Abstract: One substrate of a color liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of common electrodes, a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed between the plurality of common electrodes, color filters disposed between the common electrodes and the pixel electrodes, an orientation control layer disposed on the color filters for controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer, and black matrixes for shading boundaries of the color filters. An electric field parallel to the substrate is generated in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between the common electrodes and the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a black sealant for liquid crystal cell comprising (a) an epoxy resin, (b) a novolac resin, (c) a curing accelerator and (d) a titanium-type black pigment. The use of the black sealant for liquid crystal cell of the present invention can provide a liquid crystal cell which prevents light leakage of the liquid crystal cell from the sealed portion, which has a high electrical insulation property and which is excellent in an adhesion strength and a humidity resistance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. A video signal line and scanning signal line formed on one of the pair of substrates cross each other in a matrix form with a plurality of pixels are formed by adjoining the video signal lines and the scanning signal lines. A pixel electrode and a counter electrode are arranged in the plurality of pixels, respectively. A transparent electrically conductive layer is formed over one of the pair of substrates at a viewed side of the liquid crystal display device which is opposite to the liquid crystal layer side and the counter electrode is provided adjacent to the video signal line.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, respective ones of the electrodes on a substrate are provided so that an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate can be supplied to a liquid crystal layer. Polarizers for changing the optical characteristics based on the alignment of the liquid crystal layer are provided, as well as a shielding layer formed in parallel to the image signal electrodes on the substrate. The specific resistivity of the shielding layer is less than 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: A music navigator provides a visual image indication or presentation of fingering motion of a hand in playing notes. In an embodiment, the music navigator employs a fingered music storage and a hand image device. When music is played on a keyboard instrument, the music navigator reads fingered music data and selects appropriate hand image data indicative of fingering motion (e.g., turning over or under of a finger) in playing a current note for visual display. In another embodiment, the music navigator provides a sequence of hand images representative of fingering motion in playing notes in a motion picture manner.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a black mask formed on one of a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition substance having a dielectric anisotropy and held between the pair of substrates, an orientation control film formed between the liquid crystal layer and one of the substrates for orienting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition substance in a predetermined direction, a polarizer laminated on at least one of the pair of substrates, and a driver for applying a drive voltage to the group of electrodes, wherein the group of electrodes has a structure that the electrodes are so arranged as to generate an electric field having a component predominantly in parallel with the interface between the orientation control film and the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal composition substance has a resistivity of not smaller than 10.

Abstract: Even when a high potential such as of static electricity is applied from the outside of the liquid crystal display panel, the display image is prevented from becoming abnormal. When a black matrix of a resin composition having a large resistivity is used, the positions of the polarizer plates, black matrix, sealing portion and open region of the housing are defined to prevent the light from leaking through the periphery of the effective pixel region. The leakage of backlight that cannot be prevented by the black matrix only is prevented by the polarizer plates and the housing, a transparent electrically conductive film having a sheet resistivity of not larger than 2.times.10.sup.4 .OMEGA./.quadrature. is formed over, under, or inside the polarizer plate, and the electrically conductive film is electrically connected to the electrically conductive housing.

Abstract: A first substrate has at least scanning signal electrodes, video signal electrodes and pixel electrodes, all of which constitute display pixels, and active elements. A first alignment layer is formed, directly or via an insulating layer, as a top layer on the electrodes constituting the display pixels and the active elements. A second substrate which is bonded to the first substrate with a very small interval provided in between is provided with a second alignment layer that is formed so as to confront the first alignment layer. A liquid crystal layer is provided in a space between the first and second alignment layers. The electrodes constituting the display pixels are formed so as to apply, to the liquid crystal layer, an electric field that is substantially parallel with the surfaces of the first and second substrates and are connected to an external control device for controlling the electric field in accordance with a desired display pattern.

Abstract: An output control apparatus is interposed between a host computer for generating data and a printer, and controls the printer. The control apparatus includes a plurality of data generators, a discriminator, a controller and a notifying device. The data generators interpret a plurality of printer languages and perform control processing. The discriminator analyzes received data and specifies by which of the plurality of data generators control based upon the received data is to be carried out. The controller, in a case where one data generator is not specified by the discriminator and an error resulting from interpretation failure occurs during the course of processing by one data generator selected under prescribed conditions, causes the discriminator to re-execute processing based upon data in which the interpretation failure occurred. The notifying device notifies of a request for re-transmission of data in a case where one of the data generators is specified anew by the controller.

Abstract: Even when a high potential such as of static electricity is applied from the outside of the liquid crystal display panel, the display image is prevented from becoming abnormal. When a black matrix of a resin composition having a large resistivity is used, the positions of the polarizer plates, black matrix, sealing portion and open region of the housing are defined to prevent the light from leaking through the periphery of the effective pixel region. The leakage of backlight that cannot be prevented by the black matrix only is prevented by the polarizer plates and the housing, a transparent electrically conductive film having a sheet resistivity of not larger than 2.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA./.quadrature. is formed over, under, or inside the polarizer plate, and the electrically conductive film is electrically connected to the electrically conductive housing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a black mask formed on one of a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition substance having a dielectric anisotropy and held between the pair of substrates, an orientation control film formed between the liquid crystal layer and one of the substrates for orienting liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition substance in a predetermined direction, a polarizer laminated on at least one of the pair of substrates, and a driver for applying a drive voltage to the group of electrodes, wherein the group of electrodes has a structure that the electrodes are so arranged as to generate an electric field having a component predominantly in parallel with the interface between the orientation control film and the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal composition substance has a resistivity of not smaller than 10.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, respective ones of the electrodes on a substrate are provided so that an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate can be supplied to a liquid crystal layer. Polarizers for changing the optical characteristics based on the alignment of the liquid crystal layer are provided, as well as a shielding layer formed in parallel to the image signal electrodes on the substrate. The specific resistivity of the shielding layer is less than 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: Electronic equipment of the invention includes a keyboard for inputting character data, a memory for storing the character data input from the keyboard, a printer for printing the character data stored in the memory, and a display for displaying the memory contents. The memory consists of a buffer for temporarily storing the character data, a cursor pointer indicating a cursor position on the display, an end pointer indicating a position immediately succeeding the position of the last character input from the keyboard, and a head pointer indicating the printing head position of the printer. The keyboard includes a relocation key in addition to various character input keys. When the relocation key is depressed, the cursor is moved to a position indicated by the cursor pointer, and when depressed again, the cursor is moved to the position indicated by the end pointer, thus facilitating correction of input errors.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprising a color filter having a structure including a black matrix BM formed on a transparent substrate, a colored layer FIL colored into at least three primary colors and formed by thermal dye transfer technology, a protective area for protecting against dye diffusion filling the gaps between the colored patterns, a transparent protective overcoat PSV2 formed on the colored layer and a transparent conductive electrode ITO2 formed on the transparent protective overcoat. The protective area against dye diffusion is constituted of a not-colored part FIL(T) of a dye receiving layer, protective overcoats PSV2 and PSV3, or of a black matrix with a high heat resistance.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprising a color filter having a structure including a black matrix BM formed on a transparent substrate, a colored layer FIL colored into at least three primary colors and formed by thermal dye transfer technology, a protective area for protecting against dye diffusion filling the gaps between the colored patterns, a transparent protective overcoat PSV2 formed on the colored layer and a transparent conductive electrode ITO2 formed on the transparent protective overcoat. The protective area against dye diffusion is constituted of a not-colored part FIL(T) of a dye receiving layer, protective overcoats PSV2 and PSV3, or of a black matrix with a high heat resistance. Moreover, the protective film is made from a metal-containing organic silicon compound that can be hardened by light or heat.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus such as an electronic typewriter includes a display device and has a plurality of modes of operation selectable by an operator. The operation mode selected by the operator is displayed on the display device that can also display character data input to the apparatus by an input device such as a keyboard. The display device displays the selected mode after displayed character data is printed in response to the operation, for example, of a carriage return key when a line-by-line printing mode is selected or a space key when a word-by-word printing mode is selected.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument with an ANY KEY mode which regards keys as a single one-key, an ON event in a non-operation state is valid, and a one-key play operation is advanced by one tone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystal modification of magnesium salt of mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate (hereinunder referred to as ".beta.-type crystal") which is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern having strong peaks at angles of diffraction of (2.theta.) [.degree.] 4.5, 8.9 and 13.3 according to X-ray diffractometry with Cu-K.alpha. line, and a process for producing the .beta.-type crystal modification of magnesium salt of mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate comprising the step of reacting a water-soluble magnesium salt with an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate. This process facilitates the production of the .beta.-type crystal modification having a higher purity than a known .alpha.-type crystal modification. The .beta.-type crystal is a very useful intermediate as a starting material of pharmaceutical.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument with an ANY KEY mode which regards keys as a single one-key, an ON event in a non-operation state is valid, and a one-key play operation is advanced by one tone.

Abstract: A printer having an underlining function includes an underline position memory. Each bit of the underline position memory is allotted to each printable position, and contents of bits corresponding to the underline positions are inverted.