Abstract: A communication apparatus has a communication part and authenticates a communication partner by using a digital certificate, wherein the communication apparatus includes an authentication part carrying out authentication of the communication partner by using a common certificate, the common certificate being a digital certificate not including identification information of an apparatus, and an individualized certificate transmission part acquiring, in the case the authentication by the authentication part has been made successfully, individualized certificate and transmitting the individualized certificate to said communication partner, the individualized certificate being a digital certificate including identification information of the communication partner.

Abstract: An apparatus in a system which includes at least a high-level apparatus and a plurality of low-level apparatuses, said apparatus being one of the low-level apparatuses. The apparatus includes a storage unit configured to store an individual certificate set and a common certificate set and a communication unit configured to transmit own authentication information to the high level apparatus to allow the high level apparatus to perform decryption to authenticate the validity of the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for communicating, including a communicating unit that enables the apparatus to communicate with a communications counterparty via the communicating unit. The communicating unit includes a unit for providing an individual certificate that is a digital certificate being provided with information identifying the apparatus for communicating in order to receive an authentication by the communications counterparty when communicating, and a unit for communicating when having been authenticated with the individual certificate by the communications counterparty. The apparatus further includes at least one storage area for storing the individual certificate and a common certificate that is a digital certificate not being provided with apparatus identifying information, in a replacement component as a minimum unit enabled for replacement.

Abstract: In a multi-function imaging machine, a termination condition for each application is managed at a remote location, and a termination operation of the application based on the termination condition is controlled at the imaging apparatus. This imaging apparatus implements a plurality of different applications related to imaging and includes a communication unit that enables transmission and reception of information between an external apparatus, a table that records an application usage state and a termination condition set by the external apparatus for each application, and a control unit that determines whether or not any of the applications satisfies the termination condition during activation by referring to the table, and terminates the application when the termination condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An insulating bobbin for disposition between a stator core and a stator winding of a stator of a rotating machine, the stator winding being wound around the stator core by way of the insulating bobbin, the insulating bobbin comprising a coil end section at which an end portion of the stator winding is disposed, a slot side section forming a slot for winding thereon the stator winding, and a corner section having a curved surface and connecting between the coil end portion and the slot side portion, the corner section having a first radius of curvature at a side closer to the coil end section and a second radius of curvature at a side closer to the slot side section, the second radius of curvature being larger than the first radius of curvature.

Abstract: An agent device is connected with one or more image-forming devices in a local network having a firewall provided therein. A management device carries out remote management of the image-forming devices in the local network through the Internet. The agent device includes a command receiving unit which starts connection with the management device and receives a management command from the management device via the firewall, the command being sent by the management device in response to the connection. An image-forming-device communication unit receives device-state information of a corresponding one of the image-forming devices according to the management command. A command response transmitting unit transmits the device-state information to the management device through the Internet.

Abstract: An agent device is connected with one or more image-forming devices in a local network having a firewall provided therein. A management device carries out remote management of the image-forming devices in the local network through the Internet. The agent device includes a command receiving unit which starts connection with the management device and receives a management command from the management device via the firewall, the command being sent by the management device in response to the connection. An image-forming-device communication unit receives device-state information of a corresponding one of the image-forming devices according to the management command. A command response transmitting unit transmits the device-state information to the management device through the Internet.

Abstract: A management mediating device includes a management system communication device for making a connection to a management system outside a fire wall from inside the fire wall, and receiving a command from the management system, and a processor for performing a process in accordance with the received command. The management mediating device further includes a management object system communication device for transferring the command to a management object system, a storage for storing a connection schedule of the management system communication device, and an instructing device for, in accordance with the connection schedule, instructing the management system communication device to make a connection to the management system.

Abstract: A communication apparatus has a communication part and authenticates a communication partner by using a digital certificate, wherein the communication apparatus includes an authentication part carrying out authentication of the communication partner by using a common certificate, the common certificate being a digital certificate not including identification information of an apparatus, and an individualized certificate transmission part acquiring, in the case the authentication by the authentication part has been made successfully, individualized certificate and transmitting the individualized certificate to said communication partner, the individualized certificate being a digital certificate including identification information of the communication partner.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes an authentication part for authenticating another communication apparatus with a first digital certificate, and a certificate transmission part for transmitting a second digital certificate when the authentication part succeeds in authenticating the other communication apparatus with the first digital certificate.

Abstract: In a multi-function imaging machine, a termination condition for each application is managed at a remote location, and a termination operation of the application based on the termination condition is controlled at the imaging apparatus. This imaging apparatus implements a plurality of different applications related to imaging and includes a communication unit that enables transmission and reception of information between an external apparatus, a table that records an application usage state and a termination condition set by the external apparatus for each application, and a control unit that determines whether or not any of the applications satisfies the termination condition during activation by referring to the table, and terminates the application when the termination condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An apparatus for communicating, including communicating means, enabled to communicate with communications counterparties via the communicating means is disclosed. The communicating means includes means for providing an individual certificate and storage areas for storing individual and common certificates.

Abstract: A certificate setting method is disclosed to set a digital certificate available to authentication in a communication apparatus by using a certificate setting apparatus. The method includes steps of: mounting a component having a common certificate being a digital certificate without identification information of an apparatus to the communication apparatus; and performing authentication between the certificate setting apparatus and the communication apparatus by using the common certificate, and when the authentication succeeds, using the certificate setting apparatus to cause the communication apparatus to store an individual certificate being a digital certificate with identification information of the communication apparatus. According to the present invention, it is possible to set a digital certificate having identification information of a communication apparatus thereto easily and securely.

Abstract: In a multi-function imaging machine, a termination condition for each application is managed at a remote location, and a termination operation of the application based on the termination condition is controlled at the imaging apparatus. This imaging apparatus implements a plurality of different applications related to imaging and includes a communication unit that enables transmission and reception of information between an external apparatus, a table that records an application usage state and a termination condition set by the external apparatus for each application, and a control unit that determines whether or not any of the applications satisfies the termination condition during activation by referring to the table, and terminates the application when the termination condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A management mediating device includes management system communication means for making a connection to a management system outside a fire wall from inside the fire wall, and receiving a command from the management system, processing means for performing a process in accordance with the received command. The management mediating device further includes management object system communication means for transferring the command to a management object system, storing means for storing a connection schedule of the management system communication means, and instructing means for, in accordance with the connection schedule, instructing the management system communication means to make a connection to the management system.

Abstract: In a multi-function imaging machine, a termination condition for each application is managed at a remote location, and a termination operation of the application based on the termination condition is controlled at the imaging apparatus. This imaging apparatus implements a plurality of different applications related to imaging and includes a communication unit that enables transmission and reception of information between an external apparatus, a table that records an application usage state and a termination condition set by the external apparatus for each application, and a control unit that determines whether or not any of the applications satisfies the termination condition during activation by referring to the table, and terminates the application when the termination condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An agent device is connected with one or more image-forming devices in a local network having a firewall provided therein. A management device carries out remote management of the image-forming devices in the local network through the Internet. The agent device includes a command receiving unit which starts connection with the management device and receives a management command from the management device via the firewall, the command being sent by the management device in response to the connection. An image-forming-device communication unit receives device-state information of a corresponding one of the image-forming devices according to the management command. A command response transmitting unit transmits the device-state information to the management device through the Internet.

Abstract: A continuous-cast low-carbon resulfurized free-cutting steel which consists in weight percentage ofC: 0.05-0.15,Mn: 0.5-1.5,P: 0.05-0.10,S: 0.15-0.40,O: 0.010-0.020,one or more of Pb, Bi, and Te as accompanying elements for improving machinability at a following content:Pb: 0.05-0.40,Bi: 0.05-0.40, andTe: 0.003-0.10,Si: 0.003 or less,Al; 0.0009 or less, andthe remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and contains a manganese sulfide-base inclusion with the provision that:a mean sectional area of the manganese sulfide-base inclusion present in a sectional area of 1 mm.sup.2 in the rolling direction of the steel is not less than 30 .mu.m.sup.2 ; anda rate of the number of a manganese sulfide-base inclusions not in the form of a complex with oxide is not less than 80% of the total amount of manganese sulfide-base inclusion.