Abstract: An excimer laser apparatus includes a gas supply unit, connected to a first receptacle that holds a first laser gas containing halogen gas and a second receptacle that holds a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas, that supplies the first laser gas and the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber. Gas pressure control in which the gas supply unit supplies the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber or a gas exhaust unit partially exhausts gas from within the laser chamber, and partial gas replacement control in which the gas supply unit supplies the first laser gas and the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber and the gas exhaust unit partially exhausts gas from within the laser chamber sequentially, may be selectively performed.

Abstract: A porous ceramic for which any decrease in water permeability can be suppressed over a long period of time. A porous ceramic is composed of a porous ceramic sintered body produced by molding and sintering a mixture containing a clay, wherein a surface portion of the porous ceramic sintered body has been removed by grinding. The mixture preferably contains a foaming agent.

Abstract: To solve problems of perlite, zeolite and vermiculite which have been conventionally used as soil improving materials, and to provide a soil improving material which has excellent water retaining properties and is well-drained to retain air in a soil to thus make a soil suitable for plant growth, and a culture soil containing the soil improving material. The soil improving material of the invention includes porous ceramic particles having a moisture content of 5 vol % or greater at a pF value of not more than 2.7. The particles preferably have a water retaining ratio of 15% or greater. The particles preferably have a saturated hydraulic conductivity of 0.1 cm/s or greater.

Abstract: An excimer laser apparatus includes a gas supply unit, connected to a first receptacle that holds a first laser gas containing halogen gas and a second receptacle that holds a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas, that supplies the first laser gas and the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber. Gas pressure control in which the gas supply unit supplies the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber or a gas exhaust unit partially exhausts gas from within the laser chamber, and partial gas replacement control in which the gas supply unit supplies the first laser gas and the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber and the gas exhaust unit partially exhausts gas from within the laser chamber sequentially, may be selectively performed.

Abstract: An excimer laser apparatus includes a gas supply unit, connected to a first receptacle that holds a first laser gas containing halogen gas and a second receptacle that holds a second laser gas having a lower halogen gas concentration than the first laser gas, that supplies the first laser gas and the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber. Gas pressure control in which the gas supply unit supplies the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber or a gas exhaust unit partially exhausts gas from within the laser chamber, and partial gas replacement control in which the gas supply unit supplies the first laser gas and the second laser gas to the interior of the laser chamber and the gas exhaust unit partially exhausts gas from within the laser chamber sequentially, may be selectively performed.

Abstract: A porous ceramic for which any decrease in water permeability can be suppressed over a long period of time. A porous ceramic is composed of a porous ceramic sintered body produced by molding and sintering a mixture containing a clay, wherein a surface portion of the porous ceramic sintered body has been removed by grinding. The mixture preferably contains a foaming agent.

Abstract: The present application discloses detection lens provided with lens portion and flange portion including first surface connected to lens portion and second surface opposite to first surface. Flange portion includes base along optical axis of lens portion, and first to fourth projections projecting from base. First and second projections are point-symmetric around optical axis. Third and fourth projections are point-symmetric around optical axis. Flange portion excludes projection extending beyond second surface. First projection includes first intersecting surface which intersects with first axis. Second projection includes second intersecting surface which intersects with first axis. Third projection includes third intersecting surface which intersects with second axis. Fourth projection includes fourth intersecting surface which intersects with second axis. First distance between first and second intersecting surfaces is longer than second distance between third and fourth intersecting surfaces.

Abstract: The present application discloses detection lens provided with lens portion and flange portion including first surface connected to lens portion and second surface opposite to first surface. Flange portion includes base along optical axis of lens portion, and first to fourth projections projecting from base. First and second projections are point-symmetric around optical axis. Third and fourth projections are point-symmetric around optical axis. Flange portion excludes projection extending beyond second surface. First projection includes first intersecting surface which intersects with first axis. Second projection includes second intersecting surface which intersects with first axis. Third projection includes third intersecting surface which intersects with second axis. Fourth projection includes fourth intersecting surface which intersects with second axis. First distance between first and second intersecting surfaces is longer than second distance between third and fourth intersecting surfaces.

Abstract: An optical pickup includes a lens holder; an objective lens provided on the lens holder and having an effective region for collecting light from a light source and an edge located outer to the effective region; and a lens protector provided on the lens holder. The lens protector protrudes toward an optical disc more than the objective lens. The edge of the objective lens includes a convexed portion protruding toward the optical disc. An apex of the effective region of the objective lens protrudes toward the optical disc more than the convexed portion of the edge. A straight line connecting a part of the edge of the objective lens and a part of the lens protector is closer to the optical disc than the apex of the effective region of the objective lens.

Abstract: In an electronic device including a temperature sensor and an electronic component which is a heat generation source, the temperature is measured while the influence of heat from the electronic component is reduced. The electronic device includes: a base formed of a resin material; a board which is disposed at one side of the base, and includes an electronic component and a temperature sensor; and a heat sink which is disposed at the other side of the base for dissipating heat generated by the electronic component. The heat sink includes an extension part extending from the other side of the base toward a position of the board at which the electronic component is provided.

Abstract: A laser apparatus comprises an amplifier including at least one of a MOPA and a MOPO each of which amplifies a single-longitudinal or multiple-longitudinal mode laser light, an amplifiable agent of the amplifier being a molecular gas, a master oscillator constructed from a semiconductor laser being able to oscillate a single-longitudinal or multiple-longitudinal mode laser light of which wavelength is within one or more amplification lines of the amplifier; and a controller executing a wave shape control adjusting a pulse shape and/or a pulse output timing of a single-longitudinal or multiple-longitudinal mode laser light outputted from the master oscillator.

Abstract: An optical pickup includes a lens holder; an objective lens provided on the lens holder and having an effective region for collecting light from a light source and an edge located outer to the effective region; and a lens protector provided on the lens holder. The lens protector protrudes toward an optical disc more than the objective lens. The edge of the objective lens includes a convexed portion protruding toward the optical disc. An apex of the effective region of the objective lens protrudes toward the optical disc more than the convexed portion of the edge. A straight line connecting a part of the edge of the objective lens and a part of the lens protector is closer to the optical disc than the apex of the effective region of the objective lens.

Abstract: In an electronic device including a temperature sensor and an electronic component which is a heat generation source, the temperature is measured while the influence of heat from the electronic component is reduced. The electronic device includes: a base formed of a resin material; a board which is disposed at one side of the base, and includes an electronic component and a temperature sensor; and a heat sink which is disposed at the other side of the base for dissipating heat generated by the electronic component. The heat sink includes an extension part extending from the other side of the base toward a position of the board at which the electronic component is provided.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a base, a light-emitting module, and a shielding case. The light-emitting module is fixed to the base via a curved flexible printed-circuit. The shielding case fixed to the base in such a manner that the light-emitting module is held in a position to resist a restoring force of the flexible printed-circuit which is generated by the curve of the flexible printed-circuit. The light-emitting module includes a heat source, and the shielding case includes a projection. The projection controls movement of the light-emitting module in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the light-emitting module is held by the shielding case. The projection and the light-emitting module are bonded to each other with silicone.

Abstract: A laser apparatus comprises an amplifier including at least one of a MOPA and a MOPO each of which amplifies a single-longitudinal or multiple-longitudinal mode laser light, an amplifiable agent of the amplifier being a molecular gas, a master oscillator constructed from a semiconductor laser being able to oscillate a single-longitudinal or multiple-longitudinal mode laser light of which wavelength is within one or more amplification lines of the amplifier; and a controller executing a wave shape control adjusting a pulse shape and/or a pulse output timing of a single-longitudinal or multiple-longitudinal mode laser light outputted from the master oscillator.

Abstract: One form of evaluation apparatus comprising a plurality of light sources vertically arranged by one side of a carrier line in width direction Y perpendicular to carrying direction X of the carrier line; and a light-receiving section arranged by an opposite side of the carrier line in the width direction Y perpendicular to the carrying direction X of the carrier line.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser; a light flux separation element that separates a light flux emitted from the semiconductor laser for a first light flux and a second light flux to come out therefrom; an objective lens on which the first light flux coming out from the light flux separation element is incident to be collected on a optical information recording medium; a light-receiving element on which the second light flux coming out from the light flux separation element is incident; an arithmetic circuit that adjusts a quantity of light emitted from the light source in response to a quantity of light incident on the light-receiving element, are provided. A light exiting-surface of the light flux separation element from which the second light flux comes out is laminated to a light incident-surface of the light-receiving element on which the second light flux is incident via an adhesive layer.

Abstract: A laser device capable of efficiently oscillating laser light and always obtaining a stable beam form is provided. For this purpose, in the laser device including an amplifying section (18) in which a laser medium is amplified to oscillate laser light (11), and an optical element for separating part of the laser light (11) oscillated, and shaping a beam form of the laser light (11) into a desired form to output the same, wherein the optical element has at least either one of a partial reflecting portion (26) for partially reflecting the laser light (11) or a non-reflective portion (28) for transmitting the laser light (11) at high transmissivity, each of which is provided on approximately a center portion, and a total reflecting portion (27) which is provided outside a perimeter of the partial reflecting portion (26) or the non-reflective portion (28), and which reflects the laser light (11) at high reflectivity.

Abstract: One form of evaluation apparatus comprising a plurality of light sources vertically arranged by one side of a carrier line in width direction Y perpendicular to carrying direction X of the carrier line; and a light-receiving section arranged by an opposite side of the carrier line in the width direction Y perpendicular to the carrying direction X of the carrier line.

Abstract: One form of evaluation apparatus comprising a plurality of light sources vertically arranged by one side of a carrier line in width direction Y perpendicular to carrying direction X of the carrier line; and a light-receiving section arranged by an opposite side of the carrier line in the width direction Y perpendicular to the carrying direction X of the carrier line.