Abstract: A microcapsule encapsulates a payload agent, the microcapsule having a microcapsule shell material that is rupturable (e.g., to release the encapsulated payload agent) via a retro-dimerization reaction.

Abstract: According to one aspect, a process of forming a diisocyanate compound from limonene is disclosed. The process includes performing an oxidation reaction to form a limonene-ketone from limonene having a ketone group at a first position. The process includes performing a conjugate addition reaction on the limonene-ketone to form a limonene-nitrile having a nitrile group bonded at a second position. The process also includes performing a reductive amination reaction on the limonene-nitrile to form a limonene-diamine by reducing the nitrile group to form a first amine group and converting the ketone group to a second amine group. The process further includes forming the diisocyanate compound by converting the first amine group of the limonene-diamine to a first isocyanate group and the second amine group of the limonene-diamine to a second isocyanate group.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a precursor for synthesizing a number of molecules for use in organic photovoltaics. The precursor is diiodo-furopyran (DFP), such as dibromo-DFP (DBDFP), to be used to synthesize a number of different molecules for use in organic photovoltaics. DFP possesses numerous reactive sites that can be used to simultaneously modify the backbone structure (which can be used to tune electronic and crystalline properties) and the side-chains (affecting the solubility and the solubility of any subsequent copolymers). Each of the molecules has either a biisocoumarin or biisoquinoline core structure and can be easily varied to yield a different functional backbone or different substituents. The molecules can be used in copolymers or small molecules for use in OPVs.

Abstract: A photo-absorbing composition having a structure from the group consisting of wherein DASM is a small molecule comprising one or more electron donor portions and one or more electron acceptor portions and NG is a nanographene structure, and m, n, and o are integers greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: A flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame retardant sugar-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can be synthesized from arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule can include reacting arabitol, xylitol, arabic acid, or xylonic acid and a flame retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame retardant sugar-derived molecule.

Abstract: A process includes providing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester (FDME), reacting the FDME with a Grignard reagent to form a bis-alkylketone furan having R groups selected from the group consisting of a C1-C20 linear alkyl chain, a C2-C24 branched alkyl chain, and a hydrogen atom. An additional process includes mixing a 3,4-dibrominated bis-alkylketone furan with potassium carbonate, and adding ethyl-mercaptoacetate to the mixture. This process also includes stirring the mixture to form a bis-alkyl-DTF diester fused ring structure, which is then brominated to form a dibromo-DTF compound.

Abstract: According to one aspect, a process of forming a diisocyanate compound from limonene is disclosed. The process includes performing an oxidation reaction to form a limonene-ketone from limonene having a ketone group at a first position. The process includes performing a conjugate addition reaction on the limonene-ketone to form a limonene-nitrile having a nitrile group bonded at a second position. The process also includes performing a reductive amination reaction on the limonene-nitrile to form a limonene-diamine by reducing the nitrile group to form a first amine group and converting the ketone group to a second amine group. The process further includes forming the diisocyanate compound by converting the first amine group of the limonene-diamine to a first isocyanate group and the second amine group of the limonene-diamine to a second isocyanate group.

Abstract: A process of improving resistance to conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation is disclosed. The process includes dissolving a base resin material, a lubricant material, and a coupling agent in a solvent to form a functionalized sizing agent solution. The process also includes applying the functionalized sizing agent solution to individual glass fibers following a glass fiber formation process. The process further includes removing the solvent via a thermal process that partially converts the base resin material. The thermal process results in formation of coated glass fibers having a flowable resin coating that is compatible with a pre-impregnated (prepreg) matrix material utilized to form a prepreg material for manufacturing a printed circuit board. During one or more printed circuit board manufacturing operations, the flowable resin coating flows to fill voids between the individual glass fibers that represent CAF formation pathways.

Abstract: A component having a coating comprising a material in a first phase (e.g., solid and/or liquid phase) with a transition temperature. The component is mechanically and/or electrically attached to a substrate. Exposure of the coating to a temperature that meets or exceeds the transition temperature causes the material to undergo a phase change. The phase change of the material alters the position of the component, including separation of the component from the substrate. The separation disrupts the attachment, thereby mitigating damage to the substrate and/or component.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a multiple-layer printed circuit board includes selectively applying a dielectric resin to a region of a circuitized core layer. The process also includes partially curing the dielectric resin prior to performing a lamination cycle to form the multiple-layer printed circuit board that includes the circuitized core layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a photosensitizer product that is resistant to absorption by living tissue that may include binding a photosensitizer compound with an oxide-containing particle to provide the photosensitizer derivative having a microscale size, and mixing the photosensitizer derivative into a lotion. The microscale size of the photosensitizer derivative obstructs absorption by cell tissue.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a multiple-layer printed circuit board includes selectively applying a dielectric resin to a region of a circuitized core layer. The process also includes partially curing the dielectric resin prior to performing a lamination cycle to form the multiple-layer printed circuit board that includes the circuitized core layer.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured with a component having a coating comprising a material in a first phase (e.g., solid and/or liquid phase) with a transition temperature. The component is mechanically and/or electrically attached to a substrate. Exposure of the coating to a temperature that meets or exceeds the transition temperature causes the material to undergo a phase change. The phase change of the material alters the position of the component, including separation of the component from the substrate. The separation disrupts the attachment, thereby mitigating damage to the substrate and/or component.

Abstract: A process of improving resistance to conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation is disclosed. The process includes dissolving a base resin material, a lubricant material, and a coupling agent in a solvent to form a functionalized sizing agent solution. The process also includes applying the functionalized sizing agent solution to individual glass fibers following a glass fiber formation process. The process further includes removing the solvent via a thermal process that partially converts the base resin material. The thermal process results in formation of coated glass fibers having a flowable resin coating that is compatible with a pre-impregnated (prepreg) matrix material utilized to form a prepreg material for manufacturing a printed circuit board. During one or more printed circuit board manufacturing operations, the flowable resin coating flows to fill voids between the individual glass fibers that represent CAF formation pathways.

Abstract: An organic semiconducting donor-acceptor (D-A) small molecule, as well as a semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule, are disclosed. The D-A small molecule can have electron deficient substituents and R group substituents that can be C1-C20 linear alkyl chains, C2-C24 branched alkyl chains, hydrogen atoms, etc. The D-A small molecule can be can be synthesized in a reaction between a dithienofuran (DTF) core monomer and an electron deficient monomer. Additionally, the D-A small molecule can be part of an organic semiconducting copolymer. A semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule in a photoactive layer is also disclosed herein. Additionally, 3,4-dibrominated furan compound that can, in some embodiments, be a precursor for the D-A small molecule is disclosed. The 3,4-dibrominated furan compound can be synthesized in a reaction involving a furan-2,5-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester (FDME), which can have a bio-renewable precursor.

Abstract: A process of forming a gluten-derived flame retardant material includes forming an amine-functionalized flame retardant molecule that includes an aryl halide group and a phosphorus moiety. The process also includes chemically reacting the amine-functionalized flame retardant molecule with a first gluten protein under transamidation conditions to bind the phosphorus moiety to secondary amine of the first gluten protein. The process further includes initiating a cross-coupling reaction between the aryl halide group and a terminal amine group of a second gluten protein to form a gluten-derived flame retardant material.

Abstract: A flame-retardant sugar derivative, a process for forming a flame-retardant sugar derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame-retardant sugar derivative are disclosed. The flame-retardant sugar derivative can be synthesized from sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame-retardant sugar derivative can include reacting sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant sugar derivative.

Abstract: A method for forming a photosensitizer product that is resistant to absorption by living tissue that may include binding a photosensitizer compound with an oxide-containing particle to provide the photosensitizer derivative having a microscale size, and mixing the photosensitizer derivative into a lotion. The microscale size of the photosensitizer derivative obstructs absorption by cell tissue.

Abstract: A flame-retardant sugar derivative, a process for forming a flame-retardant sugar derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame-retardant sugar derivative are disclosed. The flame-retardant sugar derivative can be synthesized from sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame-retardant sugar derivative can include reacting sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant sugar derivative.

Abstract: A layup for multiple-layer printed circuit board manufacturing is formed according to a process that includes selectively applying a dielectric resin to a high resin demand region of a circuitized core layer without applying the dielectric resin to another region of the circuitized core layer. The process also includes partially curing the dielectric resin within the high resin demand region. The process further includes forming a layup that includes a layer of pre-impregnated (prepreg) material adjacent to the partially cured dielectric resin within the high resin demand region of the circuitized core layer.