Abstract: A battery rack includes: a plurality of battery packs; a plurality of slave battery management systems, each of the slave battery management systems being coupled to a corresponding one of the battery packs, being powered by an operating power, and being configured to use the corresponding one of the battery packs for the operating power in response to receiving a corresponding one of a plurality of operating power changing signals; and a master battery management system coupled to the slave battery management systems and configured to transmit the operating power changing signals to the slave battery management systems.

Abstract: A super-regenerative receiver (SRR) includes a super-regenerative oscillator (SRO), and an active channel filter disposed at a front end of the SRO, and configured to filter out an interferer in a signal received by the SRR.

Abstract: A reception apparatus having a dual reception structure includes a first receiver having a first quality (Q) factor and configured to receive a signal in a predetermined band in response to the first receiver being selected by a reception controller; a second receiver having a second Q factor greater than the first Q factor and configured to receive the signal in the predetermined band in response to the second receiver being selected by the reception controller; and a reception controller configured to select one of the first receiver and the second receiver based on interference information associated with an adjacent band adjacent to the predetermined band.

Abstract: Provided is a double crosslinked sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofiltration membrane, including: a porous polymer support; and a sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol blend coating layer formed on the porous polymer support and having a first crosslinking structure formed by complexation with divalent metal ions and a second crosslinking structure formed by acetalization with aldehyde groups. The double crosslinked sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofiltration membrane disclosed herein not only shows excellent chlorine resistance but also has improved water permeation flux and salt rejection ratio, and thus may be manufactured in the form of a spirally wound type membrane module and applied to a water treatment system in which it may be utilized for an actual nanofiltration separation process.

Abstract: A sliding intermediate frequency (IF) receiver and a sliding IF reception method are provided. A first local oscillation signal and a second local oscillation signal may be generated, based on a division ratio of a frequency of the first local oscillation signal to a frequency of the second local oscillation signal that is determined in advance so that an amount of power to be consumed or an error rate of the sliding IF receiver is optimized. A received input signal may be converted to a first IF signal, based on the first local oscillation signal, and the first IF signal may be converted to a second IF signal, based on the second local oscillation signal.

Abstract: Provided is a nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane including a hydrophobic polymer matrix impregnated with graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide. The PAN/GO nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane has improved mechanical properties, high permeability and a high salt rejection ratio, and excellent anti-fouling property and durability. Thus, the nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane may be manufactured in the form of a membrane module applied to a water treatment system so that it may be utilized in an actual ultrafiltration separation process.

Abstract: Provided is a polyacrylonitrile/chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane, including: a polyacrylonitrile support; and a chitosan coating layer modified with graphene oxide, or a polyacrylonitrile/chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane, including: a polyacrylonitrile support modified with graphene oxide; and a chitosan coating layer or chitosan coating layer modified with graphene oxide. The polyacrylonitrile/chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane containing graphene oxide shows high permeability and a high salt rejection ratio, has excellent anti-fouling property and chlorine resistance, and thus may be manufactured in the form of a spirally wound type membrane module applied to a water treatment system so that it may be utilized for an actual nanofiltration separation process.

Abstract: A power circuit for reducing a leakage power using a negative voltage is provided. The power circuit includes a current source including a transistor including a gate. The power circuit further includes a current source control circuit connected to the gate of the transistor, and configured to apply a positive voltage to the gate of the transistor if the current source is to operate in an active mode, and apply the negative voltage to the gate of the transistor if the current source is to operate in an inactive mode.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for wireless power reception are provided. A wireless power receiver includes a receiving unit configured to wirelessly receive a power. The wireless power receiver further includes a power consuming unit configured to consume the power, until a voltage applied to a load reaches a predetermined value, so that an amount of a power transferred from the receiving unit to the load is less than or equal to an initial accommodation power amount of the load.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) includes a counter configured to measure voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) information of an oscillator during a mask time, and a frequency tuner configured to tune a frequency of the oscillator to a target frequency, based on a comparison result obtained by comparing the VCO information to target frequency information.

Abstract: Provided is a method and an apparatus to calibrate an output of an oscillator. The method includes calibrating the output frequency of the oscillator to be a predetermined frequency. The method also generates a differential signal corresponding to the calibrated frequency, and operates the oscillator in response to the differential signal. The oscillator is controlled by the differential signal to remove common mode noise.

Abstract: A battery management system (BMS) includes a first switch, a master BMS, and a slave BMS. The first switch is coupled to a charging and discharging path of a battery pack, which includes at least one battery cell. The master BMS is electrically coupled to the first switch to control operation of the first switch. The slave BMS obtains information of the battery pack, determines a status of the battery pack based on the information, and controls operation of the first switch based on the status of the battery pack.

Abstract: An energy storage system including: a battery; a power conditioning system coupled to the battery, switches coupleable to an internal load of the power conditioning system, the battery, a grid, or an external load; and a controller to: receive energy usage cost information of the grid and residual capacity information of the battery; determine which of an energy of the battery or the grid is to be provided to the external load, and to determine which of the energy of the battery or the grid is to be provided to the internal load, according to the energy usage cost information and the residual capacity information; and control the switches according to the determination to provide the energy of the battery or the grid to the external load, and to provide the energy of the battery or the grid to the internal load.

Abstract: A sliding intermediate frequency (IF) receiver and a sliding IF reception method are provided. A first local oscillation signal and a second local oscillation signal may be generated, based on a division ratio of a frequency of the first local oscillation signal to a frequency of the second local oscillation signal that is determined in advance so that an amount of power to be consumed or an error rate of the sliding IF receiver is optimized. A received input signal may be converted to a first IF signal, based on the first local oscillation signal, and the first IF signal may be converted to a second IF signal, based on the second local oscillation signal.

Abstract: An envelope detection apparatus dynamically controlled in response to an input signal and an envelope detection method thereof are provided. The envelope detection apparatus includes an envelope detector configured to output an envelope of an input signal. The envelope detection apparatus further includes a detection band determination unit configured to determine a detection band based on the input signal. The envelope detection apparatus further includes a detection band controller configured to control a detection band of the envelope detector based on the determined detection band.

Abstract: Provided is a method and an apparatus to calibrate an output of an oscillator. The method includes calibrating the output frequency of the oscillator to be a predetermined frequency. The method also generates a differential signal corresponding to the calibrated frequency, and operates the oscillator in response to the differential signal. The oscillator is controlled by the differential signal to remove common mode noise.

Abstract: A reception apparatus having a dual reception structure includes a first receiver having a first quality (Q) factor and configured to receive a signal in a predetermined band in response to the first receiver being selected by a reception controller; a second receiver having a second Q factor greater than the first Q factor and configured to receive the signal in the predetermined band in response to the second receiver being selected by the reception controller; and a reception controller configured to select one of the first receiver and the second receiver based on interference information associated with an adjacent band adjacent to the predetermined band.

Abstract: A filter and a transceiver in a radio frequency (RF) band, using a bulk acoustic wave resonator (BAWR), are provided. The RF filter includes at least one low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) BAWR. The RF filter further includes at least one high quality factor (Q) BAWR including a high Q compared to the at least one low TCF BAWR, the at least one low TCF BAWR including a low TCF compared to the at least one high Q BAWR.

Abstract: A super-regenerative receiver (SRR) includes a super-regenerative oscillator (SRO), and an active channel filter disposed at a front end of the SRO, and configured to filter out an interferer in a signal received by the SRR.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) includes a counter configured to measure voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) information of an oscillator during a mask time, and a frequency tuner configured to tune a frequency of the oscillator to a target frequency, based on a comparison result obtained by comparing the VCO information to target frequency information.