Abstract: The present invention relates to clipping thresholds adjustment for Crest Factor Reduction CFR in a radio unit, wherein the radio unit comprises one or more clipping stages that apply respective clipping thresholds to clip input signals, comprising: determining a target threshold for the clipping stages based on a target PAR and the amplitudes or powers of the input signals, estimating the direction in which original PAR of the input signals changes by comparing amplitudes of the clipped signals from the clipping stages with the target threshold, and adjusting the clipping thresholds based on the estimated direction. The present invention also relates to dynamic stage control. With the present invention, clipping thresholds and clipping stages are adaptively changes with dynamic original PAR of input signals and the efficiency of power amplifier is increased with a low implementation cost.

Abstract: The invention discloses an adaptive phase shift method in a multi-carrier system, comprising: generating a group of one or more new phase values for corresponding one or more phase shift carriers, PSCs, based on quantization phase values; calculating and comparing a backward maximum power in an evaluation path with the group of one or more new phase values in one timeslot and a forward maximum power in a working path with current phase values in the timeslot; and adjusting phase of the PSCs based on the group of one or more new phase values if the calculated backward maximum power is less than the calculated forward maximum power. An adaptive phase shift apparatus is also disclosed. With the invention, complexity of the implementation is reduced and a small DPS block resource, low Hardware cost, low power consumption is also achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling appliance and an operating method thereof. The cooling appliance comprises multiple thermally insulated storage chambers (2, 3, 4), a cooling system (5) for cooling these storage chambers (2, 3, 4), and an indication unit (20). According to the proposal of the present invention, the indication unit (20) is set to be capable of displaying information about which of the storage chambers (2, 3, 4) is/are being cooled by the cooling system (5).

Abstract: Described herein are devices for providing drinking fluid from feed sources comprising: a first reservoir, a filter for mechanically removing particles and a second reservoir for receipt of the processed feed fluid. A continually disinfecting element is disposed in either or both reservoirs to remove additional materials from the fluid. Drinking fluid is provided in a portable device. Optional light sources are provided to interact with the disinfecting elements and/or provide an indication of the contained suitability of such disinfecting elements. A method for creating drinking fluid from a feed source is also disclosed.

Abstract: A photorefractive composition and a photorefractive device comprising the composition are disclosed. The composition is configured to be photorefractive upon irradiation by a laser having a wavelength in the visible light spectrum and comprises a polymer, a non linear optical chromophore, and a plasticizer. In an embodiment, the percentage of polymer recurring units that comprise a charge transport moiety is less than 30%. In an embodiment, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyurea, polyurethane, poly(meth)acrylate, polyester, polyimide, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the composition has a diffraction efficiency of about 30% or greater upon irradiation with a visible light laser.

Abstract: A photorefractive composition and a photorefractive device comprising the composition are disclosed. The composition is configured to be photorefractive upon irradiation by a laser having a wavelength in the visible light spectrum and comprises a polymer, a non linear optical chromophore, a plasticizer, and an electrolyte. In an embodiment, the percentage of polymer recurring units that comprise a charge transport moiety is less than 30%. In an embodiment, the electrolyte comprises one or more of ammonium salts, heterocyclic ammonium salts, and phosphonium salts. In an embodiment, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyurea, polyurethane, poly(meth)acrylate, polyester, polyimide, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the composition has a diffraction efficiency of about 25% or greater upon irradiation with a visible light laser.

Abstract: The present invention relates to clipping thresholds adjustment for Crest Factor Reduction CFR in a radio unit, wherein the radio unit comprises one or more clipping stages that apply respective clipping thresholds to clip input signals, comprising: determining a target threshold for the clipping stages based on a target PAR and the amplitudes or powers of the input signals, estimating the direction in which original PAR of the input signals changes by comparing amplitudes of the clipped signals from the clipping stages with the target threshold, and adjusting the clipping thresholds based on the estimated direction. The present invention also relates to dynamic stage control. With the present invention, clipping thresholds and clipping stages are adaptively changes with dynamic original PAR of input signals and the efficiency of power amplifier is increased with a low implementation cost.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for a backlight unit includes a feed mechanism, a testing mechanism, and an attachment mechanism. The feed mechanism arranges a plurality of light-emitting diodes in a row. The testing mechanism tests the light-emitting diodes. The attachment mechanism positions the light-emitting diodes to a circuit board. The attachment mechanism comprises a support assembly and a laminating device, in which the support assembly receives the light-emitting diodes tested by the at least one testing unit, the support assembly is opposite to the circuit board, and the laminating device laminates the light-emitting diodes to the circuit board. A method for manufacturing the backlight unit is also provided.

Abstract: A photorefractive device (100) and method of manufacture are disclosed. The device (100) comprises a layered structure, in which one or more chromophore-doped polymer layers (110) are interposed between a photorefractive material (106) and one or more electrode layers (104). The layered structure can also be interposed between a plurality of substrates (102). In some embodiments, the device (100) exhibits a decreased decay time when applying the biased voltage. Concurrently, the device (100) of the present disclosure utilizes approximately half the bias voltage, advantageously resulting in a longer device life time.

Abstract: A photorefractive device (100) and method of manufacture are disclosed. The device (100) comprises a layered structure in which one or more polymer layers (110) are interposed between a photorefractive material (106) and at least one transparent electrode layer (104). One or more electrolytes are dispersed into the one or more polymer layers (110). When a bias is applied to the device (100), the device (100) exhibits an increase in signal efficiency compared to a similar device without electrolyte. Both grating decay time and grating response time are greatly reduced by dispersing electrolytes into one or more polymer layers in the photorefractive device. The grating decay time can be adjusted by dispersing different kinds of the electrolytes and/or different concentration of the electrolytes, which can be fitted into all kinds of applications with different requirements for grating response and decay time.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions that are photorefractive upon irradiation by multiple laser wavelengths across the visible light spectrum. Embodiments of the photorefractive composition comprise a polymer, a chromophore, and a sensitizer, wherein the polymer comprises a repeating unit including at least a moiety selected from the group consisting of the formulae (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic), as defined herein. The photorefractive composition can be used in optical devices.

Abstract: Described herein are optical devices comprising a photorefractive layer and at least two inert layers, such that the photorefractive layer is sandwiched between the two inert layers. The photorefractive layer may include a photorefractive composition that is photorefractive upon irradiation by a laser beam. In some embodiments, the photorefractive composition is formulated such that a grating that is irradiated into the photorefractive composition can be read out of the photorefractive composition without applying an external bias voltage. Furthermore, a grating that is written into the composition may be controlled using thermal treatment.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. In certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. In certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.

Abstract: A method for modulating light, comprising the steps of providing a photorefractive composition containing a sensitizer and a polymer, wherein the sensitizer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of anthraquinone, -nitro-9-fluorenone and 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone and irradiating the photorefractive composition with a laser. The photorefractive composition provides a grating without using an external bias voltage.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for a backlight unit includes a feed mechanism, a testing mechanism, and an attachment mechanism. The feed mechanism arranges a plurality of light-emitting diodes in a row. The testing mechanism tests the light-emitting diodes. The attachment mechanism positions the light-emitting diodes to a circuit board. The attachment mechanism comprises a support assembly and a laminating device, in which the support assembly receives the light-emitting diodes tested by the at least one testing unit, the support assembly is opposite to the circuit board, and the laminating device laminates the light-emitting diodes to the circuit board. A method for manufacturing the backlight unit is also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a method of synthesizing a lithium metal phosphate composite usable for a lithium secondary battery includes the steps of forming a nanometer-size precursor comprising lithium source and metal phosphate nanoparticles having each nanoparticle at least partially coated a layer of carbon precursor, spray drying the nanometer-size precursor at a first desired temperature to form micron-size particles packed with the lithium metal phosphate precursor nanoparticles, and sintering the micron-size particles at a second desired temperature under an inert and/or reduction atmosphere to form a micron-size lithium metal phosphate composite.

Abstract: A method for forming a grating in a photorefractive composition comprising the steps of: providing a photorefractive composition containing a sensitizer and a polymer, wherein the polymer includes a first repeating unit which includes a moiety selected from the group consisting of the formulae (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) as defined herein; and irradiating the photorefractive composition with a near infrared (NIR) laser, wherein the composition provides long grating holding time and the grating signal can be read out without external bias voltage.

Abstract: A photorefractive composition that is photorefractive upon irradiation by a near infrared (NIR) laser. The photorefractive composition comprises a sensitizer and a polymer comprising a repeating unit including at least a moiety selected from the group consisting of the formulae (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic), as defined herein. The photorefractive composition can be used in optical devices.

Abstract: An optical device comprising a photorefractive composition configured to be photorefractive upon irradiation by a blue laser. The photorefractive composition comprises a polymer comprising a repeating unit including at least a moiety selected from the group consisting of the formulas (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic), as defined herein.