Abstract: The principles described herein relate to methods for soldering electrode terminals, pins or lead-frames of commercial electric components for high temperature reliability. In one embodiment, prior to soldering the electric components, a pre-plated solder layer is removed from the lead frame or pins, and nickel and/or gold films are formed with electroless plating. The removal of the pre-plated solder layer avoids excess pre-plated Sn with high-Pb solder that lowers the melting point to between 180° C. and 220° C. and weakens solder joints. The nickel layer formed with an electroless plating acts as a barrier to the interdiffusion of tin from solder with copper of the lead frame material, which may otherwise occur at high temperatures. Interdiffusion forms an intermetallic compound layer of copper and tin and degrades solder joint strength. The novel soldering processes improve high temperature reliability of solder joints and extend electronics life-time.

Abstract: A cylinder bore (4) of a two-stroke internal combustion engine (1) has first scavenging ports (12) and second scavenging ports (13) inside. The first scavenging ports (12) are nearer to an exhaust port (11) of the engine (1) than the second scavenging ports (13). In each scavenging stroke, the second scavenging ports (13) are opened earlier than the first scavenging ports (12) and introduce fuel-free air (A) from the second scavenging ports (13) into a combustion chamber (6). The first scavenging ports (12) are opened later and introduce an air-fuel mixture (M) pre-compressed in a crank chamber (8) into the same combustion chamber (6). Thus, harmful substances contained in exhaust gas discharged from the engine (1) are reduced.

Abstract: A pressure transducer for high-pressure measurements comprising a housing and a piezoelectric resonator located in the housing, wherein the resonator comprises double rotation cut piezoelectric material configured or designed for vibrating in the fundamental tone of dual modes of the fast and slow thickness-shear vibrations.

Abstract: An air cleaner is used in a two-stroke internal combustion engine to supply an air-fuel mixture passage and a fresh air passage in a carburetor with air cleaned by an air cleaner element. The air cleaner includes an air cleaner base having an air-fuel mixture opening communicating with the air-fuel mixture passage and a fresh air opening communicating with the fresh air passage, and an air guide member provided at the air-fuel mixture opening. The air guide member is configured to curve near the air-fuel mixture opening and extend from there along the air cleaner base, and has a cross section surrounded by a peripheral wall. The air guide member defines a mixture-use air extension passage for air to be added to prepare an air-fuel mixture air-fuel mixture, which extends from a first clean air intake to the air-fuel mixture opening.

Abstract: A cylinder bore (4) of a two-stroke internal combustion engine (1) has first scavenging ports (12) and second scavenging ports (13) inside. The first scavenging ports (12) are nearer to an exhaust port (11) of the engine (1) than the second scavenging ports (13). In each scavenging stroke, the second scavenging ports (13) are opened earlier than the first scavenging ports (12) and introduce fuel-free air (A) from the second scavenging ports (13) into a combustion chamber (6). The first scavenging ports (12) are opened later and introduce an air-fuel mixture (M) pre-compressed in a crank chamber (8) into the same combustion chamber (6). Thus, harmful substances contained in exhaust gas discharged from the engine (1) are reduced.

Abstract: Methods and systems for thermal compensation of pressure measurements by a pressure gauge. Errors in pressure values are reduced by utilizing a predetermined correlation between the error in pressure measurements, due to temperature gradient in a pressure gauge, and the temperature gradient caused by temperature at a surface of the pressure gauge and temperature at an inner portion of the pressure gauge. Thermally corrected pressure values are derived based on the correlation between the pressure errors and the temperature gradients in conditions such as due to fast and large pressure variations in oil wells.

Abstract: The principles described herein relate to methods for soldering electrode terminals, pins or lead-frames of commercial electric components for high temperature reliability. In one embodiment, prior to soldering the electric components, a pre-plated solder layer is removed from the lead frame or pins, and nickel and/or gold films are formed with electroless plating. The removal of the pre-plated solder layer avoids excess pre-plated Sn with high-Pb solder that lowers the melting point to between 180° C. and 220° C. and weakens solder joints. The nickel layer formed with an electroless plating acts as a barrier to the interdiffusion of tin from solder with copper of the lead frame material, which may otherwise occur at high temperatures. Interdiffusion forms an intermetallic compound layer of copper and tin and degrades solder joint strength. The novel soldering processes improve high temperature reliability of solder joints and extend electronics life-time.

Abstract: Methods and systems for thermal compensation of pressure measurements by a pressure gauge. Errors in pressure values are reduced by utilizing a predetermined correlation between the error in pressure measurements, due to temperature gradient in a pressure gauge, and the temperature gradient caused by temperature at a surface of the pressure gauge and temperature at an inner portion of the pressure gauge. Thermally corrected pressure values are derived based on the correlation between the pressure errors and the temperature gradients in conditions such as due to fast and large pressure variations in oil wells.

Abstract: When inserting a MEMORY STICK MS, the tip portion of the MEMORY STICK MS rotates and detrudes the contact pressing plate, so that contact portions of contact terminals 14ai for a SD card SD are pressed down by a rim of slits 20ai of the contact pressing plate 20 up to a position where the contact portions do not interfere with the MEMORY STICK MS.

Abstract: An article data reading apparatus having a first display 4 receiving operational entry from a customer or store clerk as an operator of the apparatus permits setting of operation mode to customer operation mode or store-clerk operation mode. In the customer operation mode, customer operation information relating to operations by the customer when a customer becomes the operator is displayed on the first display 4; in the store-clerk operation mode, store-clerk operation information relating to operations by the store clerk when a store clerk becomes the operator is displayed on the first display 4. Thus, read operability for both customer and store clerk can be improved.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes an upper magnet and a lower magnet arranged oppositely and concentrically, a pair of columns installed over the outer part of the upper magnet and the lower magnet in a vertical direction, and a bed having a top plate on which an object to be examined is placed and which is inserted into a measurement space between the upper magnet and the lower magnet, wherein the pair of columns are arranged oppositely with respect to a central axis of the upper magnet and the lower magnet, a cross sectional area of one of the pair of columns is made smaller than that of the other, and a direction of bed insertion is inclined to the side of the column with small cross sectional area with respect to a line perpendicular to a line connecting the centers of the pair of columns and passing through the center of the pair of magnets.

Abstract: A low profile card connector includes a connector housing, a cover member, a card storage space that is inserted with a card, a contact that is provided in a cantilever-like manner, a guide member that guides a face having a pad of the card, a retention member that guides a face having no pad of the card, and a contact displacement space in which the tip end of the contact is displaced. When a pad section has the nominal thickness “A” mm and the interval between the apex of the contacting section of the contact and the card rettention member is “C” mm, the contact displacement space has the thickness “F” mm that is set to be within a range of F=A?C+0.2 to F=A?C+0.5.

Abstract: A receiver and a receiving system capable of obtaining content related information corresponding to a retrieval key are provided. When a retrieval instruction is performed by a user, a retrieval key setting section sets the artist name of a musical piece provided by a program being received as a retrieval key. A related information retrieval section obtains program content data added to distribution information of another program, and retrieves content related information (for example, information such as the scheduled date of the sale of a new musical piece) corresponding to the retrieval key set by the retrieval key setting section. When the content related information corresponding to the retrieval key is extracted, a display processing section creates image data for displaying the extracted content related information and displays the image data on a display section.

Abstract: The card connector of the present invention is formed to have a hollow housing shape by combining two housing members with each other and an ejecting mechanism for ejecting a card, wherein the ejecting mechanism includes an ejecting member for ejecting the card and a spring member for elastically biasing the ejecting member, and a cam having a loop-like cam groove around the cam is provided on a lateral side of the ejecting member; one end of the a cam lever being held by one of the housing members and the other end of the cam lever being slidable along the cam groove formed around the cam. Thereby, the card connector can be to reduce a width thereof by providing a heart cam and to shorten a length of the ejecting member so that the card connector becomes small in size as a whole.

Abstract: A composite type card connector of the present invention includes a connector body, a cover member, first contact members for a small card, second contact members for a large card, and a switching operation mechanism having a movable plate and a operating plate, such that a card-mounting section in the connector body is switched to another one by the switching operation mechanism so that two kinds of cards different in thickness and/or width can be commonly inserted into the same composite type card connector.

Abstract: A project pre-review estimate method capable of estimating influence of alteration in each process of a project on the whole process (project) considering structural alteration and fluctuating values regarding each process and their factors is provided. The project pre-review estimate method is carried out employing a process evaluation procedure which calculates quantitative and structural alteration amounts of the process plan using not only information on constraints (which has been used by conventional techniques) but also scenario information (in which probability of occurrence of a risk (i.e. a factor of alteration to a process) and the content/degree of influence regarding alteration of arbitrary processes caused by the occurrence of the risk are defined in a scenario format) and information for correcting parameters of the scenario by use of qualitative information on the project.

Abstract: The present invention provides a card connector which prevents the retainer fitting from coming off even when the molded base plate is deformed during reflow soldering and which can be reduced in size, height and weight. The card connector includes a shell body and a molded base plate. The molded base plate includes at least a card eject mechanism incorporating a compression coil spring for inserting/ejecting a card and a retainer fitting for holding the card eject mechanism pushed by the compression coil spring. The shell body is formed with at least one engagement hole for engagement with at least one hook portion of the retainer fitting. The retainer fitting includes a horizontal member and a vertical member rising vertically from the horizontal member. The horizontal member and/or vertical member have at least one pair of press-fit projections and one hook portion.