Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: A film 3 of a nitride of a group 13 element is grown on a seed crystal substrate 11 by flux process from a melt containing a flux and a group 13 element under nitrogen containing atmosphere. The film 3 of a nitride of a group 13 element includes an inclusion distributed layer 3a in a region distant from an interface of the film of a nitride of group 13 element on the side of the seed crystal substrate 11 and containing inclusions derived from components of the melt, and an inclusion depleted layer 3b, with the inclusion depleted. provided on the layer 3a.

Abstract: A particle image velocimetry system is provided which supplies tracer particles to a flow field around an object (12) from tracer particle supply means, takes an image of reflected light by imaging means (32A, 32B) by irradiating the tracer particles twice with laser light at different times, and determines a velocity vector of the flow field based on the two images obtained of the tracer particles. The two images are each divided into a plurality of test regions, and when first peak value (fp)/second peak value (sp)?1.2 is satisfied by comparison between a first peak value fp and a second peak value sp of a cross-correlation value of a luminance pattern of tracer particles in each test region of the two images, it is determined that the reliability of the velocity vector is high. Thus, it is possible to enhance the precision of measurement of the state of flow by reliably determining erroneous vectors.

Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: An aerodynamic noise reduction device reduces aerodynamic noise originating from a separation region located downstream of a step portion protruding from a surface of an object placed in an airflow. Since the step portion protrudes from the surface of the object placed in the airflow, aerodynamic noise is generated from the airflow separation region located downstream of the step portion. However, by forming an air discharge vent at the step portion at a position near a point, in the separation region, where a Reynolds stress is at its maximum and by discharging air from the air discharge vent toward the point where the Reynolds stress is at its maximum, the velocity gradient in the separated shear layer in the separation region is mitigated to decrease the maximum value of the Reynolds stress. The aerodynamic noise is thus effectively reduced.

Abstract: A film 3 of a nitride of a group 13 element is grown on a seed crystal substrate 11 by flux process from a melt containing a flux and a group 13 element under nitrogen containing atmosphere. The film 3 of a nitride of a group 13 element includes an inclusion distributed layer 3a in a region distant from an interface of the film of a nitride of group 13 element on the side of the seed crystal substrate 11 and containing inclusions derived from components of the melt, and an inclusion depleted layer 3b, with the inclusion depleted. provided on the layer 3a.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a film of a nitride of a group 13 element grown on a seed crystal substrate by flux method from a melt including a flux and a group 13 element under nitrogen containing atmosphere, an n-type semiconductor layer provided on the film of the nitride, a light emitting region provided on the n-type semiconductor layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer provided on the light emitting region. The film includes an inclusion distributed layer in a region distant by 50 ?m or less from an interface of the film on the side of the seed crystal substrate and including inclusions derived from components of the melt, and an inclusion depleted layer with the inclusion depleted formed on the inclusion distributed layer.

Abstract: A film 3 of a nitride of a group 13 element is grown on a seed crystal substrate 11 by flux process from a melt containing a flux and the group 13 element under nitrogen containing atmosphere. The film 3 of the nitride of the group 13 element includes an inclusion distributed layer 3a in a region distant from an interface 11a of the film 3 of the nitride of the group 13 element on the side of the seed crystal substrate 11 and containing inclusions derived from components of the melt, and an inclusion depleted layer 3b, with the inclusion depleted. provided on the layer 3a. Laser light A is irradiated from the side of the back face 1b of the seed crystal substrate 11 to peel the single crystal 3 of the nitride of the group 13 element from the seed crystal substrate 11 by laser lift-off method.

Abstract: An aerodynamic noise reduction device reduces aerodynamic noise originating from a separation region located downstream of a step portion protruding from a surface of an object placed in an airflow. Since the step portion protrudes from the surface of the object placed in the airflow, aerodynamic noise is generated from the airflow separation region located downstream of the step portion. However, by forming an air discharge vent at the step portion at a position near a point, in the separation region, where a Reynolds stress is at its maximum and by discharging air from the air discharge vent toward the point where the Reynolds stress is at its maximum, the velocity gradient in the separated shear layer in the separation region is mitigated to decrease the maximum value of the Reynolds stress. The aerodynamic noise is thus effectively reduced.

Abstract: A data converting apparatus includes a storage unit that stores encoded meta-definition information, a data converting function, a conversion rule table, and a conversion rule; an input unit that receives input of data to be converted; a detecting unit that uses the encoded meta-definition information to detect metadata codes for a conversion source and a conversion destination for which the conversion rule code matches; a determining unit that determines whether the detected metadata codes match; a specifying unit that, by referring to a conversion rule and based on the determination result at the determining unit, specifies the data converting function, according to the combination of the metadata codes for the conversion source and for the conversion destination; and a converting unit that uses the specified data converting function to convert the data of the conversion source to have a property prescribed by metadata for the conversion destination.

Abstract: A supporting substrate and a piezoelectric substrate are prepared. A surface of the supporting substrate is bonded to the backside of the piezoelectric substrate with an organic adhesive layer interposed therebetween to form a laminated substrate. Subsequently, a peripheral surface of the laminated substrate is ground such that a peripheral surface of the piezoelectric substrate, a peripheral surface of the organic adhesive layer, and a peripheral surface of the supporting substrate on the side of the organic adhesive layer are made flush with each other. Subsequently, the surface of the piezoelectric substrate is polished to reduce the thickness of the piezoelectric substrate and performing mirror polishing of the surface.

Abstract: A data converting apparatus includes a storage unit that stores encoded meta-definition information, a data converting function, a conversion rule table, and a conversion rule; an input unit that receives input of data to be converted; a detecting unit that uses the encoded meta-definition information to detect metadata codes for a conversion source and a conversion destination for which the conversion rule code matches; a determining unit that determines whether the detected metadata codes match; a specifying unit that, by referring to a conversion rule and based on the determination result at the determining unit, specifies the data converting function, according to the combination of the metadata codes for the conversion source and for the conversion destination; and a converting unit that uses the specified data converting function to convert the data of the conversion source to have a property prescribed by metadata for the conversion destination.

Abstract: A composite substrate is a piezoelectric substrate that is transparent to light used for photolithography, and a supporting substrate for supporting the piezoelectric substrate are bonded together via an organic adhesive layer. Where at least one of the supporting substrate and the organic adhesive layer of the composite substrate absorbs light used for photolithography.

Abstract: A data converting apparatus includes a storage unit that stores encoded meta-definition information, a data converting function, a conversion rule table, and a conversion rule; an input unit that receives input of data to be converted; a detecting unit that uses the encoded meta-definition information to detect metadata codes for a conversion source and a conversion destination for which the conversion rule code matches; a determining unit that determines whether the detected metadata codes match; a specifying unit that, by referring to a conversion rule and based on the determination result at the determining unit, specifies the data converting function, according to the combination of the metadata codes for the conversion source and for the conversion destination; and a converting unit that uses the specified data converting function to convert the data of the conversion source to have a property prescribed by metadata for the conversion destination.

Abstract: A data converting apparatus includes a storage unit that stores encoded meta-definition information, a data converting function, a conversion rule table, and a conversion rule; an input unit that receives input of data to be converted; a detecting unit that uses the encoded meta-definition information to detect metadata codes for a conversion source and a conversion destination for which the conversion rule code matches; a determining unit that determines whether the detected metadata codes match; a specifying unit that, by referring to a conversion rule and based on the determination result at the determining unit, specifies the data converting function, according to the combination of the metadata codes for the conversion source and for the conversion destination; and a converting unit that uses the specified data converting function to convert the data of the conversion source to have a property prescribed by metadata for the conversion destination.

Abstract: A supporting substrate and a piezoelectric substrate are prepared. A surface of the supporting substrate is bonded to the backside of the piezoelectric substrate with an organic adhesive layer interposed therebetween to form a laminated substrate. Subsequently, a peripheral surface of the laminated substrate is ground such that a peripheral surface of the piezoelectric substrate, a peripheral surface of the organic adhesive layer, and a peripheral surface of the supporting substrate on the side of the organic adhesive layer are made flush with each other. Subsequently, the surface of the piezoelectric substrate is polished to reduce the thickness of the piezoelectric substrate and performing mirror polishing of the surface.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device has a supporting body, a wavelength conversion substrate, a lower side buffer layer provided on the side of a bottom face of the substrate, a upper side buffer layer provided on the side of a upper face of the substrate, and an adhesive layer adhering the supporting body 8 and the lower side buffer layer. The wavelength conversion substrate is made of a Z-plate of a ferroelectric single crystal and a periodic polarization inversion structure formed therein. The supporting body has a volume resistivity lower than that of the ferroelectric single crystal of the wavelength conversion substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a semipermeable membrane having at least a separating functional layer, wherein azo compounds are retained in the separating functional layer, and the separating functional layer has a yellow index of 10 to 40. Also provided is a method of producing the semipermeable membrane. The present invention provides a semipermeable membrane having not only high water permeability but also high rejection performance even for substances that are nondissociative in the neutral range, such as boric acid, and showing high durability and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: A supporting substrate and a piezoelectric substrate are prepared. A surface of the supporting substrate is bonded to the backside of the piezoelectric substrate with an organic adhesive layer interposed therebetween to form a laminated substrate. Subsequently, a peripheral surface of the laminated substrate is ground such that a peripheral surface of the piezoelectric substrate, a peripheral surface of the organic adhesive layer, and a peripheral surface of the supporting substrate on the side of the organic adhesive layer are made flush with each other. Subsequently, the surface of the piezoelectric substrate is polished to reduce the thickness of the piezoelectric substrate and performing mirror polishing of the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sulfonamide derivative which is useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations. The sulfonamide derivatives of the present invention have CCR3 (CC type chemokine receptor) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with CCR3 activity, in particular for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory/immunological disorders.