Abstract: A sulfur-containing polyurethane base lens resin is obtained by reacting one or more isocyanate compounds, which have two or more NCO groups, with one or more OH-containing compounds, which have two or more OH groups, in such proportions that the molar ratio of NCO groups to OH groups ranges from 0.5 to 1.5. At least one of said one or more OH-containing compounds contains one or more sulfur atoms in the molecule thereof. The total content of sulfur atoms in all OH-containing compounds is 20 wt. % or higher.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a high-refractivity plastic lens resin obtained by polymerizing under heat at least one polyisocyanate (I): ##STR1## wherein X means a hydrogen, chlorine or bromine atom or a methyl or ethyl group, Z is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a stands for an integer of 1-4, b is an integer of 2-4, and a+b is not greater than 6 (a+b.ltoreq.6), with at least one polythiol (II): ##STR2## wherein R means a methyl, ethyl, chloromethyl or bromomethyl group, m stands for an integer of 0-2 and n is 4-m and/or at least one polythiol (III): ##STR3## wherein X means a hydrogen, chlorine or bromine atom or a methyl or ethyl group, Y denotes an oxygen or sulfur atom, r stands for 0 or 1, s is an integer of 0-2, p is an integer of 2-4, q is an integer of 1-4 and p+q is not greater than 6 (p+q.ltoreq.6), in such amounts that the --NCO/--SH molar ratio falls within 0.5-3.0, as well as a lens made of the above resin.

Abstract: Novel 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivatives. These compounds can be prepared by reacting a cyclohexanone-4-carboxylic acid with a phenol.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid by reacting a cyclohexanone-4-carboxylic acid compound with phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and then subjecting the resulting 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid compound to decomposition and dehydrogenation reactions in the presence of a base and a dehydrogenation catalyst. The aforesaid cyclohexanone-4-carboxylic acid compound is obtained by catalytically hydrogenating a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid compound in a secondary alcohol or tertiary alcohol solvent, and the reaction mixture thus obtained is directly used for the reaction with phenol.

Abstract: An improved process of producing 1, 3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinones directly from N, N'-dialkylethylenediamine and urea with a high yield is provided, which process comprises reacting a N, N'-dialkylethylenediamine of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or --C.sub.4 H.sub.9, with urea at 180.degree. C. or higher in the presence of a polar solvent, to obtain a 1, 3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone of the formula ##STR2## and preferably comprises carrying out the reaction at two stages, that is, the initial period reaction being carried out at 140.degree. C. or lower to from a 1, 1'-dialkyl-1 1'-dimethylenebisurea and successively the latter reaction being carried out at 180.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: A crude 3,3'-dinitrodiphenyl compound selected from 3,3'-dinitrodiphenylsulfone or 3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone is purified by reacting the crude 3,3'-dinitrodiphenyl compound with a lower alcohol in the presence of a base so as to convert practically the isomer or isomers, which contain one or more nitro groups at the ortho- or/and para-positions, only into the corresponding alkoxy compound or compounds thereof and then separating the alkoxy compound or compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,4'-biphenol comprising subjecting 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol to decomposition and dehydrogenation in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst.4,4-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol is a novel compound which can be prepared by reacting 4-hydroxycyclohexanone with phenol.

Abstract: An S-alkyl thiocarbamate base lens resin is obtained by reacting one or more NCO-containing compounds, such as xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and/or tetrachloroxylylene diisocyanate, with one or more SH-containing aliphatic compounds, for example, a di(2-mercaptoalkyl) ether.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing polyurethane base lens resin is obtained by reacting one or more isocyanate compounds, which have two or more NCO groups, with one or more OH-containing compounds, which have two or more OH groups, in such proportions that the molar ratio of NCO groups to OH groups ranges from 0.5 to 1.5. At least one of said one or more OH-containing compounds contains one or more sulfur atoms in the molecule thereof. The total content of sulfur atoms in all OH-containing compounds is 20 wt. % or higher.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone with a high yield which comprises reacting N,N'-dimethylethylene diamine and/or its hydrochloride with phosgene in the presence of a substantial amount of water and a dehydrochlorinating agent. Particularly, higher yield is attained by carrying out the reaction in water medium while controlling a pH to the range of 3.0 to 10.0 by adding a dehydrochlorinating agent.

Abstract: 4-Alkoxyanilines are obtained industrially advantageously by catalytically hydrogenating a nitrobenzene in the presence of a noble metal catalyst in a mixed solvent containing a lower aliphatic alcohol, sulfuric acid, and water or a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or both to induce hydrogenation and a Bamberger-type rearrangement reaction. The mixed solvent contains at least 10 moles, preferably 30 to 60 moles, of the lower aliphatic alcohol per mole of the nitrobenzene, 1 to 10 moles, preferably 2 to 7 moles, of sulfuric acid per mole of the nitrobenzene, and 2 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, of water, the lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or both.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-alkoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl ethers having excellent insecticidal and acaricidal activities which are represented by formula (IV): ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl group and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each a hydrogen or fluorine atom, which comprises reacting a 3-halogeno-4-alkoxyneophyl halide represented by the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each a hydrogen, chlorine or bromine atom, at least one of them being a chlorine or bromine atom, R has the same meaning as above and X is a halogen atom, with a 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol represented by the formula (II): ##STR3## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 have the same meaning as above, in the presence of a base to obtain a 3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-alkoxy-3-halogenophenyl)-2-methylpropyl ether represented by the formula (III): ##STR4## wherein Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, R, X.sub.1 and X.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing organic isocyanates is disclosed. An organic amine is reacted with phosgene to yield a reaction product, through which hydrogen chloride gas is passed in the presence of an inert organic solvent whereby the gas included in the reaction product is removed and the acid substances and hydrolyzable chlorine-containing substances included therein are minimized.

Abstract: A process for purifying crude p-aminophenol which contains 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and other impurities, which process comprising adding an alkali metal compound to the crude p-aminophenol in an aqueous medium in an atmosphere of an inert gas and, if necessary, in the presence of a reducing agent to give an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of p-aminophenol, and contacting the aqueous solution with an inert organic solvent immiscible with water to permit 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and other impurities to be separated by extraction in the solvent.