Abstract: In a compact information terminal apparatus including display means having a displaying function equivalent to that of a personal computer, a browser for browsing a hyper text can easily be manipulated without altering the hyper text formed for the personal computer. When a position other than a hot spot of the hyper text on a browsing view is designated by using a position designating input device which can be manipulated by one hand, a group of operation buttons of the browser for the hyper text is displayed in the vicinity of a designated position.

Abstract: There is provided a personal information terminal being compact in size but capable of large-screen display of information, and being made so that the terminal's energy consumption is reduced and the terminal is capable of being carried around. The terminal has a data display device equipped with an enlarging optical system, an input device for receiving instructions from a user, a radio communications device for connecting to a network, and a control device for obtaining information from the network through the radio device and making the information be displayed on the data display device based on instructions from the input device, and additionally, while the control device is obtaining the information from the network through the radio device the control device turns off an electrical power supply to a backlight which comprises the data display device.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for supporting a cooperative activity in which an activity is performed by cooperation among a plurality of participants, as in a television conference system. When another user attempts to participate in the cooperative activity (session), a guardian is assigned to the session and a guardian is assigned also to the user attempting to participate. Allowance or refusal of participation by the user in the session is decided based upon the access control level of the guardian corresponding to the user, a guardian tree defining the path of the guardian and the mutual relationship between the guardians.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a group environment setting method in a system where plural participants form a group and perform a cooperative operation. Environment setting information for an application environment setting of a cooperative operation is registered in a group unit. When a group is designated by a participant, environment setting information corresponding to the designated group is read from the registered environment setting information, and applied as environment setting information of the participant. A data structure of the environment setting information has a hierarchical structure, and information related to the designated environment setting items is selected from the read environment setting information.

Abstract: There is provided a cooperative work supporting method and a system therefor, for smooth progress of a cooperative work by evaluating the participation rate, of the level of participation of each participant to the cooperative work, and utilizing such participation rate in the cooperative work.The cooperative work supporting method for use in a system for effecting a work by cooperation of plural participants, comprises determining a participation rate, indicating the level of participation to the cooperative work, for each participant; and informing each participant of such participation rate in an identifiable manner. Also the participation of the participant to the cooperative work is adjusted according to the participation rate. Also there is provided a prompt requesting the adjustment of the participation rate of each participant. The participation rate is determined by the data read-out frequency and/or the data write-in frequency of each participant in the cooperative work.

Abstract: An arrangement for executing a process in a data processing system using first and second programs each including executable codes and data in coordinated fashion in which a portion of the data and executable codes from the first program is provided to the second program during execution of the process. In execution of the process, portions of the data and executable codes provided by the first program to the second program are forcibly added or forcibly substituted and executed by the second program. The data and executable code portions are provided by injection and the injection and execution are conducted by imparting an acknowledgement of the addition or substitution and execution to the first program by the second program.

Abstract: According to a data management method of managing shared data which is shared by a plurality of processes and data inherent in a process which exists during execution of one particular process and disappears when the process is finished, when each process fetches shared data from a data base into a memory, whether the shared data requires data inherent in the process is checked. Any inherent data of the process is determined, if necessity for that data is determined. The determined inherent data of the process is stored in the memory. A pointer for the inherent data of the process, which is stored in the memory, is stored into the fetched shared data in accordance with attributes inherent in the process requiring the inherent data of the process.

Abstract: In storing data in one file, consisting of a plurality of blocks of data, a first code is generated by converting a password and a predetermined portion of each of the blocks of data. This portion may be, for example, the data block itself or identification information such as a name. The code is stored in correspondence to the stored data. In reading the stored data, a second code is generated by performing the same conversion on the password and the predetermined portion of the stored data. A comparison is made between the generated second code and the first code stored. Failure of the two to match indicates that an improper rewrite has occurred. In such a case, that occurrence may simply be noted, access to the data may be prohibited; more generally, what processing is performed, or is permitted, is varied according to the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A method of discriminating, for each first level partial data, whether or not saved data, one file of which is composed of a plurality of the first level partial data and each of the first level partial data is able to include a second level partial data, has been unjustifiably rewritten. The method includes the steps of at a time of saving a file, designating a first level partial data on the basis of a user instruction, receiving a password from a user, converting the received password and the designated first level partial data, which includes second level partial data, according to a predetermined procedure to generate a first code and saving the file with storing of the first code to correspond to the designated first level partial data.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ignition device for spark-igniting a fuel of such burning instruments as cigaret lighters, gas ranges and the like, utilizing a high electric voltage obtained by giving a bending stress in lengthwise direction to an elongated rectangular plate-shaped porcelain piezoelectric element. A plurality of electrodes is formed at least on one of the surfaces of the plate-shaped element along the respective lines parallel to lengthwise both ends and dividing the element lengthwise into "n" divisions, and adjacent divisions are polarized reversely to each other also in the lengthwise direction. A force-to-electricity conversion is made with a piezoelectric constant g.sub.33.