Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is a self-supporting gallium nitride substrate useful as an alternative material for a gallium nitride single crystal substrate, which is inexpensive and also suitable for having a large area. This substrate is composed of a plate composed of gallium nitride-based single crystal grains, wherein the plate has a single crystal structure in the approximately normal direction. This substrate can be manufactured by a method comprising providing an oriented polycrystalline sintered body; forming a seed crystal layer composed of gallium nitride on the sintered body so that the seed crystal layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with the crystal orientation of the sintered body; forming a layer with a thickness of 20 ?m or greater composed of gallium nitride-based crystals on the seed crystal layer so that the layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with crystal orientation of the seed crystal layer; and removing the sintered body.

Abstract: A semiconductor light source includes an active layer oscillating a semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes a ridge type optical waveguide comprising an incident face to which said semiconductor laser light is made incident and an emitting face for emitting an emitted light having a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating comprising convexes and concaves and formed in said ridge type optical waveguide, and an emitting side propagating portion disposed between the incident face and said Bragg grating. The system oscillates the laser in a reflection wavelength range of said Bragg grating. A width of the optical waveguide in the Bragg grating and a width of the optical waveguide at the emitting face are different from each other.

Abstract: Provided are a composite substrate suitable for low-cost manufacture of light emitting devices having a three-dimensional shape such as a curved shape or a concave-convex shape, and a light emitting device having a three-dimensional shape manufactured with such a substrate. The composite substrate of the present invention comprises a substrate having a surface with a three-dimensional shape and a group 13 element nitride crystal layer provided on the substrate. The substrate is a substrate in which the surface with a three-dimensional shape comprises a layer composed of oriented polycrystalline alumina, or a substrate an entirety of which is composed of oriented polycrystalline alumina. The group 13 element nitride crystal layer 14 is formed on the oriented polycrystalline alumina of the substrate. Optionally, a light emitting functional layer is provided on the group 13 element nitride crystal layer.

Abstract: Provided is a semipermeable membrane having at least a separating functional layer, wherein azo compounds are retained in the separating functional layer, and the separating functional layer has a yellow index of 10 to 40. Also provided is a method of producing the semipermeable membrane. The present invention provides a semipermeable membrane having not only high water permeability but also high rejection performance even for substances that are nondissociative in the neutral range, such as boric acid, and showing high durability and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: A magnetic measuring device can be downsized. The magnetic measuring device includes a diamond crystal, a microwave source, a light source array/microwave circuit chip, an image sensor, and a signal controller. The diamond crystal contains a plurality of nitrogen-vacancy pairs. The microwave source generates the microwave that is irradiated to the diamond crystal. The microwave circuit unit in the light source array/microwave circuit chip irradiates the diamond crystal with the microwave. The light source array in the light source array/microwave circuit chip irradiates the diamond crystal with excitation light. The image sensor detects an intensity of fluorescent light generated from the diamond crystal. The signal controller performs image processing of a fluorescent image taken-in by the image sensor, and controls operations of the light source array/microwave circuit chip and the microwave source.

Abstract: Provided is a light emitting device composite substrate suitable for manufacturing large-area light emitting devices at low cost. The light emitting device composite substrate comprises a substrate composed of an oriented polycrystalline alumina sintered body, and a light emitting functional layer formed on the substrate and having two or more layers composed of semiconductor single crystal grains, wherein each of the two or more layers has a single crystal structure in a direction approximately normal to the substrate.

Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light by itself and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The system performs oscillation in single mode. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (5) are satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is a self-supporting gallium nitride substrate useful as an alternative material for a gallium nitride single crystal substrate, which is inexpensive and also suitable for having a large area. This substrate is composed of a plate composed of gallium nitride-based single crystal grains, wherein the plate has a single crystal structure in the approximately normal direction. This substrate can be manufactured by a method comprising providing an oriented polycrystalline sintered body; forming a seed crystal layer composed of gallium nitride on the sintered body so that the seed crystal layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with the crystal orientation of the sintered body; forming a layer with a thickness of 20 ?m or greater composed of gallium nitride-based crystals on the seed crystal layer so that the layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with crystal orientation of the seed crystal layer; and removing the sintered body.

Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: A composite substrate includes a polycrystalline ceramic substrate, a silicon substrate directly bonded to the polycrystalline ceramic substrate, a seed crystal film formed on the silicon substrate by vapor phase process and made of a nitride of a group 13 element, and a gallium nitride crystal layer grown on the seed crystal film by flux method.

Abstract: Provided is a self-supporting gallium nitride substrate useful as an alternative material for a gallium nitride single crystal substrate, which is inexpensive and also suitable for having a large area. This substrate is composed of a plate composed of gallium nitride-based single crystal grains, wherein the plate has a single crystal structure in the approximately normal direction. This substrate can be manufactured by a method comprising providing an oriented polycrystalline sintered body; forming a seed crystal layer composed of gallium nitride on the sintered body so that the seed crystal layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with the crystal orientation of the sintered body; forming a layer with a thickness of 20 ?m or greater composed of gallium nitride-based crystals on the seed crystal layer so that the layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with crystal orientation of the seed crystal layer; and removing the sintered body.

Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: An evanescent light generation element for oscillating evanescent light from an optical waveguide to a clad layer, including a 0.1 ?m-10 ?m thin layer composed of a ferroelectric single crystal or oriented crystal having first and second principal surfaces, and incident side end and exit side end surfaces. A ridge optical waveguide is formed in the thin layer and extends between the incident and exit side end surfaces of the thin layer. At least a pair of grooves is formed on both sides of the ridge optical waveguide in the thin layer and opened at the first principal surface of the thin layer. A clad layer is provided on the first principal surface or the second principal surface. A width of the ridge optical waveguide at the exit side end surface is less than a width of the ridge optical waveguide at the incident side end surface.

Abstract: High-accuracy magnetic measurement is performed by efficiently using nitrogen-vacancy pairs in all orientations. A magnetic measurement apparatus includes a diamond crystal and an image sensor. The diamond crystal has nitrogen-vacancy pairs. The image sensor detects the intensities of fluorescence generated by an exciting light applied to the diamond crystal by using a plurality of pixels. The nitrogen-vacancy pairs of the diamond crystal are made to one-to-one correspond to the pixels. The fluorescence generated by one nitrogen-vacancy pair is received by one pixel made to correspond to the nitrogen-vacancy pair.

Abstract: Provided is a surface light-emitting device comprising a substrate composed of an oriented polycrystalline zinc oxide sintered body in a plate shape, a light emitting functional layer provided on the substrate, and an electrode provided on the light emitting functional layer. According to the present invention, a surface light-emitting device having high luminous efficiency can be inexpensively provided.

Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: Information processing system includes a first certification device which executes a first temporary certification, creates a first temporary certificate, transmits it to an external device, carries out a first formal certification and creates the first formal certificate, a second certification device which executes a second temporary certification based on the first temporary certification, creates a second temporary certificate, transmits it to the external device, carries out a second formal certification and creates the second formal certificate, and a processing device which verifies a validity of the first formal certificate corresponding to the first temporary certificate and a validity of the second formal certificate corresponding to the second temporary certificate from the user, in response to a information processing request from the user and determines to execute the information processing corresponding to the information processing request based on the verification result.

Abstract: A film 3 of a nitride of a group 13 element is grown on a seed crystal substrate 11 by flux process from a melt containing a flux and the group 13 element under nitrogen containing atmosphere. The film 3 of the nitride of the group 13 element includes an inclusion distributed layer 3a in a region distant from an interface 11a of the film 3 of the nitride of the group 13 element on the side of the seed crystal substrate 11 and containing inclusions derived from components of the melt, and an inclusion depleted layer 3b, with the inclusion depleted. provided on the layer 3a. Laser light A is irradiated from the side of the back face 1b of the seed crystal substrate 11 to peel the single crystal 3 of the nitride of the group 13 element from the seed crystal substrate 11 by laser lift-off method.

Abstract: Provided is a self-supporting gallium nitride substrate useful as an alternative material for a gallium nitride single crystal substrate, which is inexpensive and also suitable for having a large area. This substrate is composed of a plate composed of gallium nitride-based single crystal grains, wherein the plate has a single crystal structure in the approximately normal direction. This substrate can be manufactured by a method comprising providing an oriented polycrystalline sintered body; forming a seed crystal layer composed of gallium nitride on the sintered body so that the seed crystal layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with the crystal orientation of the sintered body; forming a layer with a thickness of 20 ?m or greater composed of gallium nitride-based crystals on the seed crystal layer so that the layer has crystal orientation mostly in conformity with crystal orientation of the seed crystal layer; and removing the sintered body.