Abstract: A process fiber (20) includes a first light transmitter configured to transmit the processing laser beam emitted from a processing laser source (12) of a laser processing system (1); a measuring laser source (14); and a second light transmitter fixed to the first light transmitter along the length of the first light transmitter and configured to transmit the measuring laser beam emitted from the measuring laser source (14). The bending radius of the first light transmitter at a predetermined position is detected based on the measuring laser beam reflected by the second light transmitter.

Abstract: Laser processing head (20) includes collimator lens (23) that converts laser light (70) into a parallel light beam; light-collecting lens (24) that collects laser light (70) converted into the parallel light beam; case (21) that contains collimator lens (23) and light-collecting lens (24); wavelength selection mirror (25) that is provided between collimator lens (23) and light-collecting lens (24) and transmits laser light (70) while reflecting light of a given wavelength different from that of laser light (70); and a transmission window provided at a position where the light of the given wavelength is transmitted and also where laser emission end face (61) of optical fiber (60) can be optically observed through wavelength selection mirror (25).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate having a surface, an undercoat layer disposed on the surface of the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer. A maximum height waviness of a waviness profile of the surface of the conductive substrate on which the undercoat layer is disposed is 1.4 ?m or less, and the undercoat layer contains a binder resin and has a thickness non-uniformity of 0.4 ?m or less.

Abstract: A support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical cut pipe having a cut surface as the outer peripheral surface. The outer peripheral surface has an arithmetic average waviness Wa of 0.15 ?m or less in the axial direction and a peak count PPc of 100 or more and 990 or less in the axial direction.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate; a charging device that charges a surface of the photoreceptor; an exposure device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor by irradiating the surface of the photoreceptor with light, the exposure device including plural light sources arranged in an axial direction of the photoreceptor; a developing device including a developer including a toner which forms a toner image by developing the electrostatic latent image with the developer; and a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a recording medium. A mean width WSm of waviness profiles of an outer periphery of the conductive substrate determined in accordance with JIS B0601 (2001) is smaller than an interval at which the light sources are arranged in the axial direction of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: In a video signal transmitting device, a basic image generation unit extracts, for each of the color signal component, pixels constituting a frame of the color signal component at a uniform interval two-dimensionally and two-dimensionally arranges the extracted pixels in a prescribed arrangement to generate a prescribed number of color signal basic images. A basic stream generation unit extracts, for each of the color signal basic images, pixels of the color signal basic image generated by the basic image generation unit in a prescribed sequence to generate a basic stream. A link signal generation unit synthesizes a prescribed number of basic streams in the same or different color signal components generated by the basic stream generation unit, encodes bit-length units of the synthesized basic streams to a different bit length, and generates a link signal having a prescribed speed.

Abstract: A cylindrical member includes aluminum, and has an average area of crystal particles of an outer circumferential surface which is smaller than an average area of crystal particles of an inner circumferential surface.

Abstract: A conductive support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains aluminum, in which the conductive support has a Young's modulus of from 32,000 MPa to 55,000 MPa.

Abstract: An LED illumination system includes: a load including an LED lamp; and a power supply device, the LED lamp configured to be physically mounted on and demounted from the power supply device, the power supply device comprising: a current feedback control unit; a first voltage comparison unit configured to determine whether the load is in a mounted state; a voltage feedback control unit configured to decrease the voltage of the power supply device to a safe voltage when demounting, and to increase the voltage of the power supply device to perform the constant current control when mounting; and a semiconductor switch element connected in series between the load and the detection resistor, wherein the mounted and demounted states of the load is detected by a voltage of a main electrode of a high potential side of the semiconductor switch element.

Abstract: In a video signal transmitting device, a basic image generation unit extracts, for each of the color signal component, pixels constituting a frame of the color signal component at a uniform interval two-dimensionally and two-dimensionally arranges the extracted pixels in a prescribed arrangement to generate a prescribed number of color signal basic images. A basic stream generation unit extracts, for each of the color signal basic images, pixels of the color signal basic image generated by the basic image generation unit in a prescribed sequence to generate a basic stream. A link signal generation unit synthesizes a prescribed number of basic streams in the same or different color signal components generated by the basic stream generation unit, encodes bit-length units of the synthesized basic streams to a different bit length, and generates a link signal having a prescribed speed.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an image unit that forms an image using a white toner and a color toner and a fixing unit that fixes the image to a medium with heat. The toner mass per unit area of the white toner ? (g/m2) in an image of the color toner superimposed on the white toner formed on paper used as the medium satisfies: 0.03+1.31×Rw?0.47×Rc+0.02×Gw?0.07×Gc???0.05+1.06×Rw+0.42×Rc?0.02×Gw+0.05×Gc where Rw is the average particle diameter (?m) of the white toner, Rc is the average particle diameter (?m) of the color toner, Gw is the storage modulus (kPa) of the white toner at 120° C., and Gc is the storage modulus (kPa) of the color toner at 120° C.

Abstract: A two-component developer includes toner and a magnetic carrier. The two-component developer is used in a developing device including a circular cylindrical developer transporting member that is disposed so as to be separated by 125 ?m to 250 ?m from a latent image carrier that rotates. The two-component developer is used so as to satisfy a condition in which a width of a region where a magnetic brush contacts a surface of the latent image carrier is in a range of from 1.0 mm to 2.25 mm, and a condition in which a developer density of the region where the magnetic brush contacts the surface of the latent image carrier is in a range of from 0.75×10?6 to 1.50×10?6 g/m3.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an image unit that forms an image using a white toner and a color toner and a fixing unit that fixes the image to a medium with heat. The toner mass per unit area of the white toner ? (g/m2) in an image of the color toner superimposed on the white toner formed on paper used as the medium satisfies: 0.03+1.31×Rw?0.47×Rc+0.02×Gw?0.07×Gc???0.05+1.06×Rw+0.42×Rc?0.02×Gw+0.05×Gc where Rw is the average particle diameter (?m) of the white toner, Rc is the average particle diameter (?m) of the color toner, Gw is the storage modulus (kPa) of the white toner at 120° C., and Gc is the storage modulus (kPa) of the color toner at 120° C.

Abstract: The gas laser oscillator apparatus of the present invention has laser gas sealed in a vacuum chamber under a decompressed condition lower than atmospheric pressure; a discharge means for exciting the laser gas; a blower means for blowing the laser gas; a laser-gas flow passage as a circulation passage of the laser gas between the discharge means and the blower means; and a gas compression means for discharging a predetermined amount of the laser gas from the laser-gas flow passage. The gas decompression means is structured on the application of Bernoulli's principle. The gas decompression means has a sequence for decreasing the ratio of air mixed into the laser gas below a predetermined level with use of a part of pressurized gas used in a laser processing machine or the gas laser oscillator apparatus.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; and a single-layer photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and includes a binder resin, at least one kind of charge generation material selected from hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigments and chlorogallium phthalocyanine pigments, a hole transport material represented by Formula (1), and an electron transport material represented by Formula (2):

Abstract: A developing device includes first and second developing rollers, a trimmer, a divider, and a movement regulator. The first and second developing rollers are arranged so as to face an outer peripheral surface of a photoconductor at downstream and upstream positions, respectively, in a rotation direction of the photoconductor, and respectively include first and second sleeves and first and second magnets. The trimmer is arranged so as to face an outer peripheral surface of the first developing roller, and regulates formation of a layer of developer held by the first developing roller. The divider divides the developer regulated by the trimmer into developer that adheres to the first developing roller and developer that adheres to the second developing roller. The movement regulator is disposed between the trimmer and the divider and regulates movement of the developer held by the first developing roller before the developer is divided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor body containing a cylindrical electroconductive substrate having openings at both ends in an axial direction, the cylindrical electroconductive substrate having a thickness of approximately 2 mm or more at a center portion in an axial direction and having a socket joint portion on each of inner surfaces of both end portions in an axial direction; and a photosensitive layer provided on an outer surface of the electroconductive substrate; and a support member fit in the openings of the electroconductive substrate, having an fitting portion which has an outer diameter that is larger than a diameter of the opening by a range of from approximately 0.01 mm to approximately 0.1 mm, the fitting portion being press-fit into the opening.

Abstract: The gas laser oscillator apparatus of the present invention has laser gas sealed in a vacuum chamber under a decompressed condition lower than atmospheric pressure; a discharge means for exciting the laser gas; a blower means for blowing the laser gas; a laser-gas flow passage as a circulation passage of the laser gas between the discharge means and the blower means; and a gas compression means for discharging a predetermined amount of the laser gas from the laser-gas flow passage. The gas decompression means is structured on the application of Bernoulli's principle. The gas decompression means has a sequence for decreasing the ratio of air mixed into the laser gas below a predetermined level with use of a part of pressurized gas used in a laser processing machine or the gas laser oscillator apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate; an intermediate layer; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer including two or more charge transporting materials each including a reactive substituent and respectively having mutually different ionization potentials, in an amount of 90% by weight or more relative to the total solid content of the surface layer, and the content ratio X of each of the two or more charge transporting materials satisfying the following Formula (1).

Abstract: A two-component developer includes toner and a magnetic carrier. The two-component developer is used in a developing device including a circular cylindrical developer transporting member that is disposed so as to be separated by 125 ?m to 250 ?m from a latent image carrier that rotates. The two-component developer is used so as to satisfy a condition in which a width of a region where a magnetic brush contacts a surface of the latent image carrier is in a range of from 1.0 mm to 2.25 mm, and a condition in which a developer density of the region where the magnetic brush contacts the surface of the latent image carrier is in a range of from 0.75×10?6 to 1.50×10?6 g/m3.