Abstract: An antiglare film producing method of film production by surface embossing to polymer film is provided. The polymer film includes a support of triacetyl cellulose, and an anti-reflection layer overlaid thereon. An embossing roller is used for surface embossing to a front surface of the support or a surface of the anti-reflection layer. In the film producing method, the embossing roller is produced according to electrodischarge machining (EDM). A surface of the embossing roller has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.3-1.0 micron, and has a protruding and retreating pattern with an average cycle length RSm of 5-30 microns.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a vibration type actuator improves controllability by providing a control circuit that adjusts a voltage to be applied to the actuator so that a slope of a frequency-speed characteristic of the actuator becomes approximately a constant slope.

Abstract: A target object modification apparatus includes an aligner device configured to be able to manipulate the posture of a supplied target modification minute object (8), a first feed unit configured to be able to individually supply a target modification minute object (2) to the aligner device, and an injection unit configured to be able to inject modifiers onto the target modification minute object after the target modification minute object is set to a predetermined posture by the aligner device.

Abstract: Demands have arisen for a vibrating knife such as a biometrical ultrasonic knife which can easily obtain sharp cut surfaces with little possibility of contamination and the like. In order to meet the demands, the excision portion of a vibrating knife such as a biometrical ultrasonic knife which is brought into contact with an excision target such as living body tissue and vibrated in a direction at an angle to the traveling direction in excision so as to excise the target is coated such that the surface of the portion located on the forward side in the traveling direction in excision becomes hydrophobic, and the surface of the portion located on the backward side in the traveling direction in excision becomes hydrophilic.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a manipulator which can be suitably used as a compact manipulator apparatus which manipulates a minute target object. A manipulator of this invention includes, for example, a plurality of arm members whose attitudes can be changed and a manipulation target object manipulating hand mounted on the plurality of arm members through a connecting portion. Rotation of the hand or similar motion is caused by changing the attitudes of the plurality of arm members.

Abstract: This invention provides a manipulator having an arrangement which easily makes it possible to execute fine work such as attitude control while properly grasping even a minute target object. The manipulator of this invention has, at, e.g., the contact portion to a manipulation target object, an opening communicating with a pressure chamber whose pressure is controlled by a fluid control unit, and manipulates the target object by causing the fluid control unit to control inflow/outflow of a fluid through the opening.

Abstract: A minute object manipulating apparatus includes a tool which manipulates a manipulation target object, an observation unit capable of changing the magnification for observating the manipulation target object and tool, a display unit which displays magnified images of the manipulation target object and tool, which are observed by the observation unit, a command input unit to cause the operator to input the manipulation command signal of the tool, and a gain arithmetic unit which decides the manipulation gain of the tool on the basis of the magnification of the observation unit and magnified image information or pixel information on the display unit. The tool is driven and controlled on the basis of the manipulation gain and manipulation command signal.

Abstract: In the production of an antiglare and antireflection film conducted by nipping antireflection film between an embossing roller and a backup roller to transfer the shape of convexes and concaves formed on the embossing roller to one surface of the antireflection film, the longitudinal elastic modulus and hardness of the backup roller are made smaller than the longitudinal elastic modulus and hardness of the embossing roller.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a manipulator which prevents the distal end portion of a manipulating member from moving even if its posture is changed, and a minute object manipulating apparatus using the manipulator. The manipulator of the invention includes, for example, a manipulating target object manipulating member which is driven and controlled by a plurality of free rotation axes. All the free rotation axes cross at one point, and the manipulation distal end portion of the manipulating member is placed near the intersection.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of a vibration type actuator includes an apparatus for forming a vibration wave by applying four-phase AC signals having temporal phase differences to four-phase driving phases arranged at intervals of ¼ wavelength, which includes first and second transformers and two-phase driving phases connected to the secondary terminals of the respective transformers, thereby simplifying the arrangement of a driving circuit.

Abstract: An antireflection film having an antireflective layer is embossed with an emboss roller or an emboss plate, to become an antiglare and antireflection film. A surface of each of the emboss roller and the emboss plate has concave-convex which have arithmetic roughness average is in the range of 0.05 &mgr;m to 2.00 &mgr;m and average period of maximum 50 &mgr;m. When the film is embossed, an emboss roller applies to the surface of the film a linear pressure in the range of 500 N/cm to 4000 N/cm, or an emboss plate applies a pressure in the range of 50×105 Pa to 400×105 Pa. The concave-convex of the emboss roller or the emboss plate is formed in a shot blast method in which balls having diameter in the range of 0.1 &mgr;m to 50 &mgr;m are scattered onto the surface of the antireflection film.

Abstract: A position control method for accurate position control of a driving source is disclosed. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of comparing a remaining driving amount of the driving source to a target position with a mechanical dead zone of a power transmission mechanism, controlling the position of the driving source by a proportional and derivative operation on a deviation of the position detected by the position detection circuit from a command position obtained from a speed command value while the remaining driving amount is larger than the mechanical dead zone, and controlling the position of the driving source by a proportional, integral, and derivative operation on the deviation of the position detected by the position detection circuit from the command position obtained from the speed command value when the remaining driving amount becomes smaller than the mechanical dead zone.

Abstract: A position control system uses a speed command supplied to a driving source. The speed command has a change pattern which has an acceleration section (1) for eliminating a dead zone of a power transmission mechanism, a constant-speed section (or an acceleration section with a slower acceleration than in the section (1)), an acceleration section (3) up to the maximum speed, a constant-speed section (4), a deceleration section (5), a constant-speed section (6) for eliminating the dead zone (or a deceleration section with a slower deceleration than in the section (5)), and a deceleration (7) for stopping at a target section. Even when a driven member has large inertia, the position thereof is accurately controlled to the target position in a semi-closed position control system.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement for detecting the driven state of a vibration wave actuator apparatus and provides an apparatus in which a waveform signal having an amplitude corresponding to a vibration state is generated by a monitor circuit, and this waveform signal is level-detected by a comparing circuit having a predetermined threshold so as to form a signal having a pulse width corresponding to the amplitude of the waveform signal, thereby detecting a vibration state from the pulse width.

Abstract: A vibration type activator having improved electro-mechanical energy conversion efficiency and reduced noise generation includes plural switching elements each of which is operated by a switching pulse signal generated by a drive control circuit of the motor. A drive control circuit selects a pulse width of the generated switching pulse signal such that the amplitude of a base wave frequency component (“base wave”) among frequency components of a voltage applied to an inductance element may be larger than a total amplitude of higher harmonic wave frequency components (“whole higher harmonic wave”).

Abstract: A thermosetting composite dielectric film characterized in that the film has flexibility and is made of a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 150 to 2500 and containing dielectric ceramics having a high dielectric constant and in that the film has a dielectric constant of 25 or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control apparatus for a vibration type actuator, and particularly to a control apparatus which improves controllability by providing a control circuit of adjusting a voltage to be applied to the actuator so that a tilt of a frequency-speed characteristic of the actuator becomes approximately a constant tilt.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement for detecting the driven state of a vibration wave actuator apparatus and provides an apparatus in which a waveform signal having an amplitude corresponding to a vibration state is generated by a monitor circuit, and this waveform signal is level-detected by a comparing circuit having a predetermined threshold so as to form a signal having a pulse width corresponding to the amplitude of the waveform signal, thereby detecting a vibration state from the pulse width.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve electro-mechanical energy conversion efficiency and reduce generation of noises in a vibration type actuator. To achieve the above object of the present invention, each of plural switching elements is operated by a switching pulse generated by a drive control circuit of the motor. As a result, the drive control circuit selects a width of the generated switching pulse such that the amplitude of a base wave frequency component (“base wave”) among frequency components of a voltage applied to an inductance element may be larger than a total amplitude of higher harmonic wave frequency components (“whole higher harmonic wave”).

Abstract: This invention relates to a driving apparatus of a vibration type actuator, and provides an apparatus for forming a vibration wave by applying four-phase AC signals having temporal phase differences to four-phase driving phases arranged at intervals of ¼ a wavelength, which includes first and second transformers and two-phase driving phases connected to the secondary terminals of the respective transformers, thereby simplifying the arrangement of a driving circuit.