Abstract: Synthetic brochosomes can be prepared by disposing a monolayer of first polymer microspheres on a substrate and forming a layer of metal on the monolayer of the first polymer microspheres. A monolayer of second polymer microspheres is then disposed on the layer of metal to form a template. The second polymer microspheres are smaller than the first polymer microspheres. A brochosome material is then electrodeposited on the template. The brochosome material is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide, a polymer or a hybrid thereof. The first polymer microspheres and the second polymer microspheres are then removed to form a coating of synthetic brochosomes of the brochosome material on the substrate.

Abstract: A biochemical analysis system capable of sample preparation and processing can include at least one inlet channel having a non-fouling, slippery surface to autonomously transport a fluid sample to a chamber by a geometry of the at least one inlet channel. The at least one inlet channel can include a first end, which is open and exposed, and a second end connected to the chamber for mixing and reaction of the fluid sample, and the at least one inlet channel can include a converging or diverging angle.

Abstract: A coated smooth surface of a substrate repels liquids and viscoelastic materials and can have anti-staining and anti-biofouling properties. The smooth surface can be coated by applying a chemical layer on the surface and a lubricant. Such coated surfaces are useful for use in toilets, urinals, or other devices for the processing of liquids and viscoelastic materials such as solid or semi-solid metabolic waste of human digestive system. Such coated surfaces can also be applied to windows for buildings or vehicles such as automobiles or camera lenses to repel liquids (e.g. rain), ice, frost, insect residues, and birds' feces.

Abstract: A free standing liquid membrane is disclosed that can selectively separate objects based on the kinetic energy value of the objects such that either an object having a first kinetic energy value can pass through the free standing liquid membrane while retaining the membrane and/or an object having a second kinetic energy value is prevented from passing through the membrane while retaining the membrane. Advantageously, the free standing liquid membrane can remain intact for seconds to hours with multiple objects passing through the membrane.

Abstract: A process for preparing a repellant smooth surface includes applying a coating composition onto a smooth surface of a substrate having hydroxyl functional groups thereon and an average roughness Ra of less than 4 ?m. The coating composition includes: (i) a polymerizable silane or siloxane or both selected from the group consisting of dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethoxy-methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane, dimethoxy(methyl)octylsilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, (ii) a solvent and (iii) an acid catalyst. The process further includes polymerizing the silane or siloxane or both from the hydroxyl functional groups on the smooth surface of the substrate to form a chemical layer of graft polymers having ends anchored to the smooth surface and applying a lubricant coating over the formed chemical layer to adhere and maintain the lubricant on the smooth surface and form a lubricant-entrenched smooth surface as the repellant smooth surface.

Abstract: Formulations for preparing repellent coatings on surfaces of substrates, such as medical devices, can include a non-cyclic volatile siloxane solvent such as a linear or a branched volatile alkyl (e.g., methyl) siloxane solvent and mixtures thereof. Such formulations include (i) one or more reactive components that can form a bonded layer on a surface in which the bonded layer comprises an array of compounds having one end bound to a surface and an opposite end extending away from the surface; (ii) an acid catalyst; and (iii) the non-cyclic volatile siloxane solvent. The formulation can also include (iv) a lubricant.

Abstract: Repellent coatings for solid surfaces that repeatedly are subjected to high temperatures cycles are disclosed. The repellent coatings on such surfaces are formed from a formulation having (i) one or more reactive silane or siloxane components that can form a bonded layer on the surface in which the bonded layer comprises an array of compounds each compound having one end bound to the surface and an opposite end extending away from the surface, (ii) an acid catalyst, and (iii) a solvent. A lubricant can be included in the formulation or applied on a formed bonded layer. The surface of the substrate and repellent coating thereon are subjected to a temperature of above and below 65° C. as a cycle and the cycle repeated at least twice.

Abstract: A biochemical analysis system capable of sample preparation and processing can include at least one inlet channel having a non-fouling, slippery surface to autonomously transport a fluid sample to a chamber by a geometry of the at least one inlet channel. The at least one inlet channel can include a first end, which is open and exposed, and a second end connected to the chamber for mixing and reaction of the fluid sample, and the at least one inlet channel can include a converging or diverging angle.

Abstract: A biochemical analysis system capable of sample preparation and processing can include at least one inlet channel having a non-fouling, slippery surface to autonomously transport a fluid sample to a chamber by a geometry of the at least one inlet channel. The at least one inlet channel can include a first end, which is open and exposed, and a second end connected to the chamber for mixing and reaction of the fluid sample, and the at least one inlet channel can include a converging or diverging angle.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a strategy to create self-healing, slippery self-lubricating polymers. Lubricating liquids with affinities to polymers can be utilized to get absorbed within the polymer and form a lubricant layer (of the lubricating liquid) on the polymer. The lubricant layer can repel a wide range of materials, including simple and complex fluids (water, hydrocarbons, crude oil and bodily fluids), restore liquid-repellency after physical damage, and resist ice, microorganisms and insects adhesion. Some exemplary applications where self-lubricating polymers will be useful include energy-efficient, friction-reduction fluid handling and transportation, medical devices, anti-icing, optical sensing, and as self-cleaning, and anti-fouling materials operating in extreme environments.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a strategy to create self-healing, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces. Roughened (e.g., porous) surfaces can be utilized to lock in place a lubricating fluid, referred to herein as Liquid B to repel a wide range of materials, referred to herein as Object A (Solid A or Liquid A). Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces outperforms other conventional surfaces in its capability to repel various simple and complex liquids (water, hydrocarbons, crude oil and blood), maintain low-contact-angle hysteresis (<2.5°), quickly restore liquid-repellency after physical damage (within 0.1-1 s), resist ice, microorganisms and insects adhesion, and function at high pressures (up to at least 690 atm). Some exemplary application where slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces will be useful include energy-efficient fluid handling and transportation, optical sensing, medicine, and as self-cleaning, and anti-fouling materials operating in extreme environments.

Abstract: A free standing liquid membrane is disclosed that can selectively separate objects based on the kinetic energy value of the objects such that either an object having a first kinetic energy value can pass through the free standing liquid membrane while retaining the membrane and/or an object having a second kinetic energy value is prevented from passing through the membrane while retaining the membrane. Advantageously, the free standing liquid membrane can remain intact for seconds to hours with multiple objects passing through the membrane.

Abstract: A process for preparing a repellant smooth surface includes applying a coating composition onto a smooth surface of a substrate having hydroxyl functional groups thereon and an average roughness Ra of less than 4 ?m. The coating composition includes: (i) a polymerizable silane or siloxane or both selected from the group consisting of dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethoxy-methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane, dimethoxy(methyl)octylsilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, (ii) a solvent and (iii) an acid catalyst. The process further includes polymerizing the silane or siloxane or both from the hydroxyl functional groups on the smooth surface of the substrate to form a chemical layer of graft polymers having ends anchored to the smooth surface and applying a lubricant coating over the formed chemical layer to adhere and maintain the lubricant on the smooth surface and form a lubricant-entrenched smooth surface as the repellant smooth surface.

Abstract: Synthetic brochosomes can be prepared by disposing a monolayer of first polymer microspheres on a substrate and forming a layer of metal on the monolayer of the first polymer microspheres. A monolayer of second polymer microspheres is then disposed on the layer of metal to form a template. The second polymer microspheres are smaller than the first polymer microspheres. A brochosome material is then electrodeposited on the template. The brochosome material is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide, a polymer or a hybrid thereof. The first polymer microspheres and the second polymer microspheres are then removed to form a coating of synthetic brochosomes of the brochosome material on the substrate.

Abstract: A free standing liquid membrane is disclosed that can selectively separate objects based on the kinetic energy value of the objects such that either an object having a first kinetic energy value can pass through the free standing liquid membrane while retaining the membrane and/or an object having a second kinetic energy value is prevented from passing through the membrane while retaining the membrane. Advantageously, the free standing liquid membrane can remain intact for seconds to hours with multiple objects passing through the membrane.

Abstract: A self-healing, scratch resistant slippery surface that is manufactured by wicking a chemically-inert, high-density liquid coating over a roughened solid surface featuring micro and nanoscale topographies is described. Such a slippery surface shows anti-wetting properties, as well as exhibits significant reduction of adhesion of a broad range of biological materials, including particles in suspension or solution. Specifically, the slippery surfaces can be applied to medical devices and equipment to effectively repel biological materials such as blood, and prevent, reduce, or delay coagulation and surface-mediated clot formation. Moreover, the slippery surfaces can be used to prevent fouling by microorganisms such as bacteria.

Abstract: A coated smooth surface of a substrate repels liquids and viscoelastic materials and can have anti-staining and anti-biofouling properties. The smooth surface can be coated by applying a chemical layer on the surface and a lubricant. Such coated surfaces are useful for use in toilets, urinals, or other devices for the processing of liquids and viscoelastic materials such as solid or semi-solid metabolic waste of human digestive system. Such coated surfaces can also be applied to windows for buildings or vehicles such as automobiles or camera lenses to repel liquids (e.g., rain), ice, frost, insect residues, and birds' feces.

Abstract: An ostomy bag having a polymeric surface is prepared by forming a polyphenol layer on the surface, forming a silanization layer on the polyphenol layer and forming a lubricant layer entrenched over the silanization layer. The silanization layer is polymerized from a solution including: (i) a polymerizable silane or siloxane or combination thereof; (ii) a solvent; and (iii) an acid catalyst. The silanization layer comprises an array of silanes or siloxanes or a combination thereof each having ends anchored to the polyphenol layer and opposite ends extending away from the polyphenol layer.

Abstract: Synthetic brochosomes can be prepared by disposing a monolayer of first polymer microspheres on a substrate and forming a layer of metal on the monolayer of the first polymer microspheres. A monolayer of second polymer microspheres is then disposed on the layer of metal to form a template. The second polymer microspheres are smaller than the first polymer microspheres. A brochosome material is then electrodeposited on the template. The brochosome material is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide, a polymer or a hybrid thereof. The first polymer microspheres and the second polymer microspheres are then removed to form a coating of synthetic brochosomes of the brochosome material on the substrate.

Abstract: A self-healing, scratch resistant slippery surface that is manufactured by wicking a chemically-inert, high-density liquid coating over a roughened solid surface featuring micro and nanoscale topographies is described. Such a slippery surface shows anti-wetting properties, as well as exhibits significant reduction of adhesion of a broad range of biological materials, including particles in suspension or solution. Specifically, the slippery surfaces can be applied to medical devices and equipment to effectively repel biological materials such as blood, and prevent, reduce, or delay coagulation and surface-mediated clot formation. Moreover, the slippery surfaces can be used to prevent fouling by microorganisms such as bacteria.