumption. More particularly the subject invention pertains to an integrated process comprising diesel hydro de-sulfurisation (DHDS) or diesel hydrotreatment (DHDT) with reduced severity to desulfurize high sulfur (1.0-2.0 wt %) diesel stream to a much lower level of sulfur content of 350-500 ppm in the depleted diesel stream, followed by a novel adsorption procedure for effecting deep desulfurization to reduce overall sulfur content to less than 10 ppm with reduced hydrogen consumption, as compared to high severity DHDS or DHDT procedures of the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for deep desulphurization of cracked gasoline with minimum octane loss of about 1-2 units. In this process full range cracked gasoline from FCC, Coker, Visbreaker etc is sent to Diolefin Saturation Reactor for selective saturation of diolefins. After saturation of diolefins, the stream is sent to Splitter for splitting into three cuts i.e Light Cut (IBP-70° C.), Intermediate Cut (70-90° C.) and Heavy Cut (90-210° C.). The Light Cut which contains majority of the high octane olefins and mercaptan sulfur is desulfurized with caustic treatment using Continuous Film Contactor (CFC). The sulfur in the Intermediate Cut is also predominantly mercaptans and the cut can be desulfurised by caustic treatment using CFC along with Light cut or separately desulfurised before being sent for isomerization. The Heavy Cut containing mainly thiophinic sulfur compounds is treated either by using conventional HDS process or reactive adsorption process.

Abstract: The invention describes process for demetallation of vegetable oils and animal fats to reduce metal content below 1 ppm to make them suitable for hydroprocessing feedstocks. The process comprises acid treatment with very low concentration of acids, utilizing synergistic effect of phosphoric acid and citric acid, followed by counter-current treatment with clay without intermediate step of water washing and treatment with ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates a metal passivator additive comprising: a rare earth component; alumina; clay; colloidal silica; and a zeolite having high silica to alumina ratio.

Abstract: The present subject matter describes a gasification system (100) for gasifying a variety of feedstocks. A first stage gasifier (105) receives a feedstock either from a first group of feedstocks or a second group of feedstocks or both. The first stage gasifier decomposes the received feedstock to produce a first product. A second stage gasifier (115) is connected to the first stage gasifier (105) for receiving the first product. In addition, the second stage gasifier (115) receives a feedstock either from a third group of feedstocks or a fourth group of feedstocks or both. The second stage gasifier (115) gasifies the first product and the received feedstock to produce syngas.

Abstract: A process for selective removal of mercaptan from aviation turbine fuel feed includes mixing aviation turbine fuel feed with hydrogen, at a pressure in a range from 3 bar to 20 bar to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is heated at a temperature range of 150° C. to 350° C. to obtain a heated mixture. The heated mixture is reacted with a hydrotreating catalyst in a rector to obtain a reactor effluent, and H2S gas is stripped from the reactor effluent to obtain a stripper bottom product. Moisture is removed from the stripper bottom product to obtain aviation turbine fuel product having less than 10 ppm mercaptan. The aviation fuel product has improved properties such as color and acidity. Embodiments also relate to an aviation turbine fuel product having less than 10 ppm mercaptan prepared by the described process of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process and apparatus for simultaneous conversion of lighter and heavier hydrocarbon feedstocks into improved yields of light olefins in the range of C2 to C4, liquid aromatics in the range C6 to C8 mainly benzene, toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene and other useful products employing at least two different reactors operated in series with respect to catalyst flow and parallel with respect to feed flow under different regimes and process conditions with same catalyst system.

Abstract: An apparatus for catalytic cracking of feedstock includes a first channel in which a feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to obtain a treated intermediate. The apparatus further comprises a separator-reactor vessel. The separator-reactor vessel includes an adsorbent separating region to remove the adsorbent from the treated intermediate. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a second channel connected to the adsorbent separating region. The treated intermediate is contacted with a catalyst in the second channel to produce a cracking yield. The second channel terminates in a catalyst separating region of the separator-reactor vessel. The catalyst is removed from the cracking yield in the catalyst separating region. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a physical partition disposed between the adsorbent separating region and the catalyst separating region to separate the two regions.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to a process of reforming a natural gas stream by steam. The reforming is carried out at a temperature within a predetermined range to form a substantially carbon monoxide free product mixture of hydrogen and natural gas. The reforming is carried out in presence of a nickel-based catalyst. The temperature is controlled in a range of about 350° C. to about 390° C. The reforming can be started or stopped or its rate can be varied, based on an outflow demand of the product mixture of hydrogen and natural gas.