Abstract: A method, device and system for implementing a long reach passive optical network are provided. Uplink optical burst packets are transmitted by an optical network unit. The uplink optical burst packets are converted into an electrical signal and then a continuous optical signal. The continuous optical signal is transmitted to a receiving device.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) and methods for preparing it. In one embodiment, the ECM is prepared from 3-D aggregates of pluripotent stem cells or from embryoid bodies. In one embodiment, the ECM is in the form of acellular microspheres. The stem cells used in the present invention can be embryonic stem cells (ESC). In a specific embodiment, the stem cells or embryoid bodies are from human. The ECM of the invention can be mass produced using PSC aggregates or embryoid bodies in large scale bioreactors. The acellular ECM produced using the present invention can be used for injection into a person or animal to regenerate tissue and/or treat a disease or condition. A method of the invention comprises growing stem cells in suspension culture as aggregates, e.g., in a bioreactor. Acellular ECM is then prepared from the cell aggregates by decellularization.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and a system for realizing PON reach extension, and a relay apparatus for realizing this method. The method includes: extracting an overhead in an upstream data stream that is sent by an ONU to an OLT, obtaining a payload in the upstream data stream through de-mapping, and storing it into a buffer; extracting bandwidth authorization information in an downstream data stream that is sent by the OLT to the ONU; and reorganizing a stored payload according to the bandwidth authorization information and inserting a corresponding overhead to generate a new upstream data stream and send it to the OLT.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for position coding of three dimensional mesh models are described including estimating a symbol probability of a non-empty-child-cell Cl,k, where Ql,k denotes the kth cell at layer l, wherein the symbol probability is estimated based on an accuracy of a fitted plane P, sub-dividing the non-empty-child-cell to produce a sub-cell, if the non-empty-child-cell has more than one vertex, determining if there are more unprocessed non-empty-child-cells at layer l, if there are no more unprocessed non-empty-child-cells at layer l, determining if all non-empty-child-cells at layer l have only one vertex and a distance between the center of the sub-cell and a point inside the sub-cell is less than or equal to a first threshold and entropy coding symbols representing a position of the non-empty-child-cells, if all non-empty-child-cells at layer l have only one vertex and the distance between the center of the sub-cell and the point inside the sub-cell is less than or equal to the first threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, an apparatus, and a system for sending and receiving service data, where the method includes: first, obtaining, by a sending end, a target modulation mode different from a current modulation mode; and then, generating, by the sending end, invalid data, and temporarily storing service data at the same time; and then, performing encapsulation and mapping on the invalid data, switching the current modulation mode to the target modulation mode, modulating encapsulated and mapped invalid data according to the target modulation mode, and sending modulated invalid data to a receiving end; and finally, after the sending end completes the encapsulation and mapping on the invalid data, performing encapsulation and mapping on the temporarily stored service data, modulating encapsulated and mapped service data according to the target modulation mode, and sending modulated service data to the receiving end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for position coding of three dimensional mesh models are described including estimating a symbol probability of a non-empty-child-cell Cl,k, where Ql,k denotes the kth cell at layer l, wherein the symbol probability is estimated based on an accuracy of a fitted plane P, sub-dividing the non-empty-child-cell to produce a sub-cell, if the non-empty-child-cell has more than one vertex, determining if there are more unprocessed non-empty-child-cells at layer l, if there are no more unprocessed non-empty-child-cells at layer l, determining if all non-empty-child-cells at layer l have only one vertex and a distance between the center of the sub-cell and a point inside the sub-cell is less than or equal to a first threshold and entropy coding symbols representing a position of the non-empty-child-cells, if all non-empty-child-cells at layer l have only one vertex and the distance between the center of the sub-cell and the point inside the sub-cell is less than or equal to the first threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, an apparatus, and a system for sending and receiving service data, where the method includes: first, obtaining, by a sending end, a target modulation mode different from a current modulation mode; and then, generating, by the sending end, invalid data, and temporarily storing service data at the same time; and then, performing encapsulation and mapping on the invalid data, switching the current modulation mode to the target modulation mode, modulating encapsulated and mapped invalid data according to the target modulation mode, and sending modulated invalid data to a receiving end; and finally, after the sending end completes the encapsulation and mapping on the invalid data, performing encapsulation and mapping on the temporarily stored service data, modulating encapsulated and mapped service data according to the target modulation mode, and sending modulated service data to the receiving end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for position decoding of three dimensional mesh models are described including predicting a symbol probability of a non-empty-child-cell Cl,k, where Cl,k denotes the kth cell at layer l, wherein the symbol probability is estimated based on an accuracy of a fitted plane P, decoding the non-empty-child-cell responsive to the received predicted probability of the non-empty-child-cell, subdividing the non-empty-child-cell, if the non-empty-child-cell has more than one vertex, determining if there are more unprocessed non-empty-child-cells at layer l, determining if a lowest layer of non-empty-child-cells has been reached, if there are no more unprocessed non-empty-child-cells at layer l and regenerating the three dimensional mesh model, if the lowest layer of non-empty-child-cells has been reached.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are articles and methods useful for the lithographic applications. The articles comprise a wrinkling structure and a photosensitive material. The articles and methods provide low cost alternatives to conventional lithographic applications. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: A method, device and system for implementing a long reach passive optical network are provided. Uplink optical burst packets are transmitted by an optical network unit. The uplink optical burst packets are converted into an electrical signal and then a continuous optical signal. The continuous optical signal is transmitted to a receiving device.

Abstract: A method, device and system for implementing a long reach passive optical network (LR-PON) are provided, which solve the problem that the cost for establishing an LR-PON system is high. The method includes: receiving an uplink burst packet transmitted by an optical network unit (ONU) in a burst manner (101), converting a burst optical signal of the uplink burst packet into a continuous optical signal, and transmitting the continuous optical signal to a receiving device (105). The present invention is applicable to an LR-PON.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and a system for realizing PON reach extension, and a relay apparatus for realizing this method. The method includes: extracting an overhead in an upstream data stream that is sent by an ONU to an OLT, obtaining a payload in the upstream data stream through de-mapping, and storing it into a buffer; extracting bandwidth authorization information in an downstream data stream that is sent by the OLT to the ONU; and reorganizing a stored payload according to the bandwidth authorization information and inserting a corresponding overhead to generate a new upstream data stream and send it to the OLT.

Abstract: Porous HCG scaffolds are provided in a perfusion bioreactor. Cells are seeded in the HCG scaffolds and cell culture media is perfused through the bioreactor to allow for cell seeding and growth. The cell culture media is removed, the HCG-cell constructs washed, and then preserved in the bioreactor with a perfusion comprising cryopreservation fluid comprising one or more of DMSO, trehalose, glycerol, ethylene glycol, or serum. The HCG-cell constructs (or the perfusion chambers containing them) are then removed from the bioreactor and placed in a cryopreservant media and maintained at about ?80° C. The frozen HCG-cell constructs (or the chambers containing them) can then be stored at a suitable cryogenic temperature until needed. When needed, frozen HCG-cell constructs can be removed from cold storage and thawed using suitable means.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns materials and methods for growing and expanding MSC while maintaining their undifferentiated phenotype, self-renewal ability, and/or multi-lineage potential. In one embodiment, a method of the invention comprises i) seeding freshly isolated MSC on a planar surface or a 3-D scaffold and growing the cells under physiological or low O2 tension for a period of time sufficient to support formation of 3-D ECM network; ii) decellularizing the planar surface or 3-D scaffold; and iii) reseeding the decellularized planar surface or 3-D scaffold with MSCs, whereby the reseeded MSCs can be grown on the scaffold and maintain an undifferentiated phenotype. In one embodiment, the 3-D scaffold comprises or is composed of PET. In one embodiment, the MSC are human MSC (hMSC).

Abstract: The subject invention concern materials and methods for cryopreservation of HCG-cell constructs. In one embodiment, porous HCG scaffolds are provided in a perfusion bioreactor having perfusion chambers that can contain the HCG scaffolds, cells are then seeded in the HCG scaffolds in the perfusion bioreactor, cell culture media is perfused through and the bioreactor operated so as to allow for cell seeding and growth in the HCG scaffold. After a suitable period of time, the cell culture media is removed and the HCG containing cells (HCG-cell constructs) can be washed with a suitable buffer, such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The HCG-cell constructs are then perfused in the bioreactor with a suitable cryopreservation fluid. The cryopreservant can comprise one or more of the following: DMSO, trehalose, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and serum for cell culture (e.g., fetal bovine serum (FBS)).

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a perfusion bioreactor device and methods of using the same. A bioreactor device of the invention can be used to grow cells and tissue in a controlled in vitro environment. A perfusion bioreactor device of the invention can have multiple perfusion chambers that can be controlled individually. Transverse or parallel flow of a fluid can be provided to each chamber. Cells can be seeded on a hydrogel and/or 3D scaffold to provide a 3D environment in the bioreactor device where the cells can adhere, proliferate, migrate, secrete growth and/or differentiation factors, and/or undergo differentiation, etc. The subject invention also concerns hydrogels and 3D scaffolds that can be used to grow and/or differentiate cells thereon.

Abstract: A method, device and system for implementing a long reach passive optical network (LR-PON) are provided, which solve the problem that the cost for establishing an LR-PON system is high. The method includes: receiving an uplink burst packet transmitted by an optical network unit (ONU) in a burst manner (101) , converting a burst optical signal of the uplink burst packet into a continuous optical signal, and transmitting the continuous optical signal to a receiving device (105). The present invention is applicable to an LR-PON.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a modular cell culture bioreactor comprises a plurality of chambers for cell culture; at least one reservoir containing a cell support medium; a plurality of conduits fluidly connecting the at least one reservoir with the plurality of chambers; and at least one pump fluidly connected through the plurality of conduits with the at least one reservoir and with the plurality of chambers to pump cell support medium therethrough; wherein each individual chamber of the plurality of chambers includes at least one three-dimensional matrix comprising polyethylene terephthalate, a plurality of channels carrying the cell support medium and having the matrix positioned in fluid communication therebetween, and at least two openings into each the channel, wherein a first the opening is in fluid connection with the pump and a second the opening is in fluid connection with the reservoir.

Abstract: A bioreactor for cell culture includes a chamber having three channels therethrough for conducting fluids, the three channels including an upper channel, a middle channel, and a lower channel, each the channel having an inlet and an outlet approximately opposite along the channel from the inlet. First and second cell support scaffolds are positioned within the chamber, each scaffold comprising at least one three-dimensional porous matrix containing non woven fibrous polyethylene terephthalate, the first scaffold being positioned within the chamber between the upper channel and the middle channel, and the second scaffold being positioned within the chamber between the middle channel and the lower channel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a modular cell culture bioreactor comprises a plurality of chambers for cell culture; at least one reservoir containing a cell support medium; a plurality of conduits fluidly connecting the at least one reservoir with the plurality of chambers; and at least one pump fluidly connected through the plurality of conduits with the at least one reservoir and with the plurality of chambers to pump cell support medium therethrough; wherein each individual chamber of the plurality of chambers includes at least one three-dimensional matrix comprising polyethylene terephthalate, a plurality of channels carrying the cell support medium and having the matrix positioned in fluid communication therebetween, and at least two openings into each the channel, wherein a first the opening is in fluid connection with the pump and a second the opening is in fluid connection with the reservoir.