Abstract: A germanium optical receiver in which a dark current is small is achieved. The germanium optical receiver is formed of a p-type germanium layer, a non-doped i-type germanium layer, and an n-type germanium layer that are sequentially stacked on an upper surface of a p-type silicon core layer, a first cap layer made of silicon is formed on the side surface of the i-type germanium layer, and a second cap layer made of silicon is formed on the upper surface and side surface of the n-type germanium layer. The n-type germanium layer is doped with such an element as phosphorus or boron having a covalent bonding radius smaller than a covalent bonding radius of germanium.

Abstract: An electric storage system includes plural electric storage elements, a voltage detection circuit, a discharging circuit, and a controller. The controller is configured to: (a) control an operation of the discharging circuit on the basis of the voltage values detected by the voltage detecting circuit, (b) determine a first reference voltage value indicating a lowest voltage value from the voltage values of the plurality of electric storage elements, (c) discharge the electric storage element indicating the voltage value of which a voltage difference from the first reference voltage value is greater than a first threshold value, and (d) set the first threshold value to a smaller value as the first reference voltage value becomes lower.

Abstract: A power storage system includes a power storage device and a controller. The controller controls discharge processing based on voltage values of power storage elements. The controller determines an abnormal state according to voltage fluctuation after the voltage values are made uniform. The controller performs first processing when the following conditions i) and ii) are satisfied and performs second processing when the following conditions i) and iii) are satisfied. The condition i) is that the power storage elements are divided into a plurality of groups, each group consists of each power storage stack included in the power storage device. The condition ii) is that the voltage values of the power storage elements are different in each group. The condition iii) is that, in the plurality of groups in each of which the voltage values are made uniform, the voltage values are different among the plurality of groups.

Abstract: A conductor provided in an interconnection layer is allowed to have a low resistance. An insulator film is provided over a substrate, and is comprised of SiO(1-x)Nx (where x>0.5 in an XRD analysis result). An interconnection is provided over the insulator film, and includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes at least one of TiN, TaN, WN, and RuN. The second layer is provided over the first layer, and is formed of a material having a resistance lower than the first layer, for example, W.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus is provided with a multi X-ray source and a collimator in which a plurality of slits for X-rays to pass through are two-dimensionally formed, the size and position of the slits being adjustable. A control unit, as a first control mode, controls the size and position of the slits to move an examination region in parallel, when an X-ray source is changed to a different X-ray source, such that the examination directions are parallel before and after the change. Also, the control unit, as a second control mode, controls the size and position of the slits to rotate the examination direction, when an X-ray source is changed to a different X-ray source, such that the center of the examination regions is the same before and after the change.

Abstract: The exposure apparatus includes a first detector, a first alignment unit, a second detector, and a second alignment unit, and a controller, wherein the controller controls the second alignment unit so that alignment of a substrate is conducted based on a detection result from detection of the mark by the second detector in a first view when alignment of the substrate can be conducted by the first alignment unit at a prescribed alignment accuracy, and controls the second alignment unit so that alignment of the substrate is conducted based on a detection result from detection of the mark by the second detector in a second view that is wider than the first view when alignment of the substrate cannot be conducted by the first alignment unit at the prescribed alignment accuracy.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray generating unit, an X-ray image receiving unit, a control unit, and an arm unit. The X-ray generating unit radiates X-rays. The X-ray image receiving unit receives X-rays radiated by the X-ray generating unit. The control unit controls the X-ray generating unit and the X-ray image receiving unit. The arm unit is configured to extend so as to position the X-ray generating unit and the control unit above the X-ray image receiving unit and to retract in the case of transportation.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe (102) which has high propagation efficiency of ultrasound and can obtain a high resolution ultrasonic diagnostic image. The ultrasonic probe (102) includes an ultrasonic transducer including: a piezoelectric body (208) which generates ultrasound; and a first matching layer (101) which is disposed in a predetermined direction as seen from the piezoelectric body (208) and is for performing acoustic matching between the piezoelectric body (208) and a subject. The first matching layer (101) includes a plurality of matching regions (101a, 101b, 101c) which have a uniform thickness in the predetermined direction, are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction, and include at least two matching regions having frequency characteristics of ultrasound transmittance that are different from each other.

Abstract: To enable stable collision avoidance operation without the need to install an infrastructure or the like even in a dangerous area where running out is likely to occur.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless microphone system comprising a microphone and a wireless receiver, wherein the wireless microphone system is provided with: a normal communication mode in which communication is performed by using a normal unique word (UWN) preset in both the microphone and the wireless receiver devices; a confidential setting mode in which a confidential unique word (UWX) is transmitted without being set in either of said devices; and a confidential communication mode in which communication is performed by both said devices by using the confidential unique word (UWX) set by the confidential setting mode.

Abstract: An estimation apparatus of estimating a deterioration state of a secondary battery has a current sensor measuring an electric current of the secondary battery, a current estimating section estimating the electric current of the secondary battery by using a battery model, and a deterioration estimating section estimating a second deterioration component produced in association with a salt concentration imbalance in the secondary battery. The deterioration estimating section estimates the second deterioration component by using the measured current obtained from the current sensor, the estimated current obtained from the current estimating section, and a first deterioration component produced in association with wear of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A stereoscopic X-ray imaging apparatus includes: right and left X-ray tubes; a diaphragm unit in which right and left openings are formed through which X-rays radiated by the right and left X-ray tubes pass, respectively; an X-ray sensor on which the X-ray radiated by each of the right and left X-ray tubes is projected; a controller configured to control positions and sizes of the right and left openings; and right and left visible light sources configured to radiate a visible light to the X-ray sensor in the same area as each of the right and left X-ray tubes through each of the right and left openings. Spectra of the visible light emitted by the right and left visible light sources are different from each other.

Abstract: A concentration distribution in an active material of a battery unit is calculated by using a diffusion equation, and a first polarization elimination time taken for the concentration distribution in the active material to fall within an allowable range is calculated assuming that charge and discharge of the battery unit is not performed. A concentration distribution in an electrolyte of the battery unit is calculated by using a diffusion equation, and a second polarization elimination time taken for the concentration distribution in the electrolyte to fall within an allowable range is calculated assuming that the charge and the discharge of the battery unit is not performed. It is determined that polarization of the battery unit is eliminated when a time for which the charge and the discharge of the battery unit is not performed is longer than the longer one of the first polarization elimination time and the second polarization elimination time.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprises an X-ray generation unit; a plurality of supporting members configured to support the X-ray generation unit; and an accommodation unit configured to accommodate the X-ray generation unit and the plurality of supporting members, wherein the accommodation unit is formed by bringing a first member and a second member into contact with each other, each of the plurality of supporting members is connected to the first member by a first connecting portion that is rotatable and to the X-ray generation unit by a second connecting portion that is rotatable, and a support height of the X-ray generation unit supported by the supporting members can be adjusted in accordance with a distance between the first member and the second member.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus includes a multi X-ray source which includes a plurality of X-ray focuses to generate X-rays by irradiating X-ray targets with electron beams, a detector which detects X-rays which have been emitted from the multi X-ray source and have reached a detection surface, and a moving mechanism for moving the multi X-ray source within a plane facing the detection surface. The X-ray imaging apparatus acquires a plurality of X-ray detection signals from the detector by causing the multi X-ray source to perform X-ray irradiation while shifting the positions of a plurality of X-ray focuses which the detector has relative to the detection surface by moving the multi X-ray source using the moving mechanism. The apparatus then generates an X-ray projection image based on the plurality of X-ray detection signals acquired by the detector.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprises an X-ray source; a housing configured to accommodate the X-ray source; and a plurality of supporting legs each connected to the housing via a movable connecting portion and configured to support the housing, wherein each of the supporting legs can change, by the movable connecting portion, a support angle made by a ground plane and the supporting leg.

Abstract: A power converter includes an inverter unit that includes a plurality of semiconductor switching elements constituting upper and lower arms and converts DC power into AC power; a gate driving unit that outputs, to the inverter unit, a gate signal used to drive gates of the plurality of semiconductor switching elements; a driving control unit that supplies the gate driving unit with a switching control signal used for the gate driving unit to output the gate signal; a first abnormality detection unit that performs over voltage detection of the DC power and over current detection of the AC power and temperature detection of the upper and lower arms; and a second abnormality detection unit that detects abnormality of the plurality of semiconductor switching elements of the upper arm and lower arms, wherein the driving control unit includes a first protection circuit and a second protection circuit.

Abstract: In an X-ray generator which includes an electron beam generating unit which has a plurality of electron emitters and generates an electron beam corresponding to driven electron emitters, and a target electrode which generates X-rays with the irradiation position of an electron beam generated by the electron beam generating unit being an X-ray focus, the X-ray focus shape formed by a set of X-ray focuses on the target electrode is controlled by individually controlling driving of the plurality of electron emitters.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus that captures radiographic images includes a radioactive ray generating unit configured to irradiate a subject with a plurality of radioactive rays generated by a plurality of electron sources. A radioactive ray detection unit captures a plurality of first radiographic images based on detection of the plurality of radioactive rays that have passed through the subject at different irradiation angles. Area specification unit specifies an object area using the plurality of first radiographic images captured by the radioactive ray detection unit, and a determination unit determines an electron source to be driven from the plurality of electron sources based on the object area specified by the area specification unit, such that a second radiographic image is captured based on the radioactive rays generated by the electron source determined by the determination unit.

Abstract: A radiation transmission type target to be used for a radiation tube has a target metal 12 placed on a substrate 13, and has an antistatic member 14 placed on a surface of the substrate 13 opposite to a surface on which the target metal 12 is placed. The target suppresses its electrostatic charge, and enables the radiation tube to stable operate.