Abstract: An article of manufacture includes a three-dimensional (3D) printed object for chemical reaction control. The 3D printed object includes a chemical reactant to be released to control a chemical reaction according to a chemical reactant release profile. The chemical reactant release profile is determined based on a shape of the 3D printed object.

Abstract: A process a process of forming a non-halogenated flame retardant (FR) hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) cross-linker is disclosed. The process includes forming a mixture that includes a first molecule having a hindered amine group. The first molecule corresponds to a functionalized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) molecule. The process also includes forming the non-halogenated FR HALS cross-linker via a chemical reaction of the first molecule a second molecule. The second molecule includes a phosphoryl group, a chloride group, and at least one cross-linkable (CL) moiety.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a composition is provided that includes an indenofluorene moiety; an alkyl radical, an aryl radical, or a heteroaryl radical chemically bound to the indenofluorene moiety; and an electron donor moiety bound to the indenofluorene moiety. In another embodiment, a device is provided that includes compositions described herein. In another embodiment, a method of forming a donor-acceptor small molecule or a donor-acceptor copolymer is provided that includes forming an indenofluorene moiety; forming an electron donor moiety; and reacting the indenofluorene moiety with the electron donor moiety in a cross-coupling reaction.

Abstract: A flame-retardant sugar derivative, a process for forming a flame-retardant sugar derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame-retardant sugar derivative are disclosed. The flame-retardant sugar derivative can be synthesized from sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame-retardant sugar derivative can include reacting sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant sugar derivative.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The flame-retardant compound includes a tetrazine moiety and at least one organophosphorus moiety. The process includes obtaining starting materials, which include a benzonitrile compound, a phosphorus-based compound, and hydrazine. The process also includes reacting the starting materials to form a tetrazine flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and a flame-retardant compound having a tetrazine moiety and at least one organophosphorus moiety.

Abstract: A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

Abstract: A process of improving resistance to conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation is disclosed. The process includes dissolving a base resin material, a lubricant material, and a coupling agent in a solvent to form a functionalized sizing agent solution. The process also includes applying the functionalized sizing agent solution to individual glass fibers following a glass fiber formation process. The process further includes removing the solvent via a thermal process that partially converts the base resin material. The thermal process results in formation of coated glass fibers having a flowable resin coating that is compatible with a pre-impregnated (prepreg) matrix material utilized to form a prepreg material for manufacturing a printed circuit board. During one or more printed circuit board manufacturing operations, the flowable resin coating flows to fill voids between the individual glass fibers that represent CAF formation pathways.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture comprising a material containing a flame-retardant polyetheretherketone based polymer are disclosed. The flame-retardant compound includes two or more polyetheretherketone polymer chains and at least one flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linker moiety, wherein the flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linker moiety contains at least one flame-retardant functional group. The process includes selecting a flame-retardant aryl diamine, wherein the flame-retardant aryl diamine contains at least one flame-retardant functional group, selecting a polyetheretherketone polymer, and reacting the flame-retardant aryl diamine with the polyetheretherketone polymer to form a flame-retardant polyetheretherketone based polymer having flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linkers, wherein the flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linkers contain the at least one flame-retardant functional group.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture. The flame-retardant compound includes a tetrazine moiety and at least one ligand comprising a brominated moiety. The process includes providing starting materials, which include a nitrile compound, a bromine source, and hydrazine. The process also includes reacting the starting materials to form a tetrazine flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and a flame-retardant compound having a tetrazine moiety and at least one ligand comprising a brominated moiety.

Abstract: A biobased flame retardant, a process for forming a biobased flame retardant, and an article of manufacture. The flame-retardant compound includes at least one moiety derived from a biobased dicarboxylic acid and at least one organophosphorus moiety. The process includes providing an organophosphorus compound and malic acid or a hydroxylated derivative of a biobased dicarboxylic acid. The process also includes reacting the organophosphorus compound and the malic acid or hydroxylated derivative to form a flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and an organophosphorus flame retardant derived from a biobased dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A terminally-functionalized derivative of a cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) compound, a method to form a polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer derived from the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative. The terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative has two, three, four, or five reactive functional groups. The polymer is prepared by obtaining CNSL compounds, reacting the CNSL compounds to form the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative, and polymerizing the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative.

Abstract: A glass fiber cloth includes a first warp glass fiber, a second warp glass fiber, and a weft glass fiber. The second warp glass fiber is adjacent to the first warp glass fiber. The weft glass fiber is overlaid over the first warp glass fiber and the second warp glass fiber. The weft glass fiber is attached to the first warp glass fiber.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The flame-retardant compound includes a tetrazine moiety and at least one organophosphorus moiety. The process includes obtaining starting materials, which include a benzonitrile compound, a phosphorus-based compound, and hydrazine. The process also includes reacting the starting materials to form a tetrazine flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and a flame-retardant compound having a tetrazine moiety and at least one organophosphorus moiety.

Abstract: A compliant pin system includes a pin having a compliant section including a first leg and an opposing second leg. A first plurality of contact members extend along the first leg. A second plurality of contact members extend along the second leg. A pin validation system is operatively connected to the first plurality of contact members and the second plurality of contact members. The pin validation system detects a presence of an electrical signal passing between corresponding pairs of the first plurality of contact members and the second plurality of contact members to determine an integrity of the compliant pin.

Abstract: A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.

Abstract: Phosphate-based polyallyl isocyanurate cross-linker compounds, polyalkenyl isocyanurate cross-linker compounds, and a flame-retardant resin are disclosed. The phosphate-based polyallyl isocyanurate compound can have allyl phosphate substituents with variable functional groups. The phosphate-based polyallyl isocyanurate compound can have three or six allyl phosphate substituents. The brominated polyalkenyl isocyanurate compound can have brominated alkene-terminated substituents. The brominated alkene-terminated substituents can have variable functional groups and variable chain lengths. Both the phosphate-based polyallyl isocyanurate compounds and the brominated polyalkenyl isocyanurate compounds can be cross-linkers for epoxide polymers, acrylate polymers, vinylbenzene-terminated poly(phenyleneoxide) polymers, etc. The phosphate-based polyallyl isocyanurate compounds and the brominated polyalkenyl isocyanurate compounds can also be flame-retardant.

Abstract: A flame retardant lysine-based derivative, a process for forming a flame retardant lysine-based derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame retardant lysine-based derivative are disclosed. The flame retardant lysine-derived molecule can be synthesized from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. A flame retardant proline-based derivative, a process for forming a flame retardant proline-based derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame retardant proline-based derivative are also disclosed. The flame retardant proline-derived molecule can be synthesized from a bio-based source and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a composition is provided that includes an indenofluorene moiety; an alkyl radical, an aryl radical, or a heteroaryl radical chemically bound to the indenofluorene moiety; and an electron donor moiety bound to the indenofluorene moiety. In another embodiment, a device is provided that includes compositions described herein. In another embodiment, a method of forming a donor-acceptor small molecule or a donor-acceptor copolymer is provided that includes forming an indenofluorene moiety; forming an electron donor moiety; and reacting the indenofluorene moiety with the electron donor moiety in a cross-coupling reaction.

Abstract: A process of in-situ detection of hollow fiber formation includes immersing a plurality of individual glass fibers in an index-matching material. The index-matching material has a first refractive index that substantially matches a second refractive index of the glass fibers. The process also includes exposing the individual glass fibers to a light source during immersion in the index-matching material. The process further includes utilizing one or more optical components to collect optical data for the individual glass fibers during immersion in the index-matching material. The process also includes determining, based on the optical data, that a particular glass fiber of the plurality of individual glass fibers includes a hollow fiber.

Abstract: A process includes providing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester (FDME), reacting the FDME with a Grignard reagent to form a bis-alkylketone furan having R groups selected from the group consisting of a C1-C20 linear alkyl chain, a C2-C24 branched alkyl chain, and a hydrogen atom. An additional process includes mixing a 3,4-dibrominated bis-alkylketone furan with potassium carbonate, and adding ethyl-mercaptoacetate to the mixture. This process also includes stirring the mixture to form a bis-alkyl-DTF diester fused ring structure, which is then brominated to form a dibromo-DTF compound.