Abstract: An apparatus for use in a variable valve timing and/or valve lift system of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The apparatus is easy to mount, install and adjust within a space available over a cylinder head of the engine. The apparatus comprises a rocker shaft, a first cam, a second cam, and a rocker arm pivotally mounted on the rocker shaft. The rocker arm includes a first cam follower arranged to engage the first cam and a second cam follower arranged to engage the second cam. The second cam follower is pivotally mounted on the rocker arm. A hydraulically operated locking bolt is movable from an unlocking position to a locking position. In the locking position, the locking bolt is received in bores formed in the rocker arm and in the second cam follower to establish a positive motion state wherein the rocker arm moves with said second cam follower as a unit.

Abstract: A valve operating apparatus for an engine is disclosed. The apparatus includes a rocker arm operated by a first cam and a free cam follower operated by a second cam. The rocker arm has an integral barrel having a lost motion mechanism. A prop is slidably received by the free cam follower for movement between a first position in which the prop supports the free cam follower on the lost motion mechanism and a second position in which the prop supports the free cam follower on the barrel. A hydraulically operated piston moves the prop.

Abstract: A valve timing control device for an internal combustion engine, comprises an engine synchronous rotary member, such as a timing sprocket, timing pulley and so forth, driven by an engine output in synchronism with engine revolution, and a camshaft.

Abstract: An oil passage structure for a rocker-arm shaft for an internal combustion engine, comprises an outer cylindrical member for rotatably supporting rocker arms and an inner cylindrical member press-fitted into the outer cylindrical member. The inner cylindrical member employs at least one concavity having a given axial length for defining at least two axial oil passages.

Abstract: A valve timing control system includes an engine revolution synchronous element driven in synchronism with engine revolution and a camshaft synchronous element rotating together with a camshaft. A phase adjusting means disposed between the engine revolution synchronous element and the camshaft synchronous element. The phase adjusting means includes movable gear member which is thrustingly movable to determine phase relationship between the engine revolution synchronous element and the camshaft synchronous element, and a hydraulic means for driving the movable gear member to a desired position. The hydraulic means is connected to a fluid pressure source via a hydraulic circuit. A check valve is disposed in the hydraulic circuit for preventing surge flow of the pressurized fluid from the hydraulic means toward the fluid pressure source.

Abstract: A trochoid type gear pump features an outer rotor formed with internal teeth and an inner rotor formed with external teeth which can be receivable in the external ones. The profiles of one or both of the internal and external teeth are rendered asymmetric and arranged to engage only in the region of an intake opening formed in the casing in which the two rotors are housed.

Abstract: A main rocker arm which is pivotally mounted on a rocker shaft has one or more sub-rocker arms pivotally mounted thereon. The main rocker arm is arranged to synchronously open and close two poppet valves. Each of the sub-rocker arms can be selectively locked to the main one by way of hydraulically operated plunger arrangements. The main rocker arm is provided with a roller type cam follower which follows a low speed cam. The sub-rocker arms are provided with followers which engage high or very high speed cams. Lost motion springs which maintain the sub-rocker arms in contact with the cams are mounted on the main rocker arm.

Abstract: A wiring substrate, a film carrier, a semiconductor device made by using the film carrier, and a mounting structure comprising the semiconductor device are disclosed.The wiring substrate comprises:a conductor pattern which has a bonding pad and is formed on the rear surface of an insulating support;at least one of minute through-holes which are provided in a region of the insulating support where the bonding pad is in contact therewith, or which are provided a region of the insulating support where the bonding pad is in contact therewith and in the vicinity of the region, the through-holes running in the direction of the thickness of the insulating support;a conductive passage which is made of a metal material and which is formed in the through-holes that are provided in a region of the insulating support where the bonding pad is in contact therewith; anda bump-like metal protrusion which is formed on the conductive passage and which is protruded from the front surface of the insulating support.