Abstract: Manufacturing method for variable shape mirrors suitable for mass production includes steps: for forming first grooves and second grooves along boundaries between areas to be variable shape mirrors on a surface of first wafer to be support substrate and a surface of second wafer to be mirror substrate; for arranging first and second wafer so that support pillars and piezoelectric elements are sandwiched between first and second wafer at areas with surface on which second grooves are formed facing inward for bonding; for dividing second wafer into mirror substrates by flattening process of outer surface of second wafer until at least reaching second groove; for dividing first wafer into the support substrates by breaking first wafer along first grooves; and for forming reflection film on outer surface of each of mirror substrates obtained by the dividing step.

Abstract: An optical resin film, which has Re (?) and Rth (?) satisfying retardation requirements (A) to (D), and has an in-plane width direction retardation (Re) variation coefficient of 5% or less and a thickness direction retardation (Rth) variation coefficient of 10% or less: (A) 0.1<Re (450)/Re (550)<0.95 (B) 1.03<Re (650)/Re (550)<1.93 (C) 0.4<(Re/Rth (450))/(Re/Rth (550)))<0.95 (D) 1.05<(Re/Rth (650)/(Re/Rth (550))<1.9, and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the optical resin film.

Abstract: A plate material cutting unit is equipped with: support devices for supporting the lower edge of an upright plate material; fluid guides for applying fluid pressure on a surface of the plate material which is held upright on the support devices, to support the plate material in a non-contact manner; a scribe forming device, equipped with a scribing blade for forming a scribe for cutting on the plate material, by moving along the surface of the plate material, which is supported by the fluid guides; a clamp, for gripping a portion of the plate material adjacent to the movement trajectory of the scribing blade along the plate material; and a cutting device, equipped with a pressing member for pressing a portion of the plate material opposite the scribe in a planar direction with respect to the portion of the plate material which is gripped by the clamp.

Abstract: A method for producing a cellulose acylate film is provided and includes the steps of: a stretching step of stretching a film; and a shrinking step of shrinking the film

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy are interposed between upper substrate and lower substrate that have been vertically oriented on the surface, the orientation of the liquid crystals being almost vertical with no applied voltage, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and tilted when a smaller voltage than the predetermined voltage is applied; a first polarizer and a second polarizer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal panel such that the absorption axes of the polarizers are perpendicular to each other; a first retardation film disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the first polarizer; and a second retardation film disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the second polarizer, wherein the polarizer comprises a polarizing film and a pair of protective films having the polarizing film in between, and wherein at least one of the protective films is a cellulose acylate film sat

Abstract: A polymer film, which comprises: organic compound fine particles containing a retardation developer and having an average particle size of from 1 nm to 1,000 nm; a method for producing a polymer film, which comprises: casting a dope containing a polymer, a solvent for dissolving the polymer, a retardation developer and an additive other than the retardation developer on a support; peeling off; drying; and stretching, wherein the retardation developer is uniformly dissolved in the dope, and between the casting and the stretching, organic compound fine particles containing the retardation developer are formed within a film; and an optical film, which comprises: at least one compound represented by formula (I) as defined in the specification; and at least one Rth raising agent.

Abstract: An optical resin film, which has Re (?) and Rth (?) satisfying retardation requirements (A) to (D), and has a thickness of from 30 ?m to 80 ?m: (A) 0.1<Re (450)/Re (550)<0.95 (B) 1.03<Re (650)/Re (550)<1.93 (C) 0.4<(Re/Rth (450))/(Re/Rth (550)))<0.95 (D) 1.05<(Re/Rth (650)/(Re/Rth (550))<1.9, and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the optical resin film.

Abstract: An optical resin film is provided and fulfills the following formulae (A) to (D) concerning retardations and is formed by using a polymer or a copolymer of a cycloolefin compound: 0.1<Re(450)/Re(550)<0.95;??(A) 1.03<Re(650)/Re(550)<1.93;??(B) 0.4<(Re(450)/Rth(450)/Re(550)/Rth(550))<0.95; and??(C) 1.05<(Re(650)/Rth(650)/Re(550)/Rth(550))<1.9.

Abstract: A cellulose acylate film comprising cellulose acylate which has a degree of crystallinity represented by the following expression (I) of 0.9 or more, and satisfies the following expressions (II) and (III): Degree of crystallinity=(X-ray diffraction intensity at 2? of 13°)/(X-ray diffraction intensity at 2? of 12°);??Expression (I) 2.6?A+B?3.0; and??Expression (II) 0.5?B?1.2??Expression (III) wherein A represents a substitution degree by an acetyl group of a hydroxyl group in a glucose unit of the cellulose acylate, and B represents a substitution degree by a substituent having from 3 to 4 carbon atoms of a hydroxyl group of a glucose unit of the cellulose acylate.

Abstract: A cellulose acylate film comprising a retardation developing agent consisting of a rodshaped compound, wherein Re is 50 to 100 nm, Rth is 130 to 250 nm, and the thickness is 40 to 90 ?m. A liquid crystal display device comprising the film shows reduced the corner irregularity.

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror provided with a support base, a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam, and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary the shape of the mirror surface, the piezoelectric elements are bonded, by means of a thin layer of metal, to at least one of the support base and the mirror portion by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for variable shape mirrors suitable for mass production includes steps: for overlaying a pair of jigs having protruding bar portions like comb teeth on a support substrate so that the protruding bar portions are orthogonal to each other, and inserting support pillars and piezoelectric elements into through hole portions that are formed by gaps between the protruding bar portions, and placing a mirror substrate on the support pillars and the piezoelectric elements; for bonding at least the support substrate and the support pillars, the support substrate and the piezoelectric elements, and the mirror substrate and the support pillars to each other, respectively; for drawing out the jig in the direction opposite to a protruding direction of the protruding bar portion; and for forming a reflection film on an outer surface of the mirror substrate.

Abstract: Manufacturing method for variable shape mirrors suitable for mass production includes steps: for forming first grooves and second grooves along boundaries between areas to be variable shape mirrors on a surface of first wafer to be support substrate and a surface of second wafer to be mirror substrate; for arranging first and second wafer so that support pillars and piezoelectric elements are sandwiched between first and second wafer at areas with surface on which second grooves are formed facing inward for bonding; for dividing second wafer into mirror substrates by flattening process of outer surface of second wafer until at least reaching second groove; for dividing first wafer into the support substrates by breaking first wafer along first grooves; and for forming reflection film on outer surface of each of mirror substrates obtained by the dividing step.

Abstract: A variable shape mirror includes a support substrate provided with a conductive bonding portion that is divided into two areas bonded to a lamination type piezoelectric actuator. A bonding surface of the piezoelectric actuator is provided with a first metal film that is divided into a first area and a second area that are not connected to each other electrically. Side faces of the piezoelectric actuator are provided with a second metal film that connects a first common electrode to the first area electrically or connects a second common electrode to the second area electrically. The piezoelectric actuator is disposed on the bonding portion so that the individual areas of the first metal film are connected electrically to the different areas of the bonding portion, respectively.

Abstract: The variable-shape mirror is provided with a support base and a minor portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has on a side thereof facing away from the support base a minor surface which is irradiated with a light beam. There are also provided piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary the shape of the mirror surface. The piezoelectric elements are bonded, through a thin layer of metal that is separately provided for bonding, to at least one of the support base and the mirror portion. A driving voltage to the piezoelectric elements is supplied through the thin layer of metal.

Abstract: In a variable shape mirror including a base substrate; a mirror with a mirror surface; a fixed part, arranged on the base substrate, for fixing the mirror and the base substrate; and an actuator using a piezoelectric ceramics arranged between the base substrate and the mirror; an initial voltage of the actuator is a negative voltage. The initial voltage differs for each actuator; and is larger than or equal to a voltage at which a displacement of the actuator becomes minimum and smaller than zero voltage. The negative initial voltage is a bias voltage, and a voltage stroke is performed while applying the bias voltage.

Abstract: A cellulose acylate film for optics having an in-plane retardation Re (?) of 46?Re (630)?200, a retardation in a film thickness direction Rth (?) of 70?Rth (630)?350 and a thickness variation between every 10 mm in a breadth direction of 0.6 ?m or less.

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror of which the shape of the mirror surface can be varied, a mirror portion is bonded only to a fixed portion and not to a piezoelectric element. When the piezoelectric element is not operating, the mirror portion, receiving a predetermined force from the piezoelectric element, makes contact with the piezoelectric element. When the piezoelectric element contracts, the mirror portion tends to restore its original shape by its counterforce. Thus, even when the piezoelectric element contracts, the contact between the mirror portion and the piezoelectric element is held, and hence the electric conduction to the piezoelectric element is maintained.

Abstract: A variable-shape mirror is provided with: a support base; a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam; fixed portions that fix the mirror portion to the support base; and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary a shape of the mirror surface. Here, the piezoelectric elements are arranged closer to a center of the mirror portion than the fixed portions are.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion device for securely fixing a junction of a thermocouple to a top plate while ensuring heat transfer between the junction and the top plate. The thermoelectric conversion device includes a substrate having a main surface, a top plate facing the main surface of the substrate, and a plurality of series-connected thermocouples. Each thermocouple has a first end including a first junction and a second end including a second junction. The first junction of each thermocouple is fixed to the main surface of the substrate and the second junction of each thermocouple is provided with a bump for attaching the second junction to the top plate in such a way that the second junction is separated from the substrate.