Abstract: An electric power assist device includes a processor including hardware. The processor assists human power input from a user to a drive member with power of a motor, determines whether a current position is located outdoors using a signal from a sensor, and when determination is made that the current position is located outdoors, reduces an assist amount by the motor as compared with a case where the current position is located indoors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant avian herpes virus, which comprises at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences, each recombinant nucleotide sequence encoding a distinct antigenic peptide, wherein the at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences are inserted into distinct non-coding regions of the viral genome chosen among the region located between UL44 and UL45, the region located between UL45 and UL46, the region located between US10 and SORF3, and the region located between SORF3 and US2.

Abstract: A transfer belt, to be used in a state of being in contact with a cleaning member and an image carrier, and to which a developer image is to be transferred from the image carrier, includes a surface layer and a base layer. The surface layer is in contact with the image carrier and the cleaning member. The base layer disposed at a position more apart from the image carrier and the cleaning member than the surface layer. The surface layer is provided with grooves formed by transferring a predetermined mold shape and extending in a first direction along a moving direction of the transfer belt in an operating state. The arithmetic average roughness of the surface layer in a predetermined region is less than or equal to 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt that can bear a toner image includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a first surface located on an outer peripheral surface side of the first layer. The second layer is provided on a side of the first surface, transmits light, and includes a second surface. The first surface includes first grooves that (i) extend in a first direction in a circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt and (ii) are arranged in a width direction of the intermediate transfer belt that is orthogonal to the circumferential direction. The second surface is located on an outer peripheral surface side of the second layer, contacts a toner image, and includes second grooves that extend in a second direction in the circumferential direction. The first grooves includes 80 or more grooves per 1-mm length in the width direction in the first surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless image bearing member, a toner image forming portion, a light source, a detecting portion, a removing member, and a controller. The controller carries out control so that first measurement for detecting reflected light by the detecting portion by irradiating toner, supplied to a first region detectable by the detecting portion, with the light from the light source and second measurement for detecting the reflected light by the detecting portion by irradiating a surface of the image bearing member with light from the light source are made executable. In a case that the second measurement is executed, the controller carries out control so that the toner is supplied to the nip in a second region different from the first region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes a layer made of an acrylic copolymer. A plurality of grooves is formed in the layer along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer member across a width direction of the intermediate transfer member. A groove distance that is an average distance between adjoining grooves of the plurality of grooves in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member is 2 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant avian herpes virus, which comprises at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences, each recombinant nucleotide sequence encoding a distinct antigenic peptide, wherein the at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences are inserted into distinct non-coding regions of the viral genome chosen among the region located between UL44 and UL45, the region located between UL45 and UL46, the region located between US10 and SORF3, and the region located between SORF3 and US2.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, an intermediary transfer member having ion conductivity and a rotatable endless belt shape, a primary transfer member, a secondary transfer member, a cleaning member, an environment sensor and a controller. Based on a result of the environment sensor, the controller controls so as to change a current balance based on an integrated value of a first current value and an integrated value of a second current value. The first current value is a current flowing from inside of the intermediary transfer member to outside thereof and the second current value is a current flowing from outside of the intermediary transfer member to inside thereof.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt that can bear a toner image includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a first surface located on an outer peripheral surface side of the first layer. The second layer is provided on a side of the first surface, transmits light, and includes a second surface. The first surface includes first grooves that (i) extend in a first direction in a circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt and (ii) are arranged in a width direction of the intermediate transfer belt that is orthogonal to the circumferential direction. The second surface is located on an outer peripheral surface side of the second layer, contacts a toner image, and includes second grooves that extend in a second direction in the circumferential direction. The first grooves includes 80 or more grooves per 1-mm length in the width direction in the first surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposing unit, an intermediary transfer belt, a cleaning blade to clean a remaining toner on the intermediary transfer belt, and a controller to control so as to form a toner image on the intermediary transfer belt to supply toner as a lubricant of the cleaning blade. The controller controls a first line count when a first toner image is formed to supply the toner to the cleaning blade to become fewer than a second line count when a second toner image is formed to transfer to a recording material.

Abstract: A transfer belt, to be used in a state of being in contact with a cleaning member and an image carrier, and to which a developer image is to be transferred from the image carrier, includes a surface layer and a base layer. The surface layer is in contact with the image carrier and the cleaning member. The base layer disposed at a position more apart from the image carrier and the cleaning member than the surface layer. The surface layer is provided with grooves formed by transferring a predetermined mold shape and extending in a first direction along a moving direction of the transfer belt in an operating state. The arithmetic average roughness of the surface layer in a predetermined region is less than or equal to 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposing unit, an intermediary transfer belt, a cleaning blade to clean a remaining toner on the intermediary transfer belt, and a controller to control so as to form a toner image on the intermediary transfer belt to supply toner as a lubricant of the cleaning blade. The controller controls a first line count when a first toner image is formed to supply the toner to the cleaning blade to become fewer than a second line count when a second toner image is formed to transfer to a recording material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes a layer made of an acrylic copolymer. A plurality of grooves is formed in the layer along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer member across a width direction of the intermediate transfer member. A groove distance that is an average distance between adjoining grooves of the plurality of grooves in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member is 2 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant avian herpes virus, which comprises at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences, each recombinant nucleotide sequence encoding a distinct antigenic peptide, wherein the at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences are inserted into distinct non-coding regions of the viral genome chosen among the region located between UL44 and UL45, the region located between UL45 and UL46, the region located between US10 and SORF3, and the region located between SORF3 and US2.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes a layer made of an acrylic copolymer. A plurality of grooves is formed in the layer along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer member across a width direction of the intermediate transfer member. A groove distance that is an average distance between adjoining grooves of the plurality of grooves in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member is 2 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant avian herpes virus, which comprises at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences, each recombinant nucleotide sequence encoding a distinct antigenic peptide, wherein the at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences are inserted into distinct non-coding regions of the viral genome chosen among the region located between UL44 and UL45, the region located between UL45 and UL46, the region located between US10 and SORF3, and the region located between SORF3 and US2.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a movable intermediate transfer member onto which a toner image borne by an image bearing member is to be transferred; a detection unit configured to irradiate the toner image on the intermediate transfer member with light to detect reflected light; and a control unit configured to adjust a condition for forming the toner image based on a detection result of the detection unit, wherein a plurality of grooves extending along a movement direction of the intermediate transfer member are formed in a surface of the intermediate transfer member in a width direction intersecting the movement direction, and wherein grooves, formed within a range of the intermediate transfer member to which the light is irradiated by the detection unit, among the plurality of grooves are formed so that intervals each between adjacent grooves with respect to the width direction are regularly changed within a predetermined range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a movable intermediate transfer member onto which a toner image borne by an image bearing member is to be transferred; a detection unit configured to irradiate the toner image on the intermediate transfer member with light to detect reflected light; and a control unit configured to adjust a condition for forming the toner image based on a detection result of the detection unit, wherein a plurality of grooves extending along a movement direction of the intermediate transfer member are formed in a surface of the intermediate transfer member in a width direction intersecting the movement direction, and wherein grooves, formed within a range of the intermediate transfer member to which the light is irradiated by the detection unit, among the plurality of grooves are formed so that intervals each between adjacent grooves with respect to the width direction are regularly changed within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant avian herpes virus, which comprises at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences, each recombinant nucleotide sequence encoding a distinct antigenic peptide, wherein the at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences are inserted into distinct non-coding regions of the viral genome chosen among the region located between UL44 and UL45, the region located between UL45 and UL46, the region located between US10 and SORF3, and the region located between SORF3 and US2.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic belt sustainably excellent in toner removal performance. The electrophotographic belt has an endless shape and has grooves on an outer surface thereof, each of the grooves extending in a circumferential direction and being in non-parallel with the circumferential direction, and the outer surface is composed only of a first region in which the number of the grooves in a direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction is “n” and a second region in which the number of the grooves in the direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction is larger than the “n”, the first region and the second region being arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the “n” being an integer of 1 or more.