Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged so as to face each other, a liquid crystal layer that is pinched between the first substrate and the second substrate, one pair of polarizers that are arranged on both outer sides of the first substrate and the second substrate, a first optical element having a polarization separation function that is disposed in at least one spot of the first substrate, and a display area that contributes to display. The first optical element is arranged outside the display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a display area having a plurality of pixels arranged therein, and a retardation film. Each pixel includes a transmissive display area and a reflective display area. The retardation film is provided on one of the pair of substrates in a band-shape so as to continue across the reflective display areas of the plurality of pixels. An end portion of the band-shaped retardation film is positioned outside the display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including: a first partition wall which is disposed on the first substrate at the second substrate side, is adjacent to the liquid crystal at one wall surface, is adjacent to the seal material at the other wall surface, and is disposed along the outer circumference of the display region; a second partition wall which is disposed on the first substrate at the second substrate side, has a wall surface facing the wall surface of the first partition wall adjacent to the seal material, and is disposed along the outer circumference of the first partition wall; and a connection portion which is disposed on the first substrate at the second substrate side with a height lower than that of the first partition wall and the second partition wall, and is disposed so as to connect the wall surface of the first partition wall adjacent to the seal material and the wall surface of the second partition wall facing the wall surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged so as to face each other, a liquid crystal layer that is pinched between the first substrate and the second substrate, one pair of polarizers that are arranged on both outer sides of the first substrate and the second substrate, a first optical element having a polarization separation function that is disposed in at least one spot of the first substrate, and a display area that contributes to display. The first optical element is arranged outside the display area.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal device in which a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other are adhered by a seal material, and liquid crystal is sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate in a region surrounded by the seal material so as to configure a display region in the region, the liquid crystal device including: a first partition wall which is disposed on the first substrate at the second substrate side, is adjacent to the liquid crystal at one wall surface, is adjacent to the seal material at the other wall surface, and is disposed along the outer circumference of the display region; a second partition wall which is disposed on the first substrate at the second substrate side, has a wall surface facing the wall surface of the first partition wall adjacent to the seal material, and is disposed along the outer circumference of the first partition wall; and a connection portion which is disposed on the first substrate at the second substrate side with a height lower than

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: When a backlight 15 is turned on in a dark environment, white light emerging from the surface of a light guide plate 15b passes through a polarizer 12 and a retardation film 14, enters the interior of the liquid crystal cell, passes through openings of reflective electrodes 7, and is introduced into a liquid crystal layer 3. The light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 passes through a color filter 5, emerges from the liquid crystal cell, and passes through the retardation film 13 and the polarizer 11 towards the exterior. In a lighted environment, the light incident on the polarizer 11 passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 7, and passes through the polarizer 11 again and is emitted towards the exterior.

Abstract: Ambient light incident upon a polarizer 105 passes through a liquid crystal layer 103 and is then reflected by reflective films 116 via transparent electrodes 115. The reflected light passes again through the liquid crystal layer 103 and the polarizer 105 and is output to the outside thereby displaying an image in a reflective displaying mode. The reflective films 116 are disposed at locations corresponding to the respective transparent electrodes 115 such that they are spaced from each other. In this structure, some ambient light passes through the spaces between adjacent transparent electrodes 115, however, such light is not reflected by the reflective films 116 toward the outside and thus a reduction in contrast due to such reflection is prevented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; a display area having a plurality of pixels arranged therein, the pixels each including a transmissive display area and a reflective display area; and a retardation film provided on one of the pair of substrates in a band-shape so as to continue across the reflective display areas of the plurality of pixels, wherein an end portion of the band-shaped retardation film is positioned outside the display area.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: To simplify a manufacturing process of a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device by using a non-linear resistance element such as a TFD (Thin Film Diode) as a switching element. In a liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with liquid crystal interposed therebetween, one of the substrates consists of an electrode substrate. On the electrode substrate, there are provided a first group of electrodes, a second group of electrodes crossing the first group of electrodes with an insulating layer interposed therebetween, non-linear resistance elements, one end of each of the non-linear resistance elements being connected to the respective one of the second group of electrodes, and pixel electrodes opposing the first group of electrodes, each pixel electrode being connected to the other end of each of the non-linear resistance elements.

Abstract: In a dark environment, light emitted by a fluorescent tube 301 enters a liquid crystal panel by a light guide plate 302, is transmitted through a transflective electrode 102 after passing through a polarizer 114 and a retardation plate 113, and is introduced into a liquid crystal layer 50 following coloration of light by a color filter 104. The light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 50 is emitted at an observation side of the liquid crystal panel through the retardation plate 213 and the polarizer 214 sequentially. On the other hand, in a bright environment, light from the observation side passes through the polarizer 214 and the liquid crystal layer 50, and is reflected at the transflective electrode 102 following coloration of light by the color filter 104, whereby the light is emitted at the observation side.

Abstract: When a backlight 15 is turned on in a dark environment, white light emerging from the surface of a light guide plate 15b passes through a polarizer 12 and a retardation film 14, enters the interior of the liquid crystal cell, passes through openings of reflective electrodes 7, and is introduced into a liquid crystal layer 3. The light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 passes through a color filter 5, emerges from the liquid crystal cell, and passes through the retardation film 13 and the polarizer 11 towards the exterior. In a lighted environment, the light incident on the polarizer 11 passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 7, and passes through the polarizer 11 again and is emitted towards the exterior.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: When a backlight 15 is turned on in a dark environment, white light emerging from the surface of a light guide plate 15b passes through a polarizer 12 and a retardation film 14, enters the interior of the liquid crystal cell, passes through openings of reflective electrodes 7, and is introduced into a liquid crystal layer 3. The light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 passes through a color filter 5, emerges from the liquid crystal cell, and passes through the retardation film 13 and the polarizer 11 towards the exterior. In a lighted environment, the light incident on the polarizer 11 passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 7, and passes through the polarizer 11 again and is emitted towards the exterior.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device having a light-shielding layer for preventing light from entering semiconductor elements. In particular, a liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes an electro-optical material between an element substrate having pixel electrodes and an opposing substrate facing the element substrate. The element substrate includes semiconductor elements for driving the pixel electrodes, insulation films covering the semiconductor element, and a reflective plate disposed on the insulation films, the reflective plate having openings. The semiconductor elements adjacent to the element substrate includes a light-shielding layer for shielding the semiconductor element from incident light, the light-shielding layer having openings in substantially the same regions as the openings in the reflective plate.

Abstract: Ambient light incident upon a polarizer 105 passes through a liquid crystal layer 103 and is then reflected by reflective films 116 via transparent electrodes 115. The reflected light passes again through the liquid crystal layer 103 and the polarizer 105 and is output to the outside thereby displaying an image in a reflective displaying mode. The reflective films 116 are disposed at locations corresponding to the respective transparent electrodes 115 such that they are spaced from each other. In this structure, some ambient light passes through the spaces between adjacent transparent electrodes 115, however, such light is not reflected by the reflective films 116 toward the outside and thus a reduction in contrast due to such reflection is prevented.