Abstract: Apparatuses and methods to provide electronic devices having metal films are provided. Some embodiments of the disclosure utilize a metallic tungsten layer as a liner that is filled with a metal film comprising cobalt. The metallic tungsten layer has good adhesion to the cobalt leading to enhanced cobalt gap-fill performance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for depositing a cobalt layer in a feature, such as, a word line formed in a substrate, are provided herein. In some embodiments, method of processing a substrate includes: exposing a substrate at a first temperature to a cobalt containing precursor to deposit a cobalt layer within a word line feature formed in the substrate, wherein the word line feature is part of a 3D NAND device; and annealing the substrate to remove contaminants from the cobalt layer and to reflow the cobalt layer into the word line feature, wherein the substrate is at a second temperature greater than the first temperature during the annealing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to fill a feature with a seamless gapfill of copper are described. A copper gapfill seed layer is deposited on a substrate surface by atomic layer deposition followed by a copper deposition by physical vapor deposition to fill the gap with copper.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for depositing a cobalt layer in a feature, such as, a word line formed in a substrate, are provided herein. In some embodiments, method of processing a substrate includes: exposing a substrate at a first temperature to a cobalt containing precursor to deposit a cobalt layer within a word line feature formed in the substrate, wherein the word line feature is part of a 3D NAND device; and annealing the substrate to remove contaminants from the cobalt layer and to reflow the cobalt layer into the word line feature, wherein the substrate is at a second temperature greater than the first temperature during the annealing.

Abstract: Provided is a bicycle with an automatic transmission, and more particularly, a bicycle with an automatic transmission for enabling rapid and smooth gearshifting from a low speed to a high speed or from a high speed to a low speed.

Abstract: Methods for processing a substrate include: (a) depositing a cobalt layer to a first thickness within a first plurality of features and a second plurality of features formed in a substrate, wherein each of the first plurality of features and each of the second plurality of features comprises an opening, and wherein a width of the openings of the first plurality of features is less than a width of the openings of the second plurality of features; and (b) heating the substrate to a first temperature to fill the first plurality of features with cobalt material while simultaneously depositing a fill material on the substrate to fill the second plurality of features.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an interconnect on a substrate is provided. A protective layer is formed on the substrate and in a via formed on the substrate wherein the protective layer is resistant to a halogen containing material. A barrier layer is formed on top of the protective layer. The barrier layer comprises a halogen containing material. A metal layer is deposited over the barrier layer. In another embodiment, the protective layer is selectively deposited in the via.

Abstract: Methods for depositing ruthenium by a PECVD process are described herein. Methods for depositing ruthenium can include positioning a substrate in a processing chamber, the substrate having a barrier layer formed thereon, heating and maintaining the substrate at a first temperature, flowing a first deposition gas into a processing chamber, the first deposition gas comprising a ruthenium containing precursor, generating a plasma from the first deposition gas to deposit a first ruthenium layer over the barrier layer, flowing a second deposition gas into the processing chamber to deposit a second ruthenium layer over the first ruthenium layer, the second deposition gas comprising a ruthenium containing precursor, depositing a copper seed layer over the second ruthenium layer and annealing the substrate at a second temperature.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for depositing a cobalt layer in a feature, such as, a word line formed in a substrate, are provided herein. In some embodiments, method of processing a substrate includes: exposing a substrate at a first temperature to a cobalt containing precursor to deposit a cobalt layer within a word line feature formed in the substrate, wherein the word line feature is part of a 3D NAND device; and annealing the substrate to remove contaminants from the cobalt layer and to reflow the cobalt layer into the word line feature, wherein the substrate is at a second temperature greater than the first temperature during the annealing.

Abstract: Methods for forming a liner layer are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of forming a liner layer on a substrate disposed in a process chamber, the substrate having an opening formed in a first surface of the substrate, the opening having a sidewall and a bottom surface, the method includes exposing the substrate to a cobalt precursor gas and to a ruthenium precursor gas to form a cobalt-ruthenium liner layer on the first surface of the substrate and on the sidewall and bottom surface of the opening.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an interconnect on a substrate is provided. A protective layer is formed on the substrate and in a via formed on the substrate wherein the protective layer is resistant to a halogen containing material. A barrier layer is formed on top of the protective layer. The barrier layer comprises a halogen containing material. A metal layer is deposited over the barrier layer. In another embodiment, the protective layer is selectively deposited in the via.

Abstract: Methods for processing a substrate include: (a) depositing a cobalt layer to a first thickness within a first plurality of features and a second plurality of features formed in a substrate, wherein each of the first plurality of features and each of the second plurality of features comprises an opening, and wherein a width of the openings of the first plurality of features is less than a width of the openings of the second plurality of features; and (b) heating the substrate to a first temperature to fill the first plurality of features with cobalt material while simultaneously depositing a fill material on the substrate to fill the second plurality of features.

Abstract: Methods for depositing ruthenium by a PECVD process are described herein. Methods for depositing ruthenium can include positioning a substrate in a processing chamber, the substrate having a barrier layer formed thereon, heating and maintaining the substrate at a first temperature, flowing a first deposition gas into a processing chamber, the first deposition gas comprising a ruthenium containing precursor, generating a plasma from the first deposition gas to deposit a first ruthenium layer over the barrier layer, flowing a second deposition gas into the processing chamber to deposit a second ruthenium layer over the first ruthenium layer, the second deposition gas comprising a ruthenium containing precursor, depositing a copper seed layer over the second ruthenium layer and annealing the substrate at a second temperature.

Abstract: Methods for forming a liner layer are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of forming a liner layer on a substrate disposed in a process chamber, the substrate having an opening formed in a first surface of the substrate, the opening having a sidewall and a bottom surface, the method includes exposing the substrate to a cobalt precursor gas and to a ruthenium precursor gas to form a cobalt-ruthenium liner layer on the first surface of the substrate and on the sidewall and bottom surface of the opening.

Abstract: Methods for depositing ruthenium by a PECVD process are described herein. Methods for depositing ruthenium can include positioning a substrate in a processing chamber, the substrate having a barrier layer formed thereon, heating and maintaining the substrate at a first temperature, flowing a first deposition gas into a processing chamber, the first deposition gas comprising a ruthenium containing precursor, generating a plasma from the first deposition gas to deposit a first ruthenium layer over the barrier layer, flowing a second deposition gas into the processing chamber to deposit a second ruthenium layer over the first ruthenium layer, the second deposition gas comprising a ruthenium containing precursor, depositing a copper seed layer over the second ruthenium layer and annealing the substrate at a second temperature.

Abstract: Methods for forming layers on a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, methods of forming layers on a substrate disposed in a process chamber may include depositing a barrier layer comprising titanium within one or more features in the substrate; and sputtering a material from a target in the presence of a plasma formed from a process gas by applying a DC power to the target, maintaining a pressure of less than about 500 mTorr within the process chamber, and providing up to about 5000 W of a substrate bias RF power to deposit a seed layer comprising the material atop the barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods for forming layers on a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, methods of forming layers on a substrate disposed in a process chamber may include depositing a barrier layer comprising titanium within one or more features in the substrate; and sputtering a material from a target in the presence of a plasma formed from a process gas by applying a DC power to the target, maintaining a pressure of less than about 500 mTorr within the process chamber, and providing up to about 5000 W of a substrate bias RF power to deposit a seed layer comprising the material atop the barrier layer.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing substrates are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a substrate processing system may include a process chamber having a first volume to receive a plasma and a second volume for processing a substrate; a substrate support disposed in the second volume; and a plasma filter disposed in the process chamber between the first volume and the second volume such that a plasma formed in the first volume can only flow from the first volume to the second volume through the plasma filter. In some embodiments, the substrate processing system includes a process kit coupled to the process chamber, wherein the plasma filter is disposed in the process kit.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, can be provided by forming gate structures for transistors on a semiconductor substrate in a cell region and in a peripheral circuit region. An offset spacer can be formed including a first material on the gate structures. A first ion implantation can be done using the gate structures and the offset spacer as an ion implantation mask to form source/drain regions. A material layer can be formed including a second material on the semiconductor substrate and on the gate structures. A material layer can be formed of a third material, having an etch selectivity with respect to the second material, on the material layer of the second material. An etch-back can be performed the material layer comprising the third material in the cell region and in the peripheral region, to simultaneously expose the source/drains region in the peripheral region and not expose the source/drain regions in the cell region.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device can include forming gate structures for transistors on a semiconductor substrate in a cell region and in a peripheral circuit region, forming an offset spacer of a first material on the gate structure, performing first ion implantation for source/drain region formation using the gate structures and the offset spacer as an ion implantation mask, forming a material layer of a second material on the semiconductor substrate and the gate structures, forming a material layer of a third material, which has an etch selectivity with respect to the second material, on the material layer made of the second material, etching-back the material layer made of the third material using the material layer made of the second material as an etch stop layer to form a multi-layered spacer comprising the second material and the third material, performing second ion implantation for source/drain region formation using the gate structures and the multi-layered spacer as an ion implantati