Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and a memory coupled to the circuitry, wherein the circuitry, in operation, performs a partition process. The partition process includes calculating first values of a set of pixels between a first partition and a second partition in a current block, using a first motion vector for the first partition; calculating second values of the set of pixels, using a second motion vector for the second partition; and calculating third values of the set of pixels by weighting the first values and the second values. When a ratio of a width to a height of the current block is larger than 4 or a ratio of the height to the width of the current block is larger than 4, the circuitry disables the partition process.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: derives a motion vector of a current block by referring to at least one reference picture different from a picture to which the current block belongs; performs a mode for estimating, for each sub-block unit of sub-blocks obtained by splitting the current block, a surrounding region of the motion vector to correct the motion vector; determines whether to apply deblocking filtering to each of boundaries between neighboring ones of the sub-blocks; and applies the deblocking filtering to the boundary, based on a result of the determination.

Abstract: In a method for providing information, menu items included in menu information regarding a second restaurant indicated by a store identifier are arranged in order according to taste information regarding a user on the basis of the taste information and the menu information, the menu information being obtained, over a network before the store identifier is obtained from a terminal apparatus, from a server associated with the second restaurant indicated by the store identifier. Menu information regarding the menu items arranged in the order is transmitted to the terminal apparatus and displayed on a display screen of the terminal apparatus.

Abstract: An encoder that encodes a video includes circuitry and memory connected to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: generates a prediction image on a per sub-block basis; and when a sub-block size is 4×4, applies a boundary smoothing process only to sub-block boundaries having boundary positions that are integer multiples of 8.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: performing context arithmetic coding to consecutively code (i) first information indicating whether or not to perform sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing for a first region of an image and (ii) second information indicating whether or not to use, in the SAO processing for the first region, information on SAO processing for a region other than the first region, the context arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a variable probability, the SAO processing being offset processing on a pixel value; and performing bypass arithmetic coding to code other information which is information on the SAO processing for the first region and different from the first information or the second information, after the first information and the second information are coded, the bypass arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a fixed probability.

Abstract: A decoder includes circuitry which, in operation, parses a first flag indicating whether a CCALF (cross component adaptive loop filtering) process is enabled for a first block located adjacent to a left side of a current block; parses a second flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for a second block located adjacent to an upper side of the current block; determines a first index associated with a color component of the current block; and derives a second index indicating a context model, using the first flag, the second flag, and the first index. The circuitry, in operation, performs entropy decoding of a third flag indicating whether the CCALF process is enabled for the current block, using the context model indicated by the second index; and performs the CCALF process on the current block in response to the third flag indicating the CCALF process is enabled for the current block.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus for coding a current block is provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to code a first block, and it is determined whether a total number of candidates including the first candidate is less than a maximum candidate number. A second candidate having a second motion vector is derived when the total number of the candidates is less than the maximum candidate number, with the second motion vector including a zero vector. A candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates including the first candidate and the second candidate, and the current block is decoded using the selected candidate.

Abstract: By the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method, it is possible to improve coding efficiency. The moving picture coding apparatus includes a merge block candidate calculation unit that (i) specifies merge block candidates at merge mode, by using colpic information such as motion vectors and reference picture index values of neighbor blocks of a current block to be coded and a motion vector and the like of a collocated block of the current block which are stored in a colPic memory, and (ii) generates a combined merge block by using the merge block candidates.

Abstract: Provided is an encoder which includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry splits an image block into a plurality of partitions, obtains a prediction image for a partition, and encodes the image block using the prediction image. When the partition is not a non-rectangular partition, the circuitry obtains (i) a first prediction image for the partition, (ii) a gradient image for the first prediction image, and (iii) a second prediction image as the prediction image using the first prediction image and the gradient image. When the partition is a non-rectangular partition, the circuitry obtains the first prediction image as the prediction image without using the gradient image.

Abstract: An encoder includes: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: controls whether to change a resolution of a picture from a resolution of a previous picture preceding the picture in one of display order and encoding order, according to a constraint that allows the changing only when the picture is a random access picture among one or more random access pictures; and when a resolution of a reference picture to be used in encoding of an inter-predicted picture is different from a resolution of the inter-predicted picture, resamples a reference image in the reference picture according to a difference between the resolution of the reference picture and the resolution of the inter-predicted picture, and encodes an image in the inter-predicted picture using the reference image resampled.

Abstract: With an image coding method which allows reduction of processing loads, when pictures included in a video signal are classified into layers so as to belong to their respective layers, a picture that belongs to the second layer that is located in a range restricted according to the first layer to which a current picture to be coded that is one of the pictures belongs, is referred to as a reference picture for the current picture, and the current picture is coded based on the reference picture.

Abstract: An encoder: generates, in an inter prediction mode, a first prediction image of a current block to be processed, based on a derived motion vector; and generates a final prediction image of the current block by applying an update process to the first prediction image. Candidates for the update process include a first process and a second process. The first process is a BDOF process. The second process is a process of mixing the first prediction image with a second prediction image generated in intra prediction for the current block. In the applying of the update process, the first process and the second process are mutually exclusively applied.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry determines whether a first virtual pipeline decoding unit (VPDU) is split into smaller blocks and whether a second VPDU is split into smaller blocks. In response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, a block of chroma samples is predicted without using luma samples. In response to a determination the first VPDU is split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is split into smaller blocks, the block of chroma samples is predicted using luma samples. In response to a determination the first VPDU is not split into smaller blocks and a determination the second VPDU is not split into smaller block, the block of chroma samples is predicted using luma samples. The block is encoded using the predicted chroma samples.

Abstract: Provided is an encoder which includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry splits an image block into a plurality of partitions, obtains a prediction image for a partition, and encodes the image block using the prediction image. When the partition is not a non-rectangular partition, the circuitry obtains (i) a first prediction image for the partition, (ii) a gradient image for the first prediction image, and (iii) a second prediction image as the prediction image using the first prediction image and the gradient image. When the partition is a non-rectangular partition, the circuitry obtains the first prediction image as the prediction image without using the gradient image.

Abstract: An encoder that encodes a moving picture using an inter prediction process, and includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In the inter prediction process, when performing a correction process which is a local illumination compensation (LIC) process for a prediction image, the circuitry, in operation; performs the correction process on a prediction image generated using a finally-derived motion vector that is finally derived in a stage before the correction process; and after the correction process, determines, as a final prediction image, the prediction image subjected to the correction process, without applying other correction process on the prediction image.

Abstract: A method for providing information includes: arranging, on the basis of taste information regarding a user and the menu information regarding a second restaurant indicated by a store identifier, first menu items included in the menu information in order according to the taste information; and causing the first menu items arranged in the order according to the taste information to be displayed in a first display area of a display screen of a terminal apparatus, and causing second menu items specified by the second restaurant to be displayed in a second display area of the display screen.

Abstract: A method for controlling a terminal apparatus includes: arranging, on the basis of taste information regarding a user and menu information regarding a second restaurant indicated by a store ID, first menu items included in the menu information in order according to the taste information; and causing the first menu items arranged in the order according to the taste information to be displayed in a first display area of a display screen of a terminal apparatus, and causing second menu items specified by the second restaurant to be displayed in a second display area of the display screen.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus includes: an inter prediction control unit which determines to code a motion vector using, among candidate predicted motion vectors, a candidate predicted motion vector having the least error with relative to a motion vector derived by motion estimation; a picture type determination unit which generates picture type information; a temporal direction vector calculation unit which derives a candidate predicted motion vector in temporal direct; and a co-located reference direction determination unit which generates, for each picture, a co-located reference direction flag.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry performs a primary transform on a derived prediction error, performs a secondary transform on a result of the primary transform, quantizes a result of the secondary transform, and encodes a result of the quantization as data of an image. When a current block to be processed has a predetermined shape, the encoder performs the secondary transform using, among secondary transform basis candidates that are secondary bases usable in the secondary transform, only a secondary transform basis candidate having a size that is not largest size containable in the current block.

Abstract: A method of performing motion vector prediction for a current block in a picture is provided which includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector predictor to code a current motion vector of the current block, from a first motion vector of a first block that is spatially adjacent or temporally adjacent to the current block; adding the derived candidate to a list of candidates; and deriving at least one motion vector predictor based on a selected candidate from the list of candidates, wherein the deriving of the candidate includes determining whether to derive the candidate from the first motion vector, based on a type of a current reference picture and a type of a first reference picture, the current reference picture being referred to from the current block using the current motion vector, the first reference picture being referred to from the first block using the first motion vector.