Abstract: A process for functionalizing a carbon surface and the product thereof is disclosed. The first reactant used contains one or more electron withdrawing groups that thereafter can be reacted with other compounds. The reaction product has enhanced dispersability, interaction with other media, or other utilitarian uses, e.g. a reactive surface. The reaction product is then incorporated into an elastomeric or thermoplastic composition; it can be dispersed in a liquid media such as an ink, coating, or lubricant; or it can be used as a solid in applications such as a filtering media.

Abstract: A process for functionalizing a carbon surface and the product thereof is disclosed. The first reactant used contains one or more electron withdrawing groups that thereafter can be reacted with other compounds. The reaction product has enhanced dispersability, interaction with other media, or other utilitarian uses, e.g. a reactive surface. The reaction product is then incorporated into an elastomeric or thermoplastic composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsified water fuel blend containing aqueous organic ammonium salts. The emulsified water fuel blend lowers nitrogen oxide emissions from engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a powder coating composition made by combining at least two components comprising (A) a film forming thermosetting resin composition; and (B) a transfer-efficiency enhancing amount of at least one amide; wherein component (B) is incorporated into the powder coating composition by the addition of component (B) to an extruded composition comprising components other than (B). The invention also relates to a method for coating a substrate using the foregoing powder coating composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a powder-coating composition made from at least two components comprising: (a) a film-forming resin composition; and (b) a transfer efficiency-enhancing amount of at least one additive compound comprising a 5- or 6-membered ring, the ring atoms of the ring comprising at least two heteroatoms; one heteroatom being nitrogen, the second heteroatom being selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; said compound having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent of 1 to about 50 carbon atoms; wherein component (B) is incorporated into the powder coating composition by addition of component (B) to an extruded composition comprising components other than component (B). The invention also relates to a method of coating a substrate using the foregoing powder coating composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a powder coating composition made from at least two components comprising (A) a film forming resin composition; and (B) a transfer efficiency enhancing amount of at least one aromatic ring compound containing at least two substituents, wherein one of the two substituents is selected independently from the group consisting of (i) groups containing at least one carboxy or a carboxy producing moiety; (ii) alkoxy groups; and (iii) halogen groups; and the second substitutent is a nitro or a halogen group; wherein component (B) is incorporated into the powder coating composition by addition of component (B) to an extruded composition comprising components other than component (B) The invention also relates to a method for coating a substrate using the foregoing powder coating composition.

Abstract: Ceramic-containing engines are lubricated by compositions containing synthetic ester base stock. Suitable esters include those prepared from iso- and neo-acids of medium chain length and polyols including inositol.

Abstract: This invention relates to copper-containing organometallic complexes, and to concentrates and diesel fuels containing said complexes. The diesel fuels are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The copper-containing organometallic complex is used for lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The copper-containing organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a copper-containing metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i). The functional groups are .dbd.X, --XR, --NR., --NO., .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR or --N.dbd.CR.; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10).

Abstract: This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective mount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.

Abstract: Ceramic-containing engines are lubricated by compositions containing synthetic ester base stock. Suitable esters include those prepared from iso- and neo-acids of medium chain length and polyols including inositol.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a composition comprising:(A) at least 50% by weight of a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon having one or two carbon atoms; and(B) from about 9% to about 30% by weight of a phosphorus-containing lubricant composition comprising at least one compound characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups or hydrocarbyloxyalkylene groups and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together have from 2 to about 24 carbon atoms excluding any oxyalkylene carbon atoms; and Z is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.The present invention provides phosphorous-containing compositions which are compatible with fluorine-containing hydrocarbons used in refrigerators and air-conditioners, and are accordingly useful as refrigeration liquids in refrigerators and air-conditioners including auto, home, and industrial air-conditioners.

Abstract: This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective amount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to copper-containing organometallic complexes, and to concentrates and diesel fuels containing said complexes. The diesel fuels are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The copper-containing organometallic complex is used for lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The copper-containing organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a copper-containing metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i). The functional groups are .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR or --N.dbd.CR.sub.2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10).

Abstract: This invention relates to combinations of (A) organometallic complexes and (B) antioxidants. These combinations can be used in diesel fuels for operating diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The combination of (A) and (B) is useful in lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The organometallic complex (A) is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10).

Abstract: This invention relates to diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective amount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10). Useful metals include Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, B, Pb, Sb, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing compositions and carboxylic ester compositions are described. The esters are useful as synthetic lubes and as lubricants in liquid compositions containing fluorine-containing hydrocarbons. A liquid composition also is described comprising(A) a major amount of a fluorine containing hydrocarbon containing one or two carbon atoms, and(B) a minor amount of a soluble organic lubricant comprising at least one carboxylic ester characterized by the formulae ##STR1## wherein R* is a hydrocarbylene group or a hydrocarbylene group substituted with a --P(O)(OR.sup.3).sub.2 group;Z is --COOR.sup.1, --C(O)NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --C(O)(OR.sup.6)yN(R.sup.4)C(O)R.sup.7, C(O)(OR.sup.6)yOC(O)R.sup.7, --CN, --CHO, or --C(O)R.sup.7 ;R.sup.o is an alkylene group;R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbyloxy hydrocarbyl group and R.sup.1 may be the same as R.sup.3 ;R.sup.3 is independently a hydrocarbyl group;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a composition comprising a cementitious material and a hydrocarbyloxyalkyleneoxyalkylenecarboxylic acid or a salt thereof. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyloxyalkyleneoxyalkylenecarboxylic acid or salt thereof may be represented by the formula:(R.sup.1 O(R.sup.2 O).sub.n (CH.sub.2).sub.y CO.sub.2).sub.x Mwherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group, n is at least 1, y is at least 1, M is hydrogen, or a metal cation, and x is the valence of M. A cured cementitious structure comprising the composition and optionally a gas is also disclosed. The cementitious structures exhibit increased freeze-thaw stability.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a particular antiemulsion agent which is useful in retarding foam and/or emulsion formation in an engine. In particular, the agent is effective at preventing or retarding emulsion or foaming in an engine oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising:(A) a major amount of a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon containing one or two carbon atoms; and(B) a minor amount of a tertiary amide represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein a is one or two, provided that when a is one, R is a hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbylpolyoxyalkylene group, and when a is two, R is a hydrocarbonylene group;each R.sub.1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group, a hydrocarbyl terminated polyoxyalkylene group, or taken together form a pyrrolidinyl group provided that in Formula I, when a is one, R has one carbon atom and R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group, that R.sub.1 has at least eight carbon atoms. The present invention provides compositions which are useful as refrigeration liquids in refrigerators and air-conditioners including auto, home and industrial air-conditioners. The invention provides tertiary amides which are compatible with fluorine-containing hydrocarbons used in refrigerators and air-conditioners.

Abstract: A liquid composition is described which comprises(A) a major amount of at least one fluorine containing hydrocarbon containing one or two carbon atoms; and(B) a minor amount of at least one soluble organic lubricant comprising at least one organic thiocarbamate characterized by the formulaeR.sub.1 R.sub.2 NC(X)SC(R.sub.3 R.sub.4) (C(H) (R.sub.5)).sub.a Z , or tm (I)(R.sub.1 R.sub.2 NC(X)SC(R.sub.3 R.sub.4) (C(H) (R.sub.5)).sub.a C(X)A).sub.2 Z' (II)wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or together form a heterocyclic group in which the ring is completed trough the nitrogen;X is O or S;A is O, S or NR;R is H or a lower alkyl group;R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently H, lower alkyl or aryl groups;a is 0 or 1;Z is --CN, --S(O)R.sub.6, --S(O)OR.sub.6, --S(O).sub.2 R.sub.6, --S(O).sub.2 OR.sub.6, or --C(O)Y;R.sub.6 is --H, alkyl or aralkyl;Y is --H, --OH, --R.sub.7, --OR.sub.7, --OR.sub.8 OH, or --NR.sub.9 R.sub.10 ;R.sub.