Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical conductive substrate that is formed of a metal or an alloy and has an average area of crystal grains of 100 ?m2 or greater; and a photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate.

Abstract: A cylindrical member includes aluminum, and has an average area of crystal particles of an outer circumferential surface which is smaller than an average area of crystal particles of an inner circumferential surface.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate having a centerline average roughness (Ra) of from 1.0 ?m to 1.7 ?m and a maximum height (Rmax) of from 3.0 ?m to 4.0 ?m as a surface roughness; and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which the outermost surface layer contains fluorine-containing particles.

Abstract: A conductive support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains aluminum, in which the conductive support has a Young's modulus of from 32,000 MPa to 55,000 MPa.

Abstract: An LED illumination system includes: a load including an LED lamp; and a power supply device, the LED lamp configured to be physically mounted on and demounted from the power supply device, the power supply device comprising: a current feedback control unit; a first voltage comparison unit configured to determine whether the load is in a mounted state; a voltage feedback control unit configured to decrease the voltage of the power supply device to a safe voltage when demounting, and to increase the voltage of the power supply device to perform the constant current control when mounting; and a semiconductor switch element connected in series between the load and the detection resistor, wherein the mounted and demounted states of the load is detected by a voltage of a main electrode of a high potential side of the semiconductor switch element.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; a single-layer photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and includes a binder resin, a charge generation material, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material, wherein a half decay exposure during positive charging is less than or equal to 0.18 ?J/cm2, and a half decay exposure during negative charging is 2 to 12 times the half decay exposure during positive charging.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; and a single-layer photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and includes a binder resin, at least one kind of charge generation material selected from hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigments and chlorogallium phthalocyanine pigments, a hole transport material represented by Formula (1), and an electron transport material represented by Formula (2):

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus including electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charging unit, an electrostatic latent image forming unit, a developing unit, and a residual toner removing unit, the surface protective layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor having a surface free energy of about 10 mN/m to about 30 mN/m, the toner in the developing unit includes silica, and the residual toner removing unit including a blade member including a base layer and an edge layer having a type A durometer hardness of from about HsA 75 to about HsA 90 at 23° C., the hardness of the edge layer being higher than the hardness of the base layer.

Abstract: A wiring harness subunit is routed on an interior panel to be attached to a ceiling wall inside a vehicle. The wiring harness subunit includes: a wiring harness having a tip end part extended through the outer edge of the interior panel, and a base end part continued to the tip end part and attached to the interior panel; a first attaching member for fixing an end of the base end part to the interior panel so as to allow the tip end part to be moved to absorb a slack; and a second attaching member for fixing the other end of the base end part to the interior panel. An extra length part having a predetermined length is interposed between the first attaching member and the second attaching member of the base end part.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor body containing a cylindrical electroconductive substrate having openings at both ends in an axial direction, the cylindrical electroconductive substrate having a thickness of approximately 2 mm or more at a center portion in an axial direction and having a socket joint portion on each of inner surfaces of both end portions in an axial direction; and a photosensitive layer provided on an outer surface of the electroconductive substrate; and a support member fit in the openings of the electroconductive substrate, having an fitting portion which has an outer diameter that is larger than a diameter of the opening by a range of from approximately 0.01 mm to approximately 0.1 mm, the fitting portion being press-fit into the opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic latent image developer used in an image forming apparatus including: an image holding member; a charging unit; a latent image forming unit; a developing unit which stores the electrostatic latent image developer and includes a developer holding member, wherein the developing unit develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image holding member by bringing a magnetic brush, which is formed on a surface of the developer holding member by the electrostatic latent image developer, into contact with the image holding member, to form a toner image; a transfer unit; a cleaning unit; and a lubricant applying unit, wherein the electrostatic latent image developer contains a toner having a 50% integrated volume particle diameter of from 3.0 to 6.0 ?m, and a carrier having a mean magnetization of 5.0×10?16 to 4.0×10?15 AM2/particle in an applied magnetic field of 1 kilo-oersted.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning blade that contacts an image carrier and cleans residual toner remaining on the image carrier; a toner pool forming member that is disposed on an upstream side of the cleaning blade in a rotational direction of the image carrier, collects the residual toner that has been cleaned, and forms a toner pool that contacts the cleaning blade and the image carrier; and a toner amount adjusting component that makes the pressure of the residual toner that acts on the image carrier substantially uniform across an axis-of-rotation direction of the image carrier by adjusting the amount of the residual toner in the toner pool in the axis-of-rotation direction of the image carrier.

Abstract: There is provided a wire harness wiring unit provided to a base plate and a wire harness wiring assembly having the same which can regulate a direction of a curve of a wire harness. The wire harness wiring unit includes the wire harness having a distal and a proximal end portions, a first mounting member mounting one end of the proximal end portion to the base plate such that the distal end portion can move in a direction of adjusting a length of the distal end portion, a rod-like harness support parallely-fixed to the proximal end portion from the other end to a middle portion of the proximal end portion, and a second mounting member mounting, to the base plate, a portion of the harness support adjacent to the other end of the proximal end portion such that the harness support can move along the base plate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive support and a photosensitive layer including an outermost surface layer capable of transporting a charge, the layer being farthest from the conductive support and containing a resin having a crosslinking structure; a charging unit that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a first exposure unit that exposes the electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor charged; a developing unit that develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image; a transfer unit that transfer the toner image from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a medium to be transferred; and a second exposure unit that uniformly expose the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the outermost surface layer absorbing exposure light of the second exposure unit and having a maximum absorbance of about 0.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate; an intermediate layer; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer including two or more charge transporting materials each including a reactive substituent and respectively having mutually different ionization potentials, in an amount of 90% by weight or more relative to the total solid content of the surface layer, and the content ratio X of each of the two or more charge transporting materials satisfying the following Formula (1).

Abstract: A wiring harness subunit is routed on an interior panel to be attached to a ceiling wall inside a vehicle. The wiring harness subunit includes: a wiring harness having a tip end part extended through the outer edge of the interior panel, and a base end part continued to the tip end part and attached to the interior panel; a first attaching member for fixing an end of the base end part to the interior panel so as to allow the tip end part to be moved to absorb a slack; and a second attaching member for fixing the other end of the base end part to the interior panel. An extra length part having a predetermined length is interposed between the first attaching member and the second attaching member of the base end part.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus including electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charging unit, an electrostatic latent image forming unit, a developing unit, and a residual toner removing unit, the surface protective layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor having a surface free energy of about 10 mN/m to about 30 mN/m, the toner in the developing unit includes silica, and the residual toner removing unit including a blade member including a base layer and an edge layer having a type A durometer hardness of from about HsA 75 to about HsA 90 at 23° C., the hardness of the edge layer baing higher than the hardness of the base layer.

Abstract: There is provided a cleaning apparatus having a cleaning member that makes contact with a surface of an image holder and vibrates due to friction arising when the surface of the image holder moves, the image holder bearing an electrostatic latent image developed using a developer having toner containing a crystalline resin, and a cleaning member support unit that supports the cleaning member and increases the amplitude of the vibration of the cleaning member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier that rotates in a predetermined direction so as to carry a toner image, a charging member that charges the image carrier by a discharge operation, a toner holding member that is disposed to be in contact with the image carrier so as to hold toner in a portion being in contact with the image carrier and that removes a discharge product generated on the image carrier, and a holding amount adjusting unit that adjusts a toner holding amount of the toner holding member. The holding amount adjusting unit includes an estimation unit that estimates a current toner holding amount of the toner holding member, and a correction unit that corrects the toner holding amount of the toner holding member on a basis of an estimation result obtained from the estimation unit.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning blade that contacts an image carrier and cleans residual toner remaining on the image carrier; a toner pool forming member that is disposed on an upstream side of the cleaning blade in a rotational direction of the image carrier, collects the residual toner that has been cleaned, and forms a toner pool that contacts the cleaning blade and the image carrier; and a toner amount adjusting component that makes the pressure of the residual toner that acts on the image carrier substantially uniform across an axis-of-rotation direction of the image carrier by adjusting the amount of the residual toner in the toner pool in the axis-of-rotation direction of the image carrier.