Abstract: Systems and methods described herein include methods and systems for controlling bias voltage provided to an optical modulating device. The optical modulating device is biased at a bias point that is different from a null point of the device such that an offset to the received optical power due to limited extinction ratio is reduced.

Abstract: A transceiver for fiber optic communications. The transceiver can include a transmitter module having a transmitter host interface configured to receive an input host signal; a transmitter framer configured to frame the input host signal and to generate a framed host signal; and a transmitter coder configured to encode the framed host signal to generate an encoded host signal for transmission over a communication channel. The transceiver can also include a receiver module having a bulk chromatic dispersion, fiber length estimation, and coarse carrier recovery circuit configured to equalize a digital input ingress signal to generate an equalized ingress signal; a receiver framer configured to frame the equalized ingress signal to generate a framed ingress signal; and a receiver host interface configured to output the framed ingress signal. The receiver host interface is compatible with a framing protocol of the receiver framer.

Abstract: A risk assessing and managing system for monitoring and managing one or more areas includes an obtaining module, a configuring module, a calculating module, and a managing module. The obtaining module obtains parameters of an area. The configuring module configures a weight coefficient and an evaluation class value to each of several monitoring terminals or sensors according to the parameters and influence proportion of each terminal. The calculating module calculates a weight value of each terminal according to the weight coefficients, and calculates a risk value of the area according to the weight values, the evaluation class values, and readings taken by the monitoring terminals. The managing module determines a risk class of the area according to the risk value and selects an improvement program to manage the area according to the risk class. A risk warning and managing method is also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein include methods and systems for controlling bias voltage provided to an optical modulating device. The optical modulating device is biased at a bias point that is different from a null point of the device such that an offset to the received optical power due to limited extinction ratio is reduced.

Abstract: Optical communication systems and methods using coherently combined optical beams are disclosed. A representative system includes a first data source for sending first data at a first frequency of a first optical beam to a first aperture, and at a second frequency of a second optical beam to a second aperture. The system further includes a second data source for sending second data at a third frequency of a third optical beam to the first aperture, and at a fourth frequency of a fourth optical beam to the second aperture. The system also includes a first interleaver of the first aperture configured to interleave the first data at the first frequency and the second data at the third frequency; and a second interleaver of the second aperture configured to interleave the first data at the second frequency and the second data at fourth frequency.

Abstract: A receiver applies a calibration method to compensate for skew between input channels. The receiver skew is estimated by observing the coefficients of an adaptive equalizer which adjusts the coefficients based on time-varying properties of the multi-channel input signal. The receiver skew is compensated by programming the phase of the sampling clocks for the different channels. Furthermore, during real-time operation of the receiver, channel diagnostics is performed to automatically estimate differential group delay and/or other channel characteristics based on the equalizer coefficients using a frequency averaging or polarization averaging approach. Framer information can furthermore be utilized to estimate differential group delay that is an integer multiple of the symbol rate. Additionally, a DSP reset may be performed when substantial signal degradation is detected based on the channel diagnostics information.

Abstract: An illumination structure for pliers contains: a first part, a second part, and an illumination device. The first part includes a first clamping jaw, a first handle, and a first rotatable connecting portion between the first clamping jaw and the first handle. The second part includes a second clamping jaw, a second handle, and a second rotatable connecting portion between the second clamping jaw and the second handle, wherein the first rotatable connecting portion of the first part and the second rotatable connecting portion of the second part are rotatably connected together. The first rotatable connecting portion has an accommodation groove configured to house the illumination device, and the accommodation groove has a first opening communicating with the first clamping jaw and the second clamping jaw and has a second opening communicating with the first handle. The illumination device includes a light emitting element and a control button.

Abstract: A transceiver for fiber optic communications. The transceiver can include a transmitter module having a transmitter host interface configured to receive an input host signal; a transmitter framer configured to frame the input host signal and to generate a framed host signal; and a transmitter coder configured to encode the framed host signal to generate an encoded host signal for transmission over a communication channel. The transceiver can also include a receiver module having a bulk chromatic dispersion, fiber length estimation, and coarse carrier recovery circuit configured to equalize a digital input ingress signal to generate an equalized ingress signal; a receiver framer configured to frame the equalized ingress signal to generate a framed ingress signal; and a receiver host interface configured to output the framed ingress signal. The receiver host interface is compatible with a framing protocol of the receiver framer.

Abstract: A receiver applies a calibration method to compensate for skew between input channels. The receiver skew is estimated by observing the coefficients of an adaptive equalizer which adjusts the coefficients based on time-varying properties of the multi-channel input signal. The receiver skew is compensated by programming the phase of the sampling clocks for the different channels. Furthermore, during real-time operation of the receiver, channel diagnostics is performed to automatically estimate differential group delay and/or other channel characteristics based on the equalizer coefficients using a frequency averaging or polarization averaging approach. Framer information can furthermore be utilized to estimate differential group delay that is an integer multiple of the symbol rate. Additionally, a DSP reset may be performed when substantial signal degradation is detected based on the channel diagnostics information.

Abstract: Optical communication systems and methods using coherently combined optical beams are disclosed. A representative system includes a first data source for sending first data at a first frequency of a first optical beam to a first aperture, and at a second frequency of a second optical beam to a second aperture. The system further includes a second data source for sending second data at a third frequency of a third optical beam to the first aperture, and at a fourth frequency of a fourth optical beam to the second aperture. The system also includes a first interleaver of the first aperture configured to interleave the first data at the first frequency and the second data at the third frequency; and a second interleaver of the second aperture configured to interleave the first data at the second frequency and the second data at fourth frequency.

Abstract: A transceiver for fiber optic communications.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a wavelength-shifting element configured to receive an input-light signal. The wavelength-shifting element includes a wavelength-shifting material configured to absorb at least a portion of the received input-light signal and produce an emitted-light signal from the absorbed portion of the received input-light signal. The apparatus also includes a plasmonic grating comprising a plurality of plasmonic-grating elements configured to receive at least a portion of the emitted-light signal and direct the received portion of the emitted-light signal onto a photodetector. The apparatus further includes the photodetector configured to receive the directed portion of the emitted-light signal and produce an electrical current corresponding to the directed portion of the emitted-light signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a wavelength-shifting element configured to receive an input-light signal. The wavelength-shifting element includes a wavelength-shifting material configured to absorb at least a portion of the received input-light signal and produce an emitted-light signal from the absorbed portion of the received input-light signal. The apparatus also includes an optical-concentrating element configured to receive at least a portion of the emitted-light signal and concentrate the received portion of the emitted-light signal onto a photodetector. The apparatus further includes the photodetector configured to receive the concentrated portion of the emitted-light signal and produce an electrical current corresponding to the concentrated portion of the emitted-light signal.

Abstract: Optical communication systems and methods using coherently combined optical beams are disclosed. A representative system includes a first data source for sending first data at a first frequency of a first optical beam to a first aperture, and at a second frequency of a second optical beam to a second aperture. The system further includes a second data source for sending second data at a third frequency of a third optical beam to the first aperture, and at a fourth frequency of a fourth optical beam to the second aperture. The system also includes a first interleaver of the first aperture configured to interleave the first data at the first frequency and the second data at the third frequency; and a second interleaver of the second aperture configured to interleave the first data at the second frequency and the second data at fourth frequency.

Abstract: An illumination structure for pliers contains: a first part, a second part, and an illumination device. The first part includes a first clamping jaw, a first handle, and a first rotatable connecting portion between the first clamping jaw and the first handle. The second part includes a second clamping jaw, a second handle, and a second rotatable connecting portion between the second clamping jaw and the second handle, wherein the first rotatable connecting portion of the first part and the second rotatable connecting portion of the second part are rotatably connected together. The first rotatable connecting portion has an accommodation groove configured to house the illumination device, and the accommodation groove has a first opening communicating with the first clamping jaw and the second clamping jaw and has a second opening communicating with the first handle. The illumination device includes a light emitting element and a control button.

Abstract: A transceiver for fiber optic communications.

Abstract: A lighting device for a hand tool contains: a base, an illumination unit, and a clamping mechanism. The illumination unit is disposed in the base which includes a lighting orifice and four projections, each two of which are arranged on each of two sides of a bottom end of the base, and between each two projections is defined a V-shaped groove. The clamping mechanism includes a retainer, a connection shaft, and a resilient element, wherein the retainer has a fitting portion, a positioning section, and a controlling section, and wherein the positioning section is placed on the bottom end of the base and is defined among the four projections, the controlling section extends out of one side of the base, and the resilient element is fitted on the connection shaft and has a first end abutting against the base and a second end contacting with the controlling section.

Abstract: A receiver applies a calibration method to compensate for skew between input channels. The receiver skew is estimated by observing the coefficients of an adaptive equalizer which adjusts the coefficients based on time-varying properties of the multi-channel input signal. The receiver skew is compensated by programming the phase of the sampling clocks for the different channels. Furthermore, during real-time operation of the receiver, channel diagnostics is performed to automatically estimate differential group delay and/or other channel characteristics based on the equalizer coefficients using a frequency averaging or polarization averaging approach. Framer information can furthermore be utilized to estimate differential group delay that is an integer multiple of the symbol rate. Additionally, a DSP reset may be performed when substantial signal degradation is detected based on the channel diagnostics information.

Abstract: A pulse generation circuit, for outputting a pulse signal at an output terminal, comprises a PMOS, an NMOS and a logic circuit. The PMOS has a source coupled to a first reference voltage level, a drain coupled to the output terminal, and a gate coupled to a first gate control signal. The NMOS has a source coupled to a second reference voltage level, a drain coupled to the output terminal, and a gate coupled to a second gate control signal. The logic circuit generates the first gate control signal according to a control signal and a first logic signal, relating to the second gate control signal and a delay signal of the second gate control signal, and generates the second gate control signal according to the control signal and a second logic signal, relating to the first gate control signal and a delay signal of the first control signal.

Abstract: A lighting device for a hand tool contains: a base, an illumination unit, and a clamping mechanism. The illumination unit is disposed in the base which includes a lighting orifice and four projections, each two of which are arranged on each of two sides of a bottom end of the base, and between each two projections is defined a V-shaped groove. The clamping mechanism includes a retainer, a connection shaft, and a resilient element, wherein the retainer has a fitting portion, a positioning section, and a controlling section, and wherein the positioning section is placed on the bottom end of the base and is defined among the four projections, the controlling section extends out of one side of the base, and the resilient element is fitted on the connection shaft and has a first end abutting against the base and a second end contacting with the controlling section.