Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery including an electrolyte solution that contains a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, wherein a basis weight of a positive-electrode active material layer included in the positive electrode is 8 to 100 mg/cm2, and/or, a basis weight of a negative-electrode active material layer included in the negative electrode is 3 to 46 mg/cm2, and wherein the electrolyte solution has an ion conductivity at 25° C. of 15 mS/cm or more.

Abstract: The non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising acetonitrile and a lithium salt, wherein the anion of the lithium salt has a LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy in the range of ?2.00 to 4.35 eV, and a HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy in the range of ?5.35 to ?2.90 eV.

Abstract: An electric power supply system for supplying a load device with driving electric power includes an electric power storage device and an ECU. The electric power storage device includes a CID configured to interrupt an electrical conduction path of the electric power storage device in response to the electric power storage device having an internal pressure exceeding a rated value. The controller calculates a voltage variation length corresponding to an integral of an amount by which a voltage applied to the load device varies in magnitude and a current variation length corresponding to an integral of an amount by which a current input/output to/from the electric power storage device varies in magnitude for each sampling period for a predetermined period of time. Then, the ECU determines whether or not the CID has been operated, based on the voltage variation length and the current variation length.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery including an electrolyte solution that contains a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, wherein a basis weight of a positive-electrode active material layer included in the positive electrode is 8 to 100 mg/cm2, and/or, a basis weight of a negative-electrode active material layer included in the negative electrode is 3 to 46 mg/cm2, and wherein the electrolyte solution has an ion conductivity at 25° C. of 15 mS/cm or more.

Abstract: An electric power supply system for supplying a load device with driving electric power includes an electric power storage device and an ECU. The electric power storage device includes a CID configured to interrupt an electrical conduction path of the electric power storage device in response to the electric power storage device having an internal pressure exceeding a rated value. The controller calculates a voltage variation length corresponding to an integral of an amount by which a voltage applied to the load device varies in magnitude and a current variation length corresponding to an integral of an amount by which a current input/output to/from the electric power storage device varies in magnitude for each sampling period for a predetermined period of time. Then, the ECU determines whether or not the CID has been operated, based on the voltage variation length and the current variation length.

Abstract: The non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising acetonitrile and a lithium salt, wherein the anion of the lithium salt has a LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy in the range of ?2.00 to 4.35 eV, and a HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy in the range of ?5.35 to ?2.90 eV.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte-containing solution is obtained by preparing a first solution, preparing a second solution and mixing the first and second solutions. The first solution is prepared by dissolving a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) having an ion-exchange capacity of 0.5 to 3.0 meq/g in a protic solvent. The second solution is prepared separate from the first solution, by dissolving a polyazole-based compound (component B) and an alkali metal hydroxide in a protic solvent. The first and second solutions are mixed to prepare a polymer electrolyte-containing solution in which a weight ratio of the component A to component B, (A/B) , is from 2:3 to 199 and a total weight of the component A and the component B is from 0.5 to 30% by weight on the basis of the solution including the protic solvent. The protic solvent is an aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: A check valve assembly includes a valve housing upstream of an endoscope. A tubular discharge nozzle unit is mounted in the valve housing, and supplied with fluid by a fluid supply source. The discharge nozzle unit includes a large diameter portion, a small diameter portion, formed on the large diameter portion on a distal side, and having a closed distal end nearer to the endoscope, and a fluid opening formed through a wall of the small diameter portion. An elastic tubular portion (sleeve) is contained in the valve housing, disposed around the small and large diameter portions, shaped tubularly with a substantially regular thickness, having an inner diameter which is smaller than an outer diameter of the small diameter portion in a normal state, for preventing the fluid from backflow into the fluid opening through the outer surface on a side downstream of the discharge nozzle unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel production process by which unstable terminal groups can be sufficiently stabilized under mild conditions. The present invention is related to a method for producing an —SO3H group-containing fluoropolymer wherein a fluoropolymer to be treated having a —SO2X group-containing monomer unit (X representing F or Cl) is subjected to a procedure comprising at least the steps A, B and C defined below in that order: A: Step of reacting with a halogenating agent; B: Step of reacting with a decomposition treatment agent; C: Step of reacting with a fluorinating agent.

Abstract: An object is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte membrane for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has high durability, as well as a membrane electrode assembly and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, each containing the same. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane is produced using polymer electrolyte-containing solution preparation step of dissolving a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) having an ion-exchange capacity of 0.5 to 3.0 meq/g, a polyazole-based compound (component B) and an alkali metal hydroxide in a protic solvent to prepare a polymer electrolyte-containing solution in which a weight ratio of the component A to component B, (A/B), is from 2.3 to 199 and a total weight of the component A and the component B is from 0.5 to 30% by weight. In a membrane formation step, a membrane is formed from the polymer electrolyte-containing solution.

Abstract: A driving system, vehicle, and control method in which a difference between the detection value of an intake air pressure sensor and an atmospheric pressure sensor is computed as a detection value difference in the engine stop condition. An estimate of a potential for an abnormality of the detection value difference is determined, or the abnormality of the detection value difference is determined according to the duration time of an unusual state having the detection value difference of greater than a preset reference value. In an ignition-on state, when a delayed activation is requested, it is identified whether the abnormality in the detection value difference is to be determined. The delayed activation is requested in response to confirmation of a potential abnormality condition where there is a potential for an abnormality in the detection value difference but the abnormality in the detection value difference is not determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel production process by which unstable terminal groups can be sufficiently stabilized under mild conditions. The present invention is related to a method for producing an —SO3H group-containing fluoropolymer wherein a fluoropolymer to be treated having a —SO2X group-containing monomer unit (X representing F or Cl) is subjected to a procedure comprising at least the steps A, B and C defined below in that order: A: Step of reacting with a halogenating agent; B: Step of reacting with a decomposition treatment agent; C: Step of reacting with a fluorinating agent.

Abstract: In a vehicle control system, an opportunity for detecting abnormalities in an atmospheric pressure sensor using an intake pressure sensor of the engine is appropriately provided. A vehicle control system 10 includes an engine 12, rotating electric machines 14 and 16, a power supply circuit 18, an intake pressure sensor 20, an atmospheric pressure sensor 22, an IG-ON/OFF switch 70, and a control device 48.

Abstract: An object is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte membrane for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has high durability, as well as a membrane electrode assembly and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, each containing the same. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane is produced using polymer electrolyte-containing solution preparation step of dissolving a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) having an ion-exchange capacity of 0.5 to 3.0 meq/g, a polyazole-based compound (component B) and an alkali metal hydroxide in a protic solvent to prepare a polymer electrolyte-containing solution in which a weight ratio of the component A to component B, (A/B), is from 2.3 to 199 and a total weight of the component A and the component B is from 0.5 to 30% by weight. In a membrane formation step, a membrane is formed from the polymer electrolyte-containing solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel production process by which unstable terminal groups can be sufficiently stabilized under mild conditions. The present invention is related to a method for producing an —SO3H group-containing fluoropolymer wherein a fluoropolymer to be treated having a —SO2X group-containing monomer unit (X representing F or Cl) is subjected to a procedure comprising at least the steps A, B and C defined below in that order: A: Step of reacting with a halogenating agent; B: Step of reacting with a decomposition treatment agent; C: Step of reacting with a fluorinating agent.

Abstract: In a vehicle control system, an opportunity for detecting abnormalities in an atmospheric pressure sensor using an intake pressure sensor of the engine is appropriately provided. A vehicle control system 10 includes an engine 12, rotating electric machines 14 and 16, a power supply circuit 18, an intake pressure sensor 20, an atmospheric pressure sensor 22, an IG-ON/OFF switch 70, and a control device 48.

Abstract: In an ignition-on state, when a delayed activation request flag F3 is equal to 1 (step S330), the processing flow identifies whether an abnormality in a detection value difference ?P is to be determined (steps S350, S360, and S390) and performs a series of activation operations of a driving system (step S420). The detection value difference ?P is an absolute value of a difference between the detection value (atmospheric pressure Pa) of an atmospheric pressure sensor and the detection value (intake air pressure Pin) of an intake air pressure sensor. The delayed activation request flag F3 is set to 1 in response to confirmation of a potential abnormality condition where there is a potential for an abnormality in the detection value difference ?P but the abnormality in the detection value difference ?P is not determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel production process by which unstable terminal groups can be sufficiently stabilized under mild conditions. The present invention is related to a method for producing an —SO3H group-containing fluoropolymer wherein a fluoropolymer to be treated having a —SO2X group-containing monomer unit (X representing F or Cl) is subjected to a procedure comprising at least the steps A, B and C defined below in that order: A: Step of reacting with a halogenating agent; B: Step of reacting with a decomposition treatment agent; C: Step of reacting with a fluorinating agent.

Abstract: A superacidic ester group is useful in the production of ionomers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. A polymer is produced from said vinyl monomer. A process produces a polymer containing a superacidic group. The vinyl monomer contains a haloalkyl ester group of a superacid, wherein the number of carbon atoms of the haloalkyl ester group is no more than 10, and the halogen in the haloalkyl group is chlorine and/or fluorine. A polymer containing said vinyl monomer as a repeating unit can be converted to a polymer containing a superacid group using at least one procedure of 1) heat treating at 50°C. to 350°C., and 2) contacting with a protic compound.

Abstract: A perfluorovinyl ether monomer represented by the following formula (1): wherein: m is an integer of from 0 to 5; n is an integer of from 1 to 5; and each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-C10 hydrocarbon group, or a substituted silyl group, with the proviso that, when each of the R1 and R2 is independently the hydrocarbon group or the substituted silyl group, R1 and R2 are optionally bonded together, thereby forming a ring.